DE10102465A1 - Preparation of polymer amphiphiles, useful in e.g. medical diagnostics, paper, textile, and paint industries, involves reacting unsaturated amphiphile with low temperature plasma - Google Patents
Preparation of polymer amphiphiles, useful in e.g. medical diagnostics, paper, textile, and paint industries, involves reacting unsaturated amphiphile with low temperature plasmaInfo
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- DE10102465A1 DE10102465A1 DE2001102465 DE10102465A DE10102465A1 DE 10102465 A1 DE10102465 A1 DE 10102465A1 DE 2001102465 DE2001102465 DE 2001102465 DE 10102465 A DE10102465 A DE 10102465A DE 10102465 A1 DE10102465 A1 DE 10102465A1
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- amphiphiles
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- amphiphile
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
- B01J2219/0828—Wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
- B01J2219/083—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear cylindrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0877—Liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0881—Two or more materials
- B01J2219/089—Liquid-solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
- B01J2219/0896—Cold plasma
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von polymeren Amphiphilen und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung desselben.The invention relates to a new process for the production of polymers Amphiphiles and a device for carrying them out.
Polymermicellen haben gegenüber Micellen, die durch Assoziation einzelner Amphiphilmoleküle entstehen, einige Vorteile. So erreicht man durch eine Polymerisation von micellbildenden Monomerverbindungen oberhalb der CMC (critical micelle concentration) eine Stabilisierung der Form und Größe der Aggregate, die dann unabhängig von einer CMC sich wie Micellen verhalten. Ab einem bestimmten Molekulargewicht der Polymermicellen können diese durch geeignete Verfahren wie Ultrafiltration zurückgehalten bzw. wiedergewonnen werden.Polymer micelles have compared to micelles, which by association individual Amphiphilic molecules arise, some advantages. So you get through one Polymerization of micelle-forming monomer compounds above the CMC (critical micelle concentration) a stabilization of the shape and size of the Aggregates that then behave like micelles regardless of a CMC. From a certain molecular weight of the polymer micelles can this by suitable processes such as ultrafiltration are withheld or recovered become.
Makromoleküle mit amphiphilen Eigenschaften haben Bedeutung in der medizinischen Diagnostik und als Träger spezifisch wirkender Arzneistoffe (Depottabletten). Sie finden ebenfalls Anwendung als Beschichtungs- und Bindemittel in der Papier- und Textilindustrie, als Haft- und Klebemittel in der Lack- und Farbenindustrie sowie als Netzmittel und Schaumstabilisatoren in der Waschmittel- und Kosmetikindustrie. Hier würde man auch eine Möglichkeit zur Stabilisierung kommerziell eingesetzter Enzyme sehen. Von herausragender Bedeutung könnte ihr Einsatz als Dispersionsmittel und Emulgatoren bei Ölhavarien auf dem Meer werden, wo bisher in der Regel die kinetisch instabileren Assoziate von monomeren Detergenzien eingesetzt werden.Macromolecules with amphiphilic properties are important in the medical diagnostics and as a carrier of specific active substances (Depot tablets). They are also used as coating and Binder in the paper and textile industry, as an adhesive in the paint and paint industry as well as wetting agents and foam stabilizers in the Detergent and cosmetics industries. Here you would also have an opportunity to See stabilization of commercially used enzymes. Outstanding Their use as dispersants and emulsifiers in oil spills could be important at sea, where previously the kinetically more unstable associates of monomeric detergents.
Der Vorteil polymerer Micellen als Katalysatorträger besteht darüber hinaus in der Möglichkeit, sie auch gegebenenfalls in extremer Verdünnung einsetzen zu können, da Beschränkungen durch Einhaltung der kritischen Micellarkonzentration nicht gegeben sind. Von hohem praktischen Wert ist die Eigenschaft polymerisierter Micellen, katalytisch aktive Metallkomplexe zu solubilisieren. Derartige polymere Micellen können in Membranreaktoren eingesetzt werden, wo sie nach erfolgter Reaktion bequem mittels geeigneter Membranen von den Reaktionsprodukten abgetrennt werden können. The advantage of polymeric micelles as a catalyst support is also that Possibility of using them in extreme dilution if necessary, since there are no restrictions due to adherence to the critical micellar concentration given are. The property of polymerized is of great practical value Solubilize micelles, catalytically active metal complexes. Such polymers Micelles can be used in membrane reactors, where they are used Reaction conveniently using suitable membranes from the reaction products can be separated.
Die Polymerisation von amphiphilen Monomeren mit Hilfe von UV-Bestrahlung und thermischer Behandlung ist bereits bekannt. Allerdings müssen hier meist Polymerisationsinitiatoren oder eine erhöhte Temperatur angewendet werden (M. Paleos (Ed.) Polymerization in Organized Media, Gordon and Beach Science Publ., Philadelphia, 1992; A. Laschewsky, Adv. Polym. Sci. 1995, 124, 1).The polymerization of amphiphilic monomers with the help of UV radiation and thermal treatment is already known. However, here mostly Polymerization initiators or an elevated temperature are used (M. Paleos (Ed.) Polymerization in Organized Media, Gordon and Beach Science Publ., Philadelphia, 1992; A. Laschewsky, Adv. Polym. Sci. 1995, 124, 1).
Auch strukturell verwandte Vesikel (Liposomen) wurden bereits mehrfach mit ungesättigten Gruppen ausgestattet, um über eine chemisch- oder physikalisch- initiierte Polymerisation zu stabilisierten Hohlkugeln zu gefangen (F. J. Freeman, D. Shapman: Polymerizable Liposomes: Application in Biology and Medicine in: G. Gregoriadis (Ed.) Liposomes as Drug Carriers, J. Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester 1998, pp. 821-839; G. V. Betageri, S. B. Kulkarni: Preparation of Liposomes in R. Arshady (Ed.) Microspheres, Microcapsules and Liposomes Vol. 1, Citus Books, London, 1999, p. 515; A. Singh, M. Schnur: Polymerizable Phospholipids in G. Cevc (Ed.), Phospholipids Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993, pp. 233-291; S. L. Regen, J.-S. Shin, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2446-2447).Structurally related vesicles (liposomes) have also been used several times unsaturated groups equipped to use a chemical or physical initiated polymerization to stabilize hollow spheres (F.J. Freeman, D. Shapman: Polymerizable Liposomes: Application in Biology and Medicine in: G. Gregoriadis (Ed.) Liposomes as Drug Carriers, J. Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester 1998, pp. 821-839; G.V. Betageri, S.B. Kulkarni: Preparation of Liposomes in R. Arshady (Ed.) Microspheres, Microcapsules and Liposomes Vol. 1, Citus Books, London, 1999, p. 515; A. Singh, M. Schnur: Polymerizable Phospholipids in G. Cevc (Ed.), Phospholipids Handbook, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993, pp. 233-291; S. L. Regen, J.-S. Shin, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2446-2447).
Plasmabehandlungen von amphiphilen Molekülen sind bisher nur in Zusammenhang mit Oberflächenmodifizierung zur Darstellung speziell beschichteter Membranen bekannt. (J. P. Lens, P. F. H. Harmsen, E. M. T. Schegget, J. G. A. Terlingen, G. H. M. Engbers, J. Feijen, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1997, 8, 963-982; V. Hessel, P. Detemple, J. F. Geiger, M. Keil, R. Schäfer, R. Festag, J. H. Wendorff, Thin Solid Films 1996, 286, 241-251; J. G. A. Terlingen, J. Feijen, A. S. Hoffman, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1993, 155, 55-65; J. G. A. Terlingen, L. M. Brenneisen, H. T. J. Super, A. P. Pijpers, A. S. Allan, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1993, 4, 165-181; J. G. A. Terlingen, J. Feijen, A. S. Hoffman, J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Edn. 1992, 4, 31-33) Diese Versuche werden jedoch nicht in wässrig-micellarer Lösung durchgeführt, sondern durch Beladung entsprechender Oberflächen und anschließender Plasmabehandlung. Als eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Oberflächenbehandlung wurde zunächst eine Polyethylenmatrix plasmabehandelt und anschließend mit einer wässrigen Lösung von Acrylaten bzw. Methacrylaten mit dem Ziel einer Pfropfpolymerisation kontaktiert (T. Yamaguchi, S. Yamahara, S. Nakao, S. Kimura, J. Membrane Sci. 1994, 95, 39-49).So far, plasma treatments of amphiphilic molecules have only been related with surface modification to display specially coated membranes known. (J.P. Lens, P.F. H. Harmsen, E.M.T. Schegget, J.G.A. Terlingen, G.H. M. Engbers, J. Feijen, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1997, 8, 963-982; V. Hessel, P. Detemple, J.F. Geiger, M. Keil, R. Schäfer, R. Festag, J.H. Wendorff, Thin Solid Films 1996, 286, 241-251; J.G. A. Terlingen, J. Feijen, A. S. Hoffman, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1993, 155, 55-65; J.G. A. Terlingen, L. M. Brenneisen, H. T. J. Super, A.P. Pijpers, A.S. Allan, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 1993, 4, 165-181; J.G.A. Terlingen, J. Feijen, A.S. Hoffman, J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer edn. 1992, 4, 31-33) However, these experiments are not carried out in aqueous micellar solution, but by loading appropriate surfaces and subsequent Plasma treatment. As another way of surface treatment has been first plasma treated a polyethylene matrix and then with a aqueous solution of acrylates or methacrylates with the aim of Graft polymerization contacted (T. Yamaguchi, S. Yamahara, S. Nakao, S. Kimura, J. Membrane Sci. 1994, 95, 39-49).
Eine Möglichkeit zur Plasmapolymerisation von Acrylamid in wässrigem Medium wird beschrieben (W. Zhang, X. Hou, Polym. Adv. Technol. 1999, 10, 465-467), wobei jedoch weder amphiphile Monomere eingesetzt noch amphiphile Polymere gewonnen werden.One possibility for the plasma polymerization of acrylamide in an aqueous medium is (W. Zhang, X. Hou, Polym. Adv. Technol. 1999, 10, 465-467), wherein however, neither amphiphilic monomers used nor amphiphilic polymers be won.
Wegen der überaus großen Bedeutung von amphiphilen Polymeren, die vorangestellt angeführt wurde, ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von polymeren Micellen zu entwickeln, welches auch bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt werden kann, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens bereitzustellen.Because of the great importance of amphiphilic polymers, the was given in front, it is an object of the invention to provide a new method for Developing production of polymeric micelles, which also at Room temperature can be carried out, as well as a device for execution to provide the procedure.
Diese Aufgabe wird anspruchsgemäß gelöst.This task is solved according to the requirements.
Danach erfolgt die durch ein Niedertemperaturplasma induzierte Polymerisation von wässrigen Lösungen von Amphiphilen mit endständigen aktivierten (Methacrylate) oder nicht-aktivierten (Undec-11-enyl-Verbindungen) Doppelbindungen in einem geeigneten Reaktor (siehe Fig. 1) durch Einwirkung eines Plasmas, das zwischen zwei Elektroden brennt, von denen mindestens eine isoliert ist (dielektrisch behinderte Entladung). Hierbei können sich die ungesättigten Amphiphile von sich aus in dem wässrigen Medium selbst organisieren.This is followed by the polymerization of aqueous solutions of amphiphiles with terminally activated (methacrylates) or non-activated (undec-11-enyl compounds) double bonds induced by a low-temperature plasma in a suitable reactor (see FIG. 1) by the action of a plasma which between two electrodes burn, at least one of which is insulated (dielectric barrier discharge). Here, the unsaturated amphiphiles can organize themselves in the aqueous medium.
Vorteilhaft lässt sich die erfindungsgemäße Polymerisationsmethode auch auf Vesikel (Liposomen), bei denen die micellaren Strukturen hohlkugelförmig organisiert sind, anwenden. Auf diese Weise werden Nanopartikel mit zumeist enger Größenverteilung gebildet.The polymerization method according to the invention can also be advantageously used Vesicles (liposomes), in which the micellar structures are organized in a hollow sphere are apply. In this way, nanoparticles usually become narrower Size distribution formed.
Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist erfindungsgemäß ein Bürstenreaktor nach Fig. 1 vorteilhaft geeignet. Dieser besteht aus einem Glaszylinder (1), in dem die innere Elektrode (2) die als Edelstahlbürste ausgebildet ist, und eine Pilzblende (3) zur Filmerzeugung enthalten sind. Der Glaszylinder (1) stellt die Reaktorhülle dar und dient zugleich als Dielektrikum. Außerhalb des Glaszylinders (1) liegt die äußere Elektrode (4) an. Mittels eines Generators als Spannungsquelle (5) wird mit einer eingestellten Frequenz und Spannung das Plasma, z. B. ein Argonplasma erzeugt, wobei man die Amphiphilen in ihrem Medium für eine gewisse Zeit durch den Reaktor pumpt. In diesem Kreislauf ist noch ein Auffanggefäß sowie eine Kühleinrichtung enthalten. Nach Abtrennung des Lösungsmittels und Entfernen der Monomerbestandteile wird schließlich das Zielprodukt erhalten. According to the invention, a brush reactor according to FIG. 1 is advantageously suitable for carrying out the method. This consists of a glass cylinder ( 1 ) in which the inner electrode ( 2 ), which is designed as a stainless steel brush, and a mushroom cover ( 3 ) for film production are contained. The glass cylinder ( 1 ) represents the reactor shell and also serves as a dielectric. The outer electrode ( 4 ) lies outside the glass cylinder ( 1 ). By means of a generator as a voltage source ( 5 ), the plasma, for. B. generates an argon plasma, pumping the amphiphiles in their medium for a certain time through the reactor. This circuit also contains a collecting vessel and a cooling device. After separating off the solvent and removing the monomer components, the target product is finally obtained.
Die Erfindung wird durch die nachfolgenden Beispiele und die Daten der Tabellen erläutert, ohne sie jedoch einzuengen.The invention is illustrated by the following examples and the data in the tables explained, but without restricting them.
Eine wässrige Lösung eines Amphiphils der Formel I bis V (Formelblatt) mit einer bestimmten Konzentration c (siehe Tabelle 1), in der Regel ein gewisses Vielfaches der CMC des Amphiphils, wird mit bzw. ohne Zusatz eines Radikalinitiators für eine gewisse Zeit t mehrfach durch einen Reaktor (Fig. 1), in dem durch einen Generator mit einer eingestellten Frequenz f und Spannung U ein Argonplasma erzeugt wird, gepumpt. Die Temperatur T wird dabei konstant gehalten. Nach dem Entfernen des Lösungsmittels Wasser wird der Umsatz mit Hilfe von 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie (Detektion der Vinylprotonen) bestimmt. Als Ausbeute gilt die Masse des gewonnenen Polymers nach Entfernen von Monomerbestandteilen mittels Gelfiltration, Membranfiltration oder Dialyse. Die Molmasse wird mit Hilfe von Membran- bzw. Dampfdruckosmometrie, GPC (Gelpermeationschromatographie) oder MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy) bestimmt. An aqueous solution of an amphiphile of the formula I to V (formula sheet) with a specific concentration c (see Table 1), usually a certain multiple of the CMC of the amphiphile, is repeated several times with or without the addition of a radical initiator t a reactor ( FIG. 1), in which an argon plasma is generated by a generator with a set frequency f and voltage U. The temperature T is kept constant. After removal of the solvent water, the conversion is determined with the aid of 1 H-NMR spectroscopy (detection of the vinyl protons). The yield is the mass of the polymer obtained after removal of monomer components by means of gel filtration, membrane filtration or dialysis. The molecular weight is determined using membrane or vapor pressure osmometry, GPC (gel permeation chromatography) or MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy).
Eine wässrige Lösung bestehend aus einem Amphiphil der Formel VI bis VIII mit einer bestimmten Konzentration c1 und mit oder ohne Leitsalz (NaCl/Konzentration c2) wird mit Ultraschall behandelt. Die erhaltenen Lösungen wurden via PCS (Photonenkorrelationsspektroskopie) vermessen und zeigten dabei partikuläre Systeme (Vesikel) mit unterschiedlichen Größenverteilungen (dH - Hydrodynamischer Durchmesser) in Abhängigkeit von den verwendeten Konzentrationen an Leitsalz bzw. Amphiphil (siehe Tabelle 2).An aqueous solution consisting of an amphiphile of the formula VI to VIII with a specific concentration c 1 and with or without conductive salt (NaCl / concentration c 2 ) is treated with ultrasound. The solutions obtained were measured using PCS (photon correlation spectroscopy) and showed particulate systems (vesicles) with different size distributions (d H - hydrodynamic diameter) depending on the concentrations of conductive salt or amphiphile used (see Table 2).
Mit bzw. ohne Zusatz eines Radikalinitiators wird die entsprechende Lösung für eine gewisse Zeit (t) mehrfach durch einen Reaktor (Fig. 1), in dem durch einen Generator mit einer eingestellten Frequenz (f) und Spannung (U) ein Plasma erzeugt wird, gepumpt. Die Temperatur (T) wird dabei konstant gehalten. With or without the addition of a radical initiator, the corresponding solution is repeatedly passed for a certain time (t) through a reactor ( FIG. 1) in which a plasma is generated by a generator with a set frequency (f) and voltage (U). pumped. The temperature (T) is kept constant.
Claims (16)
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DE2001102465 DE10102465A1 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2001-01-12 | Preparation of polymer amphiphiles, useful in e.g. medical diagnostics, paper, textile, and paint industries, involves reacting unsaturated amphiphile with low temperature plasma |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10352459B4 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-12-01 | INP Institut für Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik e. V. | Method and device for treating liquid films by means of plasmas |
DE102007025452A1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Surface coating method for precipitating layers onto e.g., medical appliances, involves pre-treating surface with plasma process before applying micro- or nano-particles and then fixing |
GB2493090A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | Surface Innovations Ltd | Producing a porous polymer, using an exciting medium and an emulsion |
-
2001
- 2001-01-12 DE DE2001102465 patent/DE10102465A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10352459B4 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-12-01 | INP Institut für Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik e. V. | Method and device for treating liquid films by means of plasmas |
DE102007025452A1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Surface coating method for precipitating layers onto e.g., medical appliances, involves pre-treating surface with plasma process before applying micro- or nano-particles and then fixing |
GB2493090A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | Surface Innovations Ltd | Producing a porous polymer, using an exciting medium and an emulsion |
GB2493090B (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-09-18 | Surface Innovations Ltd | Method for producing porous polymer structures |
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