DD301566A5 - Process for recycling fluorescent lamps and lamp breakage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for disassembly / disposal of fluorescent lamps and their breakage. Applications are primarily the processing technology for such unusable products and the environmental protection technology for the recycling of mercury and pollutant-containing waste products. The method is based on a selective decomposition of the fluorescent lamps into their components. Specifically, this is done by the process steps: Abort the pump tubes, removing the base and sorted separation into its components, tilting the fluorescent lamp center tube for mercury recovery, sieve drums of fragments for separating the phosphor and residual mercury, continuous mercury ausheiz the phosphor and the preparation of the lamp ends. Sub-steps of the method are also applicable to fluorescent lamps of any shape or lamp break. The process is shown in the process scheme. Processing technology; Lamp components; Lamp end processing; Fluorescent separation; fluorescent lamps; Mercury output heating; Mercury recovery; Screening drums; Entsockeln; Recycling; Environmental protection}

Description

_] unusgobiet the invention

gdung is used for the treatment of unusable and used fluorescent lamps and their breakage. The warranty may include both bailout warranties of such products as well as special disposal facilities. Various ancestor steps have been applied in the Umwolt technique. They are also in the Uing / disposal anderor mercury or pollutant-containing light sources einsotzbar.

irlütik of the well-known Slandosdor Tochnik

_(M for processing gobrauchsunfähiger and spent fluorescent lamps were initially developed oiner only under the ^ point gofahrlosen Zerlogung and oiner most subsequent separation of the ecologically _n chon Quocksilbors. So in the patent specification GB 2086250 (B02C 13/06) a crushing plant for the j ₍ So disposing of individual waste lamp described.) By oino water atomization is mercury in ei no drip tray j | A recycling andoror Materialion except mercury does not occur.

_e ntschrift SU 506080 (H 01J 9/50) Bosch rubs Oine apparatus for Zorkloinorung unusable mercury., Illen. This is oin machine Zorkleinorn larger amounts of waste lamps boi simultaneous washing out of the Jbers with water possible. Cino further processing of the washed glass breakage is due dor contained therein _e iln not vorgosohon, In dor patent specification JA 52 Ί8577 (C 22 B 43/00) is gion the crushed glass material with water, and thereafter the lotzton Quocksilborspuron be removed by acid treatment. The wash water must always be .cmischon subjected to aftertreatment.

Although relatively volatile, it was obvious to remove mercury thermally from the sizu instead of a washing process, especially since the costs for the washing processes by the subsequent water treatment are 2 to 3 times higher than in the case of the processes. A thermal baking regime after breaking fluorescent lamps is shown in document S 7804104 (C22B43 / 00).

In order to remove mercury, the mercury has been expelled so far that the lampon fracture can subsequently be sent to every landfill.

suffering disadvantage, however, lies in the fact that without prior separation of Lampenbgstandteilen hen the lamps large quantities of glass and metal parts are heated, which could be made much cheaper at a previous disassembly l 'h. First approaches to this are in the patent EP 0248198 (H01J 9/00) ai of a method for thermal Ausheizon the lamp break is preceded by a magnetic separation for removing the eerials. However, in most cases fluorescent lamps have aluminum bases, so separation is virtually impossible.

Qren for complete recovery of the metal-free center tube of fluorescent lamps is described in the patent i38 (HOU 5/14). In the method, the lamp is first vented, separated in a known manner by ftiock diu ends and de-phosphor blown out of the central tube with compressed air. The fluorescent and non-corrosive middle tube is passed through a crusher and the resulting glass fragments of the glass production are again set to I ^. Also in a message from the company. OSRAM in light 41 (1989) 5, p.336-337 describes such a fingsanlage in which the phosphor is blown out of the central tube. Fluorescent and lamp ends fed here special waste landfill. The described methods allow the almost complete return of the eses and allow a mercury recovery on thermal ways, without the entire bulb glass must be with h.

^ ¹ to the previously known method is that only on a recycling of Kolbenglasos and mercury> tt is. After the separation of the lamp ends with the sockets thereon, it is very difficult to achieve a degree of transparency in their glazing. Thus, a recovery of the aluminum from the base sleeve and Jaus the base pins is hardly possible. Without first separating the base of the lamp ends and Ande steps for further processing dsr Lampanenden into their components and the removal dos mercury can only be reached ^v m effort.

A significant disadvantage of the blowing out of phosphor is the high energy consumption due to the use of compressed air. It is created by filtering off the mercury-containing phosphor. The method for blowing the cffes is further associated with the disadvantage that in case of premature rupture of the center tube, resulting from ¹ then or thermal loads, there is no possibility for phosphor removal and thus eliminates the honors.

Manufacturers generally use an adhesive to increase the adhesion of the phosphor layer. Thus, bubbles of the phosphor are certain limits, as in a well-adhering layer after blowing separated 'ff remains in finely divided stripes. The result is an increased proportion of mercury-containing phosphor in the ^a bulb glass.

fflampen that are unusable after the preparation, the metered-in on mercury contained in a visible light in de ^r bead. In the known methods, this pearl is used with the phosphor Sen, since a possibility for the previous recovery is not provided in the process. The result is an increased ι mercury in the phosphor, which can only be removed later.

F'findung

 'Object of the invention, by suitable process steps, the treatment of unusable and spent flames of any shape or even lamp breakage in a weitgohonden recycling of the starting materials Jen. The formation of mercury-containing and pollutant-containing waste products are too premature and the amount of waste produced is lower. Recycling is to be made possible from bulb glass, lead glass, mercury, phosphor, aluminum and various counterparts. Known processes are used to process the lamps of any shape and their lamp breakage. A high proportion of recyclable material is expected to reduce the environmental impact of mercury and lutvolumone.

¹ H) of the essence of the invention

^ d of the advanced of the known processes for the treatment / disposal of fluorescent lamps in which rich part of mercury-containing waste hazardous waste landfills must be supplied, the share of waste products fit is still about 15% and the disposal of mercury-containing Lamponbruchos is not possible, stood the to develop a procedure that

ι the processing of whole rod or other shaped fluorescent lamps as well as any lamp break allows extensive treatment reduces the proportion of landfills to landfill to a 10% and thus avoids the environment ontlastet tidermülldeponien to be spilled waste products

Superior separation of reusable material ion ensures comprehensive recycling.

Accordingly, the object is achieved by a method which combines a combination of known and novel method steps as follows:

IQO will enter an entire, rod-shaped fluorescent lamps, according to length and. ngsstuff. sorted, fed. First precursor step for unamped bulbs is the breaking off of the pump tubes that have been collected asbruch. Evacuated fluorescent lamps are first ventilated in a known manner. In the next novel method step, sealed lamps will be

'ung ungested and unsocked by a patented device (H 01 J, 3407176). The socle-free socket casings are removed and collected, the composite insulating bar with Ø is removed by further crushing the insulating bar After a pneumatic break of the insulating bar, dummy pins are removed and collected.

nprohrfreien or ventilated, pedestal free lamps are now the ends "t on both sides in a known manner. The verbleihende Mittelf ear is lifted on one side while advancing to a further novel 'separate tep therein mercury beads located, which are re-used after cleaning. There ^r' doinerung of Middle tube in a known manner in a crusher, in which case annular fragments are to be avoided, ³ to ensure consistency of the subsequent, novel process step.

¹ / experienced step, the shards go through with a residence time § 3min a rotating screen drum; by the choking effect, the adhering phosphor is scraped off and excreted. The adhesive with the phosphor adhesive ^IC mercury residue is thus also removed from the shards. The cleaned Kolbönglasscherben are fed "i and the remelting.

"Tnten lamp ends are also crushed by a further breaker to be released in a second screening drum Vtoff and residual mercury. Again annular fragments are excluded. The Varweilzeit ¹¹ OSOR sieve drum S 2min. From a second, as a lock formed with coarse crusher input location can ¹ Crushers arranged on the second screening drum are supplied with fragments of non-rod-shaped fluorescent lamps and "ch. Dio cleaning of these broken pieces is analogous to the lamp end break. purified lamp and lamp end breakage, in the next process step through a ^5; heather method, the metal-containing lead glass shards from the frame parts rest deposited. This piece of broken glass is delivered "ick.

Isch deposited lead glass frame parts are supplied together with the in a fluorescent lamp manufacturing ι rack breakage in the following process step of a roll crusher combination in which the lead glass is crushed to iß. From the resulting mixture of lead glass semolina and a metal tangle of power supply lines, spirals, holding wires and Abschirmringen the metal parts are also by a Magnetabscheideverfahren 3 as Mischschro't (Fe, Cu, Ni and W containing) recycled. The largely foreign body-free is fed to the remelting of the glass industry.

Sieve drums deposited mercury-containing phosphor glass splinter mixture is heated in the last new step in a Trohrohrofen in a continuous process at 500 ⁰ C with a residence time of about 3 min. The e mercury vapor, supported by an inert gas flow of about 1 m ³ / h, sucked out of the furnace chamber and ihlung condensed. The recovered mercury can be reused after a cleanup. Iberhaltigen filter residues of the suction system required for the dry process are the same indelt.

η as pollutant-free waste products in this process only insulating breakage, metal-free mixed glass breakage and ^: to, which can be supplied together to any landfill.

gsbeispiel

; Process Schemes verden the Pumprohro a fluorescent lamp removed on both sides. Evacuated flames are vented Pos2. In a further step Pos3, the separation of the connection point power supply e by cutting, thermal desoldering, thermal cutting or grinding takes place in a further step Pos3 for the recovery of pedestal pins which is the aim in later processing steps. When using Istromzuführungen this step is obsolete, as well as the base pins preferably made of non-ferrous alloys

. Lampenenden be separated from the fluorescent lamp, a Entsockel- and Zerlegevorrichtung is effective, τι operation solves the base of the lamp and at the same time in socket sleeves, insulating bars and the composite / base pins separates, Pos4. The foreign body-free base sleeves (predominantly an aluminum alloy) can be used as a secondary raw material without any consolidation process. Removing the pedestals from the fluorescent lamps in front of the ends; an amalgam formation.

nd insulating bar / base pins is fed to a pin mill and digested in it Pos5. The digested iockelstifte / lf olierstegbruch) now enters a pneumatic separator that separates the Isolierstegbruch from the en, Pos6.

Loose fluorescent lamp is then moved by thermal break-off of the lamp ends Defreit, Pos 7, and the ide center tube at an angle to the horizontal, whereby the 3rperlen in it are removed and collected separately, PosO.

eating spiny crusher, the center tube is crushed into pieces, Poe 9, dio fed a screen drum.

expensive circulation of the shards in this sieve drum is carried out by the scrubbing effect of the bodies with each other and separate discharge of the phosphor and with this also the adhesively connected to the phosphor Brs, Pos 10. The resulting glass shards residue is completely foreign body υηα again as secondary raw material. The resulting in Pos7 lamp ends are subjected to a further digestion and separation process.

in a two-roll crusher with spiked rollers, which carries out a partial digestion in flasks and lids with flask glass residues, item 11.

indige digestion of the lead glass racks from the flask glass is carried out in the adjoining screen drum, Pos12, the g by the scrubbing effect, a separation of the mercury-prone phosphor from the piston glass shards

itabscheider separates the metal-containing lead glass frame parts from the flask glass shards and residual base putty, Pos 13. This is with residual base putty and low lead glass components is no longer subject to mercury and landfill waste.

Sorted out lead glass frame parts then go into a roll crusher combination, Pos 14, in which a conclusion. The result is a mixture of contiguous power supply, holding wires, igen. Spirals and lead glass semolina.

Magnetically adjacent subsequent Magnetabscheideverfahren, Pos15, separates these metallic components of the lead glass semolina, at Pos 17 is also resulting frame break from the fluorescent lamp production. The lead glass semolina and the sch are collected and sent for recycling.

Lamp breakage caused by juchtstofflamper.production as well as non-rod-shaped lamps are fed to it, item 18. About encased conveyor belts, the resulting breakage as the lamp ends is the breakers supplied with spiked rollers, pos 11th

drumming, Pos 10 and 12, resulting mercury-containing phosphor-Glasgrieß mixture is a rotary kiln ler in a continuous process, the thermal annealing of mercury allows, Pos 16. The afflicted filter residues of the extraction system are treated as well. The resulting mercury vapor is passed through condenser through condenser. The heated mixture is discharged as a waste product or collected (in lamps).

The use of shards, socket sleeves, insulating bar / pedestal stiffener and pump stems between the individual units or g means that conveyor belts are used in all places where mercury-containing material is present. The phosphor is transported in the screw conveyors. The two sieve drums are also housed and made of a transport system for mercury-containing material connected to a suction system, plant serves to comply with the legally prescribed workplace concentration of mercury in η while cleaning the exhaust air of phosphor dust and mercury vapor. The deposition of it is done with cascaded filter combinations, while the subsequent mercury removal occurs according to DD-WP B 01 D, 3136692.

Claims (1)

<Ahren for recycling of fluorescent lamps and lamp breakage, characterized by the nhrensschritte: Cancel the pumping pipes, removing the base and clean separation in "components, sloping tunnel of fluorescent center tube, screen drums of the scrap of jnuierliches mercury outside heating of the phosphor and processing of the lamp ends _v Ahren claim. 1, characterized in that by various known dhanische separation method (3) a loosening of the connection point power supply / Stiftelstift 'igt and that before the separation of the lamp ends by a patented device, the sockets Vnt (4), whereby an amalgam formation avoided and the lamp end processing, is being started. _{) (} according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that after the removal and disassembly r.ampensockel the return of the socket sleeve material and after digestion of the Federal socket pins with inner insulating bar (5) and subsequent pneumatic ^ nverfahren (6) allows the return of the base pin material _{is.! S} Ahren according to claim 1, characterized in that the Leuchtstoffiampenmittelrohr is äggestellt "to separate mercury therein beads contained before the further method steps" and recover (8). For the recycling of fluorescent lamps and lamp breakage, characterized in that 'linzelnen process steps are designed so that even fluorescent lamps of any shape and ^ penbruch via a crusher (18) and frame break via a crusher (14) can be fed and prepared. icahren according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that with the ^f itrommelverfahren (10) or (12) a distance of the phosphor and the residual mercury ^3: OHL are jlich for wiedereinschmelzbaren piston shards of glass as well as from any lamp breakage. _S ears according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that by a continuous sheizen of the residual mercury from the sieved phosphor (16) a complete recycling 'mercury is integrated into the overall process. "Ahren according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the freed by Siebtrommeln of hydrogen and mercury lamp break is separated with a magnetic separator in nglasgestellteile with Metalleinschlüssen and metal-free mixed fracture (13). Drive according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the lead glass frame parts with sole-ends and the resulting frame break in a lamp production by breaking the glass with a roll crusher combination (14) and subsequent magnetic separator (15) leiglasgrieß and mixed scrap zei logt be. For this purpose I page drawing