DE10038932A1 - Material separation comprises feeding material into one side of container and feeding washing fluid through container in opposite direction to force out component to be separated - Google Patents

Abstract

Material separation comprises feeding the material containing the component to be separated into one side of a container (10), allowing it to flow through the container under gravity, and feeding a washing fluid through the container in the opposite direction to force out the component to be separated. Material separation comprises feeding the material containing the component to be separated into one side of a container (10), allowing it to flow through the container under gravity, and feeding a washing fluid through the container in the opposite direction to force out the component to be separated. The material mixture is supplied continuously and is directed by guide elements (12) which are arranged at an angle to the direction of movement. The fluid is supplied over the region between the guide elements and the material stream, and an area is formed where the material to be separated is compressed.

Description

The invention relates to a method for separating materials according to the preamble of claim 1 and one in particular Implementation of the method provided device according to the Preamble of claim 6.

In a generic method, a mixture of substances with at least one substance component to be separated on a screen te initiated a container, the mixture of substances the Container under the influence of a gravitational field to a flows through in the opposite direction of gravity, in countercurrent to this, a washing fluid through the container is passed, the washing fluid from the mixture of substances Substance component displaced and the displaced component is discharged on the side of the container on which the Mixture of substances is introduced.

A generic device for material separation comprises egg NEN container for holding and separating a mixture of substances at least with a substance component to be separated comprises two displacement chambers, each at one end a guide element, an opening for the passage of a quantity stream of the mixture of substances and a flow device for Have supply of a washing fluid.

A generic method and a generic before direction can be seen, for example, from DE 23 55 106 A. An exchange column becomes a heavy mass flow from above and a light mass flow fed from below. In the out Exchange pillars are arranged so that the  heavy flow from above into the individual chambers flows and is rotated. The heavy mass flow serves as a propulsion jet that over special culverts in the floors from a lie below chamber draws in washing fluid so that intensive ver mixture between the heavy volume flow and the washing fluid he follows. This is intended to achieve at least one be agreed substance component of the heavy mass flow through Separate sedimentation, with a difficult phase in a lower area of the exchange column and can be removed from there.

Prerequisite for performing this known method is that there is a desired one within the exchange column sets stable flow behavior. In practice is ever but the setting of such a stable Strömver very problematic and hardly accessible, because the one individual starting materials in their quantitative and qualitative Composition are often subject to major fluctuations. In addition, it acts on the generic prior art desired intensive mixing of an efficient separation towards a substance component.

The invention has for its object a method ren and to create a device with which a simple and at the same time particularly efficient separation of two under different fabric components is made possible.

According to the invention the task is on the one hand by a Ver drive with the features of claim 1 and the other by a device with the features of claim 6 ge solves. Preferred embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims specified.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that that the mixture of substances as a continuous flow while largely avoiding turbulence from the Container is passed that this along the volume flow  is guided by guiding elements, which in an oblique win are arranged to the direction of the gravitational field that the washing fluid in areas between the guide elements and the along the flowing mass flow parallel and equal is directed to this and that in doing so a displacement is formed in which the washing fluid without a significant distraction of the volume flow through this flows and thereby ver at least partially the material component urges.

A basic principle of the method according to the invention for the substance separation is based on the displacement of those to be separated Component component through the washing fluid. According to the invention achieves an excellent displacement effect in that the washing fluid parallel and rectified in terms of the amounts current flows with the substance component to be separated. This turns out to be relatively small even when using a amount of washing fluid a very large, essentially pa parallel displacement surface. Because of a density sub there is a difference between the washing fluid and the mass flow Wash fluid strives for this parallel flow, the Flow to flow parallel to the direction of gravity men. Due to the very large flow through the men genstromes there is a correspondingly good displacement of the a substance component to be separated.

Through a corresponding selection of the washing fluid and the The amount of the mixture of substances to be introduced results in a excellent separation result in a very short period of time. This is especially true in comparison to the generic Process in which due to intensive mixing and the subsequent sedimentation processes Separation of materials requires a considerable amount of time is. In contrast, the Ver interpose any excessive mixing and swirling the mixture of substances and the washing fluid avoided, the da associated with settling operations.  

When using the method according to the invention is more common used the earth's gravitational field. in principle can also artificially create a gravitational field, for example generated by centrifugal forces. Usually the mixture of substances has a greater density than the washing fluid have, so that the mass flow from a container Move the top down in the direction of the gravitational force gene, while the lighter washing fluid is a corresponding Forms counter current. However, in exceptional cases, for example in sea water desalination, in which ice crystals in a brine using water as the washing fluid to be treated, also possible that the direction of the amounts current and the flow direction of the washing fluid reversed run.

In an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the process of displacing the material comp nente several times according to a desired degree of separation in the container is carried out in displacement chambers which arranged in cascade on top of each other in the direction of gravity are. This is almost technically simple Generate purity levels of any sort during material separation.

Another significant economic advantage of the Erfin dung is that according to a desired through flow rate the process of displacing the material component in the container is carried out in displacement chambers that run across are arranged side by side to the direction of gravity. from going from a basic cell or a basic section, in which a step of the method can be carried out, an anla ge in a simple way by dimensioning height, width and length to almost any required capacity for fabric doors can be adjusted easily.

A preferred development of the invention also lies in that a rotationally symmetrical container and funnel-shaped Guide elements are used, with an annular ge closed flow is generated and that the washing fluid  the circular flow from the inside out or flows through from the outside to the inside. With this in the cross cut meandering flow becomes a special one reliable and effective displacement achieved.

Experiments have shown that even with larger systems with a large number of processes a safe procedure is guaranteed, there is no or no mention of the individual process modules worthy pressure loss occurs. To additionally the risk of a Adding individual procedural modules or blocking the menu To reduce genstromes further, it is according to the invention partial that by means of a movement organ in the container targeted kinetic energy is introduced.

Based on a generic device, the Er invention further characterized in that the opening as a feed channel is formed through which the quantities current largely swirl-free to an adjacent one Guide element is flowable that between the feed channel and the adjacent guide element, the flow device for closing lead the washing fluid is arranged and that the flows tion device in coordination with the feed channel is so that the mass flow in a displacement area while largely avoiding turbulence in parallel and runs in the same direction as the washing fluid supplied, a displacement area approximately parallel to the mass flow ge forms is. With this device according to the invention that can The above-described procedures carried out and the associated advantages.

A preferred embodiment of the invention direction is that a large number of displacement came are arranged one above the other and / or side by side. By appropriate selection of the number and arrangement of ver pressure chambers can increase the capacity as well as that with the separation achievable purity in a particularly simple manner can be set.  

According to the invention, this makes it a simple design is enough that the flow to the Zu through the guide element guide channel is conductive.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the device is rotationally symmetrical and the guide elements are funnel-shaped. hereby a ring-shaped closed mass flow can be reached, through which the washing fluid from the outside in or from must flow inside out, a particularly good ver pushing effect is achieved.

There is also a preferred development of the invention in that a tubular support is arranged in the container is net and that on an inner wall of the container and the Carrier deflection elements are provided. Through these redirects elements which together with the guide elements form the feed channel can form a particularly low turbulence flow management of the mixture of substances guaranteed.

To clog or block flow in the Vorrich To avoid device, it is preferred according to the invention that a movement organ is provided. Here, one in the Container provided carrier or the guide elements relative to rotate the container wall or with a predeterminable frequency be arranged vibrating.

A particularly economical production of the fiction moderate device is achieved in that the guide elements are designed as baffles. These can be done in simpler Cut from sheet metal parts by folding be done. Of course it is also possible to use the lei telemente on a different production method, for example by welding, extruding or casting. depen gigele of the mixture of substances to be treated can Leitele elements made of a suitable metal or plastic.  

Another improvement in manufacturability is achieved according to the invention in that the displacement chambers are designed as modules of the same structure. This can then in a particularly economical manner in large Number of pieces to be produced.

A further improvement is also achieved by that the modules are arranged like a honeycomb in the container. A simple, box-shaped container can be used as a container serve housing, which on two opposite In NENWALLS has recordings for the guide elements. On this For example, recordings can be made simple baffles quickly and arranged reliably.

The invention is based on preferred Ausfüh tion examples further explained, which are shown schematically in the attached drawings are shown. In the drawings demonstrate:

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the central part of a device according to the invention in a rotationally symmetrical design.

Fig. 2 is an explanatory sketch of the displacement principle;

Fig. 3 is a highly schematic partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of a device according to the invention according to Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view through an inventive device according to FIG. 1 in operation;

Fig. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view through the lower part of an inventive device according to Figures 1 and 3.

Fig. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view through an alternative embodiment of an inventive device according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view through a further alternative embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view through an inventive device with honeycomb arranged displacement chambers in loading; and

Fig. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view through an upper region of a device according to the invention with honeycomb arranged Ver displacement chambers.

The functional principle according to the invention is shown on the device shown in Fig. 1, which comprises a rotationally symmetrical container 10 and a tubular support 18 with cascade-like displacement chambers 20 arranged one above the other. To form the displacement chambers 20 are arranged in the container one above the other guide elements 12 which, in cooperation with inner and outer ren deflection devices 14 i and 14 a cause a defined flow of a substance mixture to be treated.

In the vertical arrangement of the container 10. Fig. 4 is introduced in the present embodiment, a mass flow 5 at the top according to arrow P1 to the invention. To separate a substance component from the mass flow 5 , a relatively lighter washing fluid according to the arrow P2 is supplied on the opposite underside. The washing fluid is matched to the mixture of substances to be treated in terms of physical and chemical properties and in terms of the quantity to be supplied in such a way that a continuous, almost uniform flow rate 5 is formed in the container 10 . This means, in particular, that when the washing fluid passes through the defined flow rate 5, there are no significant turbulences.

According to the invention, the guide elements 12 are designed and arranged in such a way that the mass flow in cross-section runs in a meandering manner between the side walls of the container 10 and the tube-shaped carrier 18 . For this purpose, the guide elements 12 have aerodynamic shapes 13 which, together with the adjacent deflection devices 14 a and 14 i, form a defined feed channel 22 through which the continuous flow 5 is guided almost tangentially to the immediately following guide element 12 . According to the invention, the deflecting elements 14 a and 14 i simultaneously design a flow device 26 for supplying the washing fluid from a displacement chamber space underneath such that the washing fluid from the flow device 26 is rectified and is directed essentially parallel to the mass flow 5 from the supply channel 22 ,

According to one aspect of the invention, this defined flow of the washing fluid is generated between the adjacent guide element 12 and the mass flow 5 flowing along it, a displacement area being formed, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2. This parallel flow gives him a relatively large displacement area between the flow 5 and the washing fluid underneath. Because of its physical property, the washing fluid penetrates along the guide element 12 to an ever greater extent into the flow of the men and can thereby displace the substance component to be separated. The washing fluid, which has flowed through the mass flow 5 , can then flow upward in a chamber space of the displacement chamber 20 to the next-following flow device 26 of the next displacement chamber. Partially, the penetrated into the volume flow 5 and there remaining washing fluid is introduced downward into the downwardly adjacent displacement chamber 20 , in which it can participate in the displacement in this displacement chamber 20 . This "entrainment effect" ensures that there is little or no pressure drop at all in the individual displacement chambers, which drastically reduces the risk of blocking or clogging of individual displacement chambers. The generation of a continuous volume flow 5 through the container 10 is thus significantly supported.

In Figs. 1, 3 and 5 a cross section according to the invention by a he rotationally symmetrical apparatus 50 with egg nem cylindrical container 10 which is closed at the top by a cover 52 and at the bottom by a bottom 80 from.

According to Fig. 3 52, the approximately conical cover has a central opening 54 through which a rotatably drivable bare shaft engages through 56th Within the cover 52 , an annular inlet 58 is formed by a cylindrical wall 62 on the inside wall of the cover and a conical wall 64 which is fastened to the shaft 56 . The annular inlet 58 serves for the rotationally symmetrical supply of the mixture of substances to be treated. Furthermore, an annular outlet 60 is provided, which serves to discharge the separated substance component.

The lid is flanged to the container 10 . The shaft 56 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a holder 66 which is rotatably mounted relative to a tubular carrier 18 . On the holder 66 several fastening rods 68 are arranged distributed over the circumference, which serve to hold the funnel-shaped guide elements 12 . The fastening rods 68 extend vertically through the entire container 10 and are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 for reasons of clarity.

In FIG. 4, the arrangement of the funnel-shaped guiding elements 12 is illustrated between the tubular support 18 and the cylindrical outer wall of the container 10 vividly. The function of the guide elements 12 and the shown Umlenkein directions 14 a and 14 i corresponds to the principle explained in connection with FIG. 1.

The lower region of the device 50 according to the invention can be seen in FIG. 5. The lower region is essentially formed by a base 80 , which is flanged on the underside to form an annular inlet 82 for supplying the washing fluid into the container 10 . Within the floor 80 extends a base bracket 84 on which the tubular support 18 is supported and a lower Hal ter 70 for receiving the fastening rods 68 is rotatably mounted.

The bottom 80 also has an approximately conical tub 86 which opens into a spout (not shown) for discharging the mixture of substances treated.

In Figs. 6 and 7 are opportunities for the guiding elements 12 as well as the alternative Ausgestaltungsmög Umlenkeinrich obligations 14 a and 14 shown i. The corresponding design of the guiding elements and the deflection devices has to be carried out taking into account the quantity and the properties of the substances to be introduced.

In addition to a rotationally symmetrical structure of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 1, a box-shaped structure with a honeycomb-like arrangement of the displacement chambers can alternatively be provided. In Fig. 8 a schematic section of such a device is shown. As can be seen in FIG. 8, this arrangement is based on two different parts, namely a double-folded sheet as guide element 12 and a simple angle sheet 30 . The double-folded baffle is designed so that it can be produced as a simple profile and forms the honeycomb structure through mirror-inverted installation. For shaping the direction of the flow device and the inlet channel 26 , the angle plate 30 is arranged.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 8, a net-shaped mass flow 5 results, the flow of the washing fluid to the mass flow being identified by the reference number 7 . In this arrangement, a flow of the mass flow 5 that is as swirl-free as possible is supported in that an upper boundary 16 is formed above a region of the guide element 12 , along which the mass flow 5 flows. This limit 16 can be provided not only in the illustrated honeycomb shape, but also in any other device according to the invention.

Another embodiment of the invention with a honeycomb-shaped arrangement of the displacement chambers is shown in Fig. 9 Darge. The mixture of substances is fed through tubes 92 with a lower gap 94 as evenly as possible to the displacement chambers. The displaced material component and part of the washing liquid collect in the head zone 90 and leave the device according to the invention via the outlet 91 .

Claims (14)

1. Separation process in which
a mixture of substances with at least one substance component to be separated is introduced on one side of a container ( 10 ), the mixture of substances flowing through the container ( 10 ) under the action of a gravitational field to a side opposite in the gravitational direction,
a washing fluid is passed through the container ( 10 ) in a counterflow,
the washing fluid displaces the substance components from the substance mixture and
the displaced substance component is removed on the side of the container ( 10 ) at which the substance mixture is introduced,
characterized by
that the mixture of substances is passed through the container ( 10 ) as a continuous flow of quantity ( 5 ), largely avoiding turbulence,
that the mass flow ( 5 ) is guided along guide elements ( 12 ) which are arranged at an oblique angle to the direction of the gravitational field,
that the washing fluid in areas between the Leitele elements ( 12 ) and the flow flowing along it ( 5 ) is parallel and rectified to this ge, and
that a displacement area is formed in which the washing fluid flows through it without a substantial deflection of the mass flow ( 5 ) and at least partially displaces the substance component. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of displacing the material component according to a desired degree of purity is carried out several times in the container ( 10 ) in displacement chambers ( 20 ) which are arranged in the gravitational direction cascade on top of another. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that according to a desired flow rate, the process of displacing the substance component in the loading container ( 10 ) in displacement chambers ( 20 ) is carried out, which are arranged alongside one another transversely to the direction of gravity. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in
that a rotationally symmetrical container ( 10 ) and funnel-shaped guide elements ( 12 ) are used, an annularly closed mass flow ( 5 ) being generated, and
that the washing fluid flows through the ring-shaped closed flow ( 5 ) from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that movement energy is specifically introduced into the container ( 10 ) by means of a movement member. 6. Device for separating substances, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a container ( 10 ) which comprises at least two displacement chambers ( 20 ) for receiving and separating a mixture of substances with at least one substance component to be separated Each end has a guide element ( 12 ), an opening for passing a mass flow ( 5 ) of the substance mixture and a flow device ( 26 ) for supplying a washing fluid,
characterized,
that the opening is designed as a feed channel ( 22 ), through which the mass flow can flow to an adjacent guide element ( 12 ) largely without turbulence,
that the flow device ( 26 ) for supplying the washing fluid is arranged between the supply channel ( 22 ) and the adjoining guide element ( 12 ) and
that the flow device ( 26 ) is designed in coordination with the supply channel ( 22 ), so that in a displacement area the mass flow ( 5 ) runs largely parallel to the washing fluid supplied, largely avoiding turbulence, with a displacement surface approximately parallel to the Volume flow ( 5 ) is formed. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of displacement chambers ( 20 ) one above the other and / or are arranged side by side. 8. The device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the flow ( 5 ) to the feed channel ( 22 ) can be conducted through the guide element ( 12 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the container ( 10 ) is rotationally symmetrical and the Lei telemente ( 12 ) are funnel-shaped. 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in
that a tubular support ( 18 ) is arranged in the container ( 10 ) and
that deflecting elements ( 14 a) and ( 14 i) are provided on an inner wall of the container ( 10 ) and the support ( 18 ). 11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that a movement member is provided in the container ( 10 ). 12. Device according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the guide elements ( 12 ) are designed as guide plates. 13. Device according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the displacement chambers ( 20 ) are constructed as modules of the same structure. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized, that the modules are arranged like a honeycomb.