DE10026835B4 - Circuit arrangement and method for avoiding deep charge states in lead batteries in battery-buffered electrical systems, in particular in rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Circuit arrangement for avoiding deep discharge in lead batteries in battery-buffered electrical systems, in particular in rail vehicles, the discharge current, the total accumulator voltage or partial voltages and the electrolyte temperature being recorded, evaluated by an evaluation circuit (2) and used as a switch-off criterion for switching off consumers
- At least one battery block (1.1, 1.2) is formed and has a plurality of battery cells, the battery block (1.1, 1.2) being assigned a block transmitter (1.3, 1.4) and the block transmitter (1.3, 1.4) being designed to measure the block voltage or To make cell voltage and the electrolyte temperature of the battery cell or the battery block (1.1, 1.2) available to the evaluation circuit (2),
A battery current sensor (1.5) arranged in the battery line is designed to detect the battery current and to make it available to the evaluation circuit (2),
- the evaluation circuit (2),
a) has a logical combination and timing circuit (2.4),
b) is designed to evaluate the battery current detected by the battery current sensor (1.5) with regard to the current direction and at the beginning ...

Description

The The invention relates to a circuit arrangement, in particular for current and temperature dependent Battery voltage monitoring, especially for lead acid batteries in auxiliary operating systems of rail vehicles.

It is known for the battery voltage monitoring in buffered electrical systems for rail vehicle construction Avoiding deep discharges of voltage-dependent minimum voltage cut-offs use.

The DE 38 22 021 C1 shows a typical circuit arrangement for minimum voltage monitoring. An adjustable comparator measures the battery voltage with a relatively high resistance and switches off the consumers operated on the battery when a voltage falls below a typical value for the discharge state. In the event of brief interruptions in the battery voltage in the event of start-up processes or load connections, there is a time delay which prevents the trigger arrangement from responding.

For stationary battery systems are complex computer-based Measuring arrangements known, the battery voltage, battery current and monitor the current state of charge. In the etz, issue 19/1998, pages 28 to 29, the system "Batlog" from Digatron for complex battery voltage monitoring described in its principle mode of action. Here are the block voltages and the battery current via appropriate measuring modules captured and over a remote data transmission sent to the host computer. Software is installed in the host computer which evaluates and visualizes the data.

Around the availability of batteries for Secure UPS (uninterruptible power supplies) and lifetime costs in the etz, issue 4/1996, pages 18 to 22, is a computer-aided battery management described that an optimal operating regime for charging and the minimum voltage shutdown by capturing the operational and Enables environmental parameters. The data recorded with the measuring modules is sent to one of the Central computer fed for evaluation and evaluated in this.

considered the total voltage-dependent, previously used in rail vehicles or multi-stage minimum voltage shutdown, so have the known Systems have the disadvantage that the discharge current as well as a number of Environmental parameters have no influence on the switch-off value and thus damage can occur through deep discharge of individual cells and blocks, though the specified threshold was met exactly. Continue to be Asymmetry of the individual cells or blocks not recorded.

In stationary Systems monitor the batteries with the corresponding effort. Measuring modules for the relevant parameters of the cell or blocks are prepared electrically and in a central computer using appropriate software evaluated. It makes sense to have these systems with a controllable one charger coupled to an optimal overall operating regime for the accumulator to ensure.

This Enable systems the optimal charging regime and complex monitoring, but are in the Rail vehicle in the event of high unloading stress due to the high Own energy consumption unfavorable. With the activation of the deep discharge protection, the consumer current Values of the order of magnitude of the discharge currents exhibit. These discharge currents but are in rail vehicles due to different operating regimes, such as B. Summer, winter, day and night operation very different.

The Deep discharge protection as well as the graduated consumer circuit in rail vehicles as a safety-relevant assembly with the highest dimensions in reliability and circuit independence required so that the avoidance of deep discharge conditions is safe guaranteed is.

DE 39 36 638 C1 describes a method for securing the electrical energy supply in a motor vehicle. The electrical consumers, which are not absolutely necessary for the safe operation of the motor vehicle, are divided into groups, the consumers of these individual groups being switched off as a function of the state of charge of the battery or being provided with reduced power as a result of pulsed current supply.

The object of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement and a method for monitoring the battery voltage, with which the disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated, the deep discharge of lead-acid batteries being prevented with a minimum of circuitry outlay with an extremely low internal power requirement, with relatively intact batteries a precautionary deep discharge in a relatively short time, which is not excluded with the previously known arrangements and in which the risk of premature Zer Malfunction of the battery can not be avoided and the circuit arrangement works with high reliability and can be produced at low cost and the use of this circuit arrangement should be robust and robust.

The Object is by a circuit arrangement according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 6 solved. Refinements are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

A Circuit arrangement to avoid deep discharge Lead batteries, especially those in auxiliary operating systems from Rail vehicles, can be designed in particular as follows be: The circuit arrangement is designed, the discharge current, the total accumulator voltage or partial voltages as well as the electrolyte temperature to use as a switch-off criterion. With a concrete design are battery blocks via block transmitters and a battery current sensor enclosed in the battery lead connected to an evaluation circuit. The evaluation circuit consists of analog value detectors, a logical link and timer and drivers. The logic and timing circuit consists of Timers, from a logic logic and a CAN-BUS interface. Non-negated exits of the Analog value detectors are with a set input of the first timer and a negated output of the analog value detector is with blocking inputs of the first timer connected, the output of the last set input and the output of the last blocking input with the logic logic are connected and the link logic via a CAN-BUS is connected to a control system and the link and timer over the drivers and a direct bus with consumer groups, warning signal and flagging are connected. A driver is also included a main battery contactor connected. Through these links determine the voltage, current, temperature and level the cells and the installed time regime the main criteria for the shutdown, and a preliminary decision is made for the deep discharge state.

D. that is, the block voltage or cell voltage and the electrolyte temperature the cell or block and the total current of an evaluation circuit supplied the voltage, the current, the temperature and the Level of Cells as a significant signal are the main criteria for shutdown determine and a preliminary decision is made for the low load condition.

• – Bei Ausfall des Ladekriteriums werden zumindest zwei aufeinanderfolgende, den jeweiligen Verbrauchergruppen zugeordnete Zeitstufen geschaltet, die durch das Tiefentladekriterium der Blocktransmitter priorisiert werden, d. h., dass der zeitliche Ablauf beim Erreichen des Tiefentladezustandes verkürzt oder abgebrochen wird und somit die jeweilige Stufe die entsprechende Verbrauchergruppe abschaltet.
• – Der Tiefentladezustand wird äusserlich durch Schauzeichen signalisiert und vor dem Abschalten des Batteriehauptschützes wird eine Schaltfunktion ausgelöst, durch die das Zugschlusssignal gesetzt wird.
• – Die Wartungsmassnahmen werden durch eine Eingabetastatur der Auswerteschaltung für eine Dokumentation in einem in der Zeichnung nicht näher dargestellten Historienspeicher abrufbar abgelegt.
• – Nach dem Erreichen des Tiefentladezustandes ist der nächste Ladezyklus zwangsweise als Ausgleichsladung ausgeprägt.
• – Über eine Bus-Schnittstellenschaltung kann der Inhalt des Historienspeichers der Auswerteschaltung abgerufen werden.
• – Die Steuerstromversorgung generiert in an sich bekannter Weise Signale zur Datensicherung und danach nimmt die Abschaltung aller Schaltungsteile der Auswerte- und Transmitterschaltung mit Ausnahme eines stromarmen Freigabetriggers vor.
• – Ein Freigabetrigger aktiviert mit dem Erscheinen des richtigen Ausgleichsladestromes eine Zeitschleife für die erforderliche Ausgleichsladezeit und ein Betriebsfreigabesignal erfolgt erst nach Ablauf dieser Zeit.
• – Vor der Abschaltung durch die Merkmale der Tiefentladung wird ein Vorankündigungssignal generiert, das die Ausgabe einer Warnmeldung zum Einleiten einer Normalladung ermöglicht.
• – Nach dem Erreichen des Tiefentladekriteriums wirkt eine Verriegelung bis zum Ende der Ausgleichsladung.

The following processes are determined and possible with this circuit arrangement:

• - If the charging criterion fails, at least two consecutive time stages assigned to the respective consumer groups are switched, which are prioritized by the deep discharge criterion of the block transmitters, i.e. the time sequence is shortened or aborted when the deep discharge state is reached and the respective stage thus switches off the corresponding consumer group.
• - The deep discharge status is indicated externally by indicators and a switching function is triggered before the main battery contactor is switched off, by means of which the train termination signal is set.
• - The maintenance measures are stored on an input keyboard of the evaluation circuit for documentation in a history memory, not shown in the drawing.
• - After the deep discharge state has been reached, the next charging cycle is forced to take the form of a compensating charge.
• - The content of the history memory of the evaluation circuit can be called up via a bus interface circuit.
• - The control power supply generates signals for data backup in a manner known per se and then switches off all circuit parts of the evaluation and transmitter circuit with the exception of a low-current release trigger.
• - With the appearance of the correct equalization charging current, an enable trigger activates a time loop for the required equalization charging time and an operating enable signal only takes place after this time has expired.
• - Before being switched off by the characteristics of deep discharge, a pre-announcement signal is generated which enables the issuing of a warning message to initiate a normal charge.
• - After reaching the deep discharge criterion, a lock is active until the end of the equalization charge.

For every consumer group a certain minimum operating time is required in the rail vehicle. According to the circuit arrangement during discharge operation (none Charge) timers activated, which sequentially the Consumers of the corresponding comfort levels after the expiry of the Switch off the required operating time.

The last consumer group is switched off by the actual deep discharge protection. If one of the cells or blocks reaches the accumulator-specific switch-off criterion, taking into account the total current, the electrolyte temperature and the voltage, all those that are still supplied are switched off Consumer. Before this final shutdown is triggered, the circuit sends out a warning signal to enable the operator to react (pre-warning level).

Should timings the higher Comfort levels have not yet ended, they are replaced by the Prewarning stage ended.

With when the deep discharge stage is switched off, indicators are set, which signal the deep discharge status to the operator. This Indicators do not consume any electrical energy after setting. In the event of deep discharge, an equalizing charge is required. Therefore the set indicators are only reset, if the required equalization charging current via a is detected for a correspondingly long period of time. After the equalization charge the individual consumer groups released again. During the Equalization charges separate the consumers from the battery.

The The invention can advantageously be used in railroad operation with the most varied Operating regimes, such as summer, winter, day and night operation become.

The Invention is based on an embodiment explained in more detail. In the associated drawings demonstrate:

1 : a diagram of the dependencies between cell voltage, the amount of electricity drawn and the charging current in a lead accumulator with armored plates,

2 : the circuit arrangement of the embodiment,

3 : the logical logic and timing circuit.

A characteristic field typical for the vehicle backup batteries shows the 1 , It can be seen from this that monitoring only the total battery voltage does not offer adequate deep discharge protection.

According to 2 the circuit arrangement consists of a battery box 1 with battery blocks connected in series 1.1 . 1.2 and the associated block transmitters 1.3 . 1.4 and a battery current sensor 1.5 , The circuit arrangement also consists of an evaluation circuit 2 with analog value detector 2.1 . 2.2 for the block transmitter 1.3 respectively. 1.4 and an analog value recorder 2.3 for the Hall-based battery current sensor installed in the battery cable 1.5 , This battery current sensor 1.5 has a high overload capacity so as not to be destroyed by high currents and possible short circuits. The outputs of the analog value recorders 2.1 . 2.2 and 2.3 are with a logic logic and timing circuit 2.4 connected. The outputs of the logic and timing circuit 2.4 are about drivers 2.5 . 2.6 and 2.7 with a direct bus 3 connected. The logic and timing circuit 2.4 is via a CAN-BUS interface 2.4.1 with a CAN-BUS 4 connected. The output of the driver 2.5 is also with a battery main contactor 5 directly connected. The CAN-BUS4 is with a control system 6 and a charger 7 connected to CAN interface. The direct bus 3 leads to switching elements of consumer groups I ,. II and III as well as a pre-warning signal and an indicator. A resistance R _L symbolizes the overall consumer level.

The outputs of the block transmitters 1.3 . 1.4 and the output of the battery current sensor 1.5 are over multi-wire lines 8.1 . 8.2 and 8.3 with the inputs of the analog value detectors 2.1 . 2.2 respectively. 2.3 connected.

According to 3 there is the logical combination and time switching 2.4 in particular from time switches connected in series 2.4.2 . 2.4.3 to 2.4.4 as well as from a logic logic 2.4.5 , The timers 2.4.2 to 2.4.4 have set inputs S and blocking inputs R ₁ and R ₂ . The blocking inputs R _{1 of} the timer 2.4.2 to 2.4.4 are with the logic logic 2.4.5 and the blocking inputs R _{2 of} the timers 2.4.2 to 2.4.4 are with a negated output A of the analog value detector 2.3 connected. A non-negated output A of the analog value detector 2.3 is with the setting input S of the first timer 2.4.2 and the output of the timer 2.4.2 is with the set input S of the second timer 2.4.3 and the subsequent timers 2.4.4 or connected in the same way. The last timer 2.4.4 in this chain is with the link logic 2.4.5 connected. The switching outputs of the logic logic 2.4.5 are with the CAN-BUS interface 2.4.1 as well as with the inputs of the drivers 2.5 . 2.6 and 2.7 connected.

The 2 and 3 show the monitoring of the battery blocks 1.1 . 1.2 with a 24 V accumulator (vehicle backup battery) in traction vehicles. The block voltage has a nominal value of 12 V. The type of battery to be monitored is a closed lead accumulator with grid or armor plates.

The evaluation of the signals from the block transmitter 1.3 . 1.4 and the battery current sensor 1.5 in the evaluation circuit 2 is done in the following way: The block transmitter 1.3 . 1.4 lie a link signal consisting of voltage, electrolyte temperature, level and acid density. The battery current sensor 1.5 based on Hall, precisely records the relatively low currents relevant for deep discharge. When the loading criterion is reached, consumer groups I, II, III are released. These consumer groups I, II, III are divided into comfort levels. The charging criterion is based on the current direction of the battery current sensor 1.5 derived. Feeds the battery pack 1.1 and 1.2 , this is evaluated as the discharge criterion, and the logic operation and timing 2.4 and CAN-BUS interface 2.4.1 for the highest comfort level (consumer group I) is activated. If the battery is only supplied when starting or switching on, the first time switch is reset when the current direction is reversed. The circuits of consumer group I are interrupted after a time of 1.2 h determined for these battery types. When consumer group I is switched off, the time lapse for consumer group II begins. After a discharge time of 0.5 hours, this consumer group II is also removed from the battery blocks 1.1 . 1.2 Cut. As the last stage, consumer group III remains on the feeding battery blocks 1.1 . 1.2 , The signals from the block transmitter 1.3 . 1.4 are with the discharge current in the logic operation and time circuit 2.4 and CAN-BUS interface 2.4.1 linked in such a way that a discharge voltage-dependent block voltage is formed, which together with the temperature results in the switch-off criterion. Here are the characteristics of the battery blocks 1.1 . 1.2 in a corresponding manner in the evaluation circuit 2 implemented. If the water level has dropped so far that cell damage is possible, the output signal starts to cycle, a warning signal is generated and the operator is informed accordingly. In the exemplary embodiment, this warning signal is via the CAN bus 4 available. For this purpose, a CAN card is in the evaluation circuit 2 integrated. The corresponding switching commands are output via the drivers 2.5 . 2.6 . 2.7 , If the deep discharge criterion for consumer groups I and II is reached before the times have expired, the time sequences will be drastically shortened. Before that, however, the driver 2.6 activated for the pre-warning signal. The evaluation circuit 2 is powered by a control power supply 9 fed in a known manner. This control power supply 9 has an energy-saving mode, which is activated when the minimum voltage is undershot.

This circuit arrangement contains a system with which it is possible that, if the charging criterion fails, at least two successive time stages assigned to the respective consumer groups I, II, III are switched, which are determined by the deep discharge criterion of the block transmitter 1.3 . 1.4 be prioritized, that is, that the time sequence when the deep discharge state is reached is shortened or interrupted, and thus the respective stage switches off the corresponding consumer group I, II, III. - The deep discharge status is indicated externally by indicators and a switching function is triggered before the main battery contactor is switched off, by means of which the train termination signal is set. Maintenance measures are carried out using an input keyboard of the evaluation circuit 2 stored for a documentation in a history memory not shown in the drawing. After the deep discharge state has been reached, the next charging cycle is forced to take the form of a compensating charge. The content of the history memory of the evaluation circuit can be accessed via a bus interface circuit 2 be retrieved. The control power supply 9 generates signals for data backup in a manner known per se and then switches off all circuit parts of the evaluation circuit 2 in front. A release trigger 10 activates a time loop for the required equalization charging time when the required equalization charging current is reached and activates an operating enable signal after this time has elapsed. Before the deep discharge features switch off, a pre-announcement signal is generated which enables the issuing of a warning message to initiate a normal charge. After reaching the deep discharge criterion, a lock is active until the end of the equalization charge.

1

battery box

1.1

battery pack

1.2

battery pack

1.3

block transmitter

1.4

block transmitter

1.5

Battery Current Sensor

2

evaluation

2.1

Data logger (for block transmitters 1.3 )

2.2

Data logger (for block transmitters 1.4 )

2.3

Data logger (for battery current sensor 1.5 )

2.4

logical Verknüpfungs- and timer

2.4.1

CAN-BUS interface

2.4.2

Timer (t ₁ )

2.4.3

Timer (t ₂ )

2.4.4

Timer (t _n )

2.4.5

O logic

2.5

driver (for battery protection and indicator)

2.6

driver (for pre-warning signal)

2.7

driver (for consumer groups A, B, C)

3

direct bus

4

CAN-BUS

5

Battery main contactor

6

Control System

7

Charger (with CAN interface)

8.1

Multi-wire lines (block transmitter 1.3 )

8.2

Multi-wire lines (block transmitter 1.4 )

8.3

Multi-wire lines (battery current sensor 1.5 )

9

Control power supply (with energy saving mode)

10

release trigger

A

non-negated output (from data logger 2.3 )

A

negated output (from data logger 2.3 )

R _L

resistance

R1

blocking input

R2

blocking input

S

setting input

I

consumer group

II

consumer group

III

consumer group

Claims (7)

Circuit arrangement for avoiding deep discharge in the case of lead batteries in battery-buffered electrical systems, in particular in rail vehicles, the discharge current, the total accumulator voltage or partial voltages and the electrolyte temperature being recorded by an evaluation circuit ( 2 ) are evaluated and used as a switch-off criterion for switching off consumers, whereby - at least one battery block ( 1.1 . 1.2 ) is formed and has a plurality of battery cells, the battery block ( 1.1 . 1.2 ) a block transmitter ( 1.3 . 1.4 ) and where the block transmitter ( 1.3 . 1.4 ) is configured, the block voltage or cell voltage and the electrolyte temperature of the battery cell or the battery block ( 1.1 . 1.2 ) of the evaluation circuit ( 2 ) - a battery current sensor located in the battery cable ( 1.5 ) is designed to detect the battery current and the evaluation circuit ( 2 ) to make available - the evaluation circuit ( 2 ), a) a logical logic and timing circuit ( 2.4 ), b) is configured, the from the battery current sensor ( 1.5 ) evaluate the detected battery current with regard to the current direction and at the start of a discharge of the battery pack ( 1.1 . 1.2 ) the logical logic and timing circuit ( 2.4 ) to activate, - the logical logic and timing circuit ( 2.4 ) is configured, c) at the beginning of the discharge of the battery pack ( 1.1 . 1.2 ) to start a time sequence of a defined length for a first consumer group and to switch off the first consumer group after the time has elapsed when the battery is being fed; To switch off the consumer group according to the time lapse, and e) to shorten or abort the time lapse or the time laps if the switch-off criterion formed using the discharge current, the voltage and the temperature is met, ie when the lead acid battery has reached a deep discharge state. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the logic combination and timing circuit ( 2.4 ) logic logic ( 2.4.5 ) and at least two consecutive time switches forming a chain ( 2.4.2 . 2.4.3 . 2.4.4 ) with the logic logic ( 2.4.5 ) are connected. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the logic logic ( 2.4.5 ) via a CAN bus ( 4 ) to a control system ( 6 ) connected. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the logical combination and timing circuit ( 2.4 ) about drivers ( 2.5 . 2.6 . 2.7 ) and a direct bus ( 3 ) is connected to consumer groups. Circuit arrangement according to the preceding claim, wherein the output of one of the drivers ( 2.5 ) with a main battery contactor ( 5 ) connected is. Procedures for avoiding deep discharge at Lead batteries in battery-backed electrical systems, in particular in rail vehicles, - in which the discharge current, the total accumulator voltage or partial voltages as well as the electrolyte temperature recorded, evaluated and for a switch-off criterion be used, - in which at the start of feeding consumers from the lead battery a time lapse of a fixed length for a first consumer group the first consumer group is started and if the battery is continuously supplied is switched off after the time has elapsed, - being with the shutdown the first group of consumers a second time of a fixed Length for a second Consumer group is started and with continued battery supply the second consumer group is switched off after the time has elapsed, - if the using the discharge current, voltage and temperature formed switch-off criterion, i.e. when a deep discharge condition is reached the lead battery, the timing or the timing are shortened or can be canceled prematurely. A method according to claim 6, wherein a discharge current in the formation of the switch-off criterion dependent battery block voltage is formed.