DD290266A5 - METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR SEPARATED REFLECTROCOMETRIC DETECTION OF THE LIGHT SHARES OF INDIVIDUAL LAYERS OF A BODY - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the separate reflectometric detection of the light components of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure. They are used in medicine, in particular for separately detecting the light components of the eyepiece media and the fundus. The invention is used in the art for materials testing, and for measurements of high extinction substances, taking measurements in deeper structures. The object of the invention to enable a separate spectral detection of the components of the scattered light, the proportions of the fluorescent light and the components of the reflection light in different layers, with a single adjustment and with a single Meszanordnung, is achieved by the use of different apertures, aperture separation and calculation , In ophthalmology, changes in the ocular media (lens, vitreous body, aqueous humor) and the fundus can be detected separately. Fig. 7 {layer; Scattering; Reflection; Fluorescence; Light; Structure; Eye; Material; Structure; Aperture pitch; Polarization; Medicine; Measurement; Okularmedien; fundus}

Description

For this 8 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the separate reflective-current detection of the light components of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure.

They are used in medicine, in particular for separately detecting the light components of the eyepiece media and the fundus.

The invention is used in medical research to study causes of disease.

It is used, for example, for the objective diagnosis of pathological changes in the eye.

The invention is suitable in medicine for the examination of the blood within the vessels, which are, for example, under scattering Muokelschichten. The invention is used to study tissue structures located behind scattering layers.

The invention is used in the art for material studies, and for measurements, especially of substances with high extinction, wherein measurements are made in deeper structures of bodies with layer structure.

-6- 290 26ο

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Known scattering measurement methods and arrangements (e.g., EP 0074428 A1) assume homogeneous distribution of the scattering particles throughout the measurement volume so that reflectometric scattering measurements from the total volume are possible when the illumination beam path is separated from the measurement beam path, which corresponds to the principle of aperture divider.

With this arrangement, the scattering from the near-surface region of the sample is not detected in principle.

Even a targeted determination of the scattered light from defined depths of the medium to be examined are not possible.

In an arrangement for cataract early diagnosis, the entire eye is illuminated with a laser radiation for fluorescence excitation. Selective fluorescence measurements on the lens are possible due to the rogue flying principle used. however

lead the also stimulated to fluorescence glass body and the ocular fundus to a superposition with the fluorescent light. A scattering measurement in the lens is impractical due to the multiple reflection of the fundus reflection light with this arrangement.

Line known solution (Fink, F. et al .: Picosecond Gated Picture Ranging for Seeing through Human Tissue 5th International Conference on Laser and there Application, Oct. 28 to Nov. 1.1985 Dresden) after the blood vessel system is shown behind a scattering muscle layer illuminated the body to be examined with ultrashort light pulses. With a time gate, the light scattered by the muscle layer is blocked and only the light that reaches the receiver with a time delay relative to the scattered light is registered.

This principle for separating the light components from different layers of a body comes to the physical-technical limits for generating ultra-short light pulses and ultra-fast switch, if the scattering in geometrically thin layers to be locked or detected.

If fluorescence occurs in the surface layers whose scattering influence is to be eliminated and whose decay time is greater than the transit time difference of the light used for the separation, the principle of the optical radar fails.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for the separate reflectometric detection of the light components of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure, which allow with the comparatively little effort of a single arrangement scattered light, reflection light and fluorescent light in different layers of a body to capture.

In medicine, in particular in ophthalmology, the fundamentals for the detection of the causes of the disease are to be improved in order to thereby make the diagnostic possibilities more effective in order to achieve a better prophylaxis and therapy.

In the field of technology, in particular with a simple arrangement, measurements and investigations of substances having a layer structure with a high accuracy and local resolution at depth are to be carried out.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement for separate reflectometric detection of the light components of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure, the separate spectral detection of the components of the scattered light, the proportions of the fluorescent light and the proportions of the reflection light in different Layers allow a one-time adjustment and with a single measuring arrangement.

In particular, in ophthalmology changes in the ocular media (lens, vitreous humor, aqueous humor) and the fundus should be recorded separately. It is the influence of the eyepiece media on the spectral Vei run of the measured light, especially in reflectometric measurements, are detected.

Another task in medicine is to capture structures of tissues that are behind scattering layers.

In the art, individual layers of a body having a structure (layered structure and / or anisotropic structure) for examining properties of the body and / or visual representation are to be examined in detail and in more detail in depth.

The object is achieved by the method according to the invention, that in at least one measurement cycle successively or simultaneously in a first measurement light from all layers of a n. Sub-layer sequence is determined by 3 η + 1.

Aperture images in illumination beam paths and 3n + 2. Aperture images in measuring beam paths on a surface of the n.

Sub-layer sequence are imaged with identical geometry, in at least a second measurement light from a part of the n.

Sub-layer sequence is determined by using the 3n + 1st aperture images in the illumination beam paths and 3n + 3.

Aperture images in the Meßstrahlengänge depending η + 1st Aperture on the surface of the n. Sub-layer sequence are realized and determined by calculating light of individual layers of n. Sub-layer sequence, where for η a natural number greater than / equal to "zero" is allowed.

The object is achieved by the arrangement according to the invention in that in illumination beam paths 3 η + 1st stops and arranged in Meßstrahlengänge 3n + 2nd aperture and / or 3n + 3.Blenden, the 3n + 2nd aperture are designed so that their images on the Surface of n. Sub-layer sequence identical to the images of 3n + 1. Apertures are the 3 η + 3.

Apertures are designed in such a way that their images on the surface of the n th sub-layer sequence with the images of the 3 η + 1st apertures realize respectively η + 1 f-stops and the translucent faces of the images of the 3 η + 1 f-stops and the images of 3 n + 3.

Apertures are the same size, beam splitters arranged in the illumination beam paths and Meßstrahlengängen and dispersive elements are selectively switched into the illumination beam paths and in the Meßstrahlengänge arranged, for η a natural number greater than or equal to "zero" is allowed.

For η = 0, the O. sub-layer sequence, which is the body itself, holds. The assembly has a first aperture, a wide aperture, and a third aperture from which images are created which realize the aperture separation on the surface of the body.

FIr ρ = 1, a (1.) sub-layer sequence of the body is taken. The arrangement has a fourth diaphragm, a fifth diaphragm and a sixth diaphragm, from which images are produced which realize the diaphragm division on the surface of the (1) partial layer sequence of the body.

For η - 2,3, ... other aperture divisions are realized on further surfaces of layer sequences with further diaphragms, which enables a spatially and spatially high-resolution examination of the body.

Further, for values of n greater than or equal to 1, in the at least one measurement cycle, m-fold aperture pitches of between 3 (m-1) + 1st aperture images with 3 (m-1) + 3. Aperture images on the surface of the m - 1st sub-layer sequence be realized. In the arrangement, 3 (m-1) + I blends are arranged in the illuminating beam paths and 3 (m-1) + 3. Blonds in the measuring beam paths, the 3 (m-1) + 3. apertures being designed so that their images on the surface of the m - 1. Partial layer sequence with the images of the 3 (m - 1) + I.Blenden m-fold aperture divisions realize and advantageously the translucent surfaces of the images of 3 {m - 1) + I.Blenden and the Images of the 3 (m - 1) + 3rd aperture are the same size and m optionally takes the values of 1 bi · η.

For η = 0, a value for m is undefined.

For η = 1, m can only assume the value 1.

The arrangement has the first aperture and a third aperture, from which images are generated which realize the (1.) aperture pitch on the surface of the body (0th sub-layer sequence), furthermore the arrangement has a fourth aperture, a fifth aperture and a sixth Aperture, from which images are generated, which realize the (2.) Aperture division on the surface of the (1.) partial layer sequence of the body.

For η = 2, m can be 1 and / or 2. Three cases are possible:

The variable m assumes the value 1.

The Dio arrangement has the first diaphragm and a third diaphragm, from which images are generated which realize (1) aperture separation on the surface of the body (0 sub-layer sequence), furthermore the arrangement has a seventh diaphragm, an eighth diaphragm and a ninth diaphragm Aperture from which images are generated, which realize a (3.) aperture division on the surface of a further (2.) partial layer sequence of the body.

The variable m takes the value 2.

The arrangement has the fourth aperture and the sixth aperture, from which images are generated which realize the (2.) aperture pitch on the surface of the (1.) sub-layer sequence, furthermore the arrangement has a seventh aperture, an eighth aperture and a ninth aperture of which images are produced, which realize a (3.) aperture division on the surface of the further (2.) partial layer sequence of the body.

The variable m assumes the value 1 and the value 2.

The arrangement has the first aperture and a third aperture, from which images are generated which realize the (1.) aperture pitch on the surface of the body (0th sub-layer sequence), furthermore the arrangement has the fourth aperture and the sixth aperture, of which Furthermore, the arrangement has a seventh diaphragm, an eighth diaphragm and a ninth diaphragm, from which images are generated which produce a (3.) partial separation. Realize aperture division on the surface of the further (2nd) partial layer sequence of the body.

For η = 3,4, ... other aperture divisions are realized on further surfaces of layer sequences with further diaphragms, where for η = 3 the variables are 1,2,3, for η «4 the variable m is 1,2 , 3,4, and so on, which allows a further spatial resolution of the examination of the body.

The specified apertures are provided both as a single aperture, as well as a multiple arrangement (v-fold), for example as a matrix.

The number of illumination beam paths and Meßstrahlengänge can be selected according to the special arrangement and is in the simplest case one each.

In the Meßstrchlengängen the 3n + 2nd aperture and the 3n + 3.Blenden are arranged either changeable or in each Teilmeßstrahlengängen are the3n + 2nd aperture and in each second Teilmeßstrahlengängen the 3 η + 3. diaphragms are arranged.

The 3 (m-1) + I blends are preferably interchangeable in the illumination beam paths and / or the 3 (m-1) + 3. blends are preferably interchangeable in the measuring beam paths.

In this case, in a multiple arrangement, a defined diaphragm is advantageously arranged in each case in an illumination beam path and an associated diaphragm is arranged in each case in a measuring beam path in order to carry out measurements simultaneously at several locations in the depth and / or in the plane.

The diaphragms are arranged perpendicular to the optical axis. Their aperture images realize aperture divisions and allow a simultaneous measurement of light fractions at different locations of the plane of a layer and / or in different layers of the body.

In the illumination beam paths and measuring beam paths, different diaphragm divisions are still realized by different contours and / or different positions of the diaphragm images to the optical axis at different locations of the body through their images and thus also allows a simultaneous measurement in different layers of the body.

At least one first diaphragm is arranged in the at least one illumination beam path and at least one second diaphragm and at least one third diaphragm are arranged exchangeably in the at least one measuring beam path or in the at least one illumination beam path is the at least one first diaphragm in which at least one the first measuring beam path is the at least one second diaphragm and in the at least one second measuring beam path, the at least one third diaphragm is fixedly arranged.

In this case, the at least one second diaphragm is designed such that its image on the surface of the body is identical to the image of the at least one first diaphragm, the at least one third diaphragm is designed so that its image on the surface of the body with the image of realized at least a first aperture a blend pitch.

The translucent areas of the image of the at least one first aperture and the image of the at least one third aperture are the same size on the surface of the body. At least one beam splitter is arranged in the at least pin illumination beam path and in the at least one measuring beam path. For η β ο, light from old layers of the body is oruminated in the at least one measurement cycle in the first measurement, indom mindostons a first Blondonbild dos at least one Beleuchtungsstrahlengangos and at least oin second Blondonbild the mindostons a Meßstrahlenganges on the surface of the body with identical Goometrlo werclon , In the mindostons a second measurement of light from the Teilschichtfolge dos body is determined by the at least one first Blondonbild dos at least one illumination beam path with the at least oinon third aperture image of mindostons oinon Moßstrahlenganges the at least one Blondentoilung on the surface of the body roalisiortort.

By subtraction of the results of the measurement, the proportion of light from the at least one oinon einolnon layer of the body is calculated.

For at least one first blonde in the at least one Bolouchtungsstrahlengang and the at least one third diaphragm in the at least one Meßstrahlongang arranged for η "1 and m = 1. In the mindostons oinon illumination beam path at least a fourth aperture is arranged and in dom mindostons a Meßstrahlengang at least one fifth diaphragm and at least one sixth alternator is changeable angoordnot or in dom at least one first Meßstrehlengang is the at least one fifth Blonde and in dom at least oinon second Meßstrahlongang the at least one sixth diaphragm is fixed.

In this case, the at least one fifth diaphragm is designed such that its image on the surface of the partial layer sequence is identical to the image of the at least one fourth diaphragm on the surface of the toilet film sequence, the mindostons olno sixth blonde is designed so that its image on the surface of the Sub-layer sequence with dom image of the at least oinon fourth aperture on the surface of the sub-layer sequence realized by aperture splitting and the translucent surfaces of Bilclos dor mindoston a fourth blonde and the image of the at least one sixth blendo on the obor surface of the sub-layer sequence the same size

For η = 1 and m = 1, in the at least one measurement cycle, the at least one first aperture image in the at least one illumination beam path with the mindostons realizes a third diaphragm image in dom mindostons a Meßstrahlengeng the at least one aperture pitch on the surface dos body.

In the first measurement, light from all the layers of the sub-layer sequence is determined by imaging at least one fourth image of the at least one illumination beam path and at least one fifth optical image of the at least one measurement beam path on the surface of the film layer sequence with identical geometry. In at least the second measurement, light is detected from the portion of the sub-layer sequence in which the nvndeston a dominant blendon image with the at least one six-tone aperture image in the at least one measurement beam path at least one blond color is realized on the surface of the sub-layer sequence. By forming the difference between the measurement results, the light part is calculated from the at least one individual layer of the sub-layer sequence.

By light components are meant scattered light, fluorescent light and reflection light, the origin of which lies in the examined layer.

The diaphragms are displaceably arranged along the optical axis and / or the radial distances of the contours of the diaphragms from the optical axis, preferably the at least one 3 η + 3. diaphragm are variable in order to determine light components with a high spatial resolution.

In studies of bodies with regular reflective surface or regular reflective layer linearly polarized light in the illumination beam path is used to eliminate the regularly reflected light component.

In this case, the at least one 3n + 1 stop in the at least one illumination beam path is preferably designed such that its image on the regularly reflecting surface of the n.sub.oil layer sequence corresponds to the lines of the same depolarization.

Furthermore, in these bodies, preferably, the at least one 3 (m - 1) +1. Aperture in which at least one illumination beam path is designed in such a way that its at least one image on the at least one regularly reflecting surface of the m - 1. sub-layer sequence corresponds to the lines of the same depolarization.

For bodies of spherical shape and regular reflecting surface, preferably the at least one 3n + 1 stop and / or the at least one 3 (m-1) + 1 stop are designed to be for rays in an environment of the optical axis and in a range with the azimuths 0 degrees and 90 degrees translucent, are transparent to rays outside the range. The at least one 3n + 3.blende and / or at least one 3 (m-1) +3. Apertures are designed to be opaque to rays in an environment of the optical axis and in a region having azimuths of 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and transparent to rays outside the region. Daboi are dio translucent surfaces of the aperture, which realize the respective aperture division, the same size.

In the at least one illumination beam path and / or in the at least one measuring beam path are dispersive elements, preferably monochromators with a holographic grating or filters of different spectral passbands or polychromators arranged.

As a beam splitter and polarizer / analyzer arrangement, a Glan · Thompson prism with additional prisms is preferably used for mirror-reflecting surfaces.

Continuous or pulsed light of at least one variable wavelength or at least one changeable wavelength range is used in the at least one illumination beam path.

Preferably, by imaging a small spot size on the part of the n.sub.-sub-layer sequence, the spectral profile of the light of at least one single layer of the n.sub.sub-sub-layer sequence is determined.

In order to examine the body with a diffusely reflecting surface of the n.sub.substep sequence, preferably natural light is used in the at least one illumination beam path.

To investigate the body with a regularly reflecting surface of the n.Teilschichtfolge measures to eliminate the regular reflected light, preferably linearly polarized light and / or the principle of Aperturblendenteilung and / or dispersive elements applied.

Before, during or after the measurement cycle, the light in the at least one illumination beam path is measured and the results are used for the quantitative determination of light components.

In the first measurement, the light from nllon layers of the nth fatal sequence was used. In the first measurement, the light was taken from the noll of the nth fiat series Determined and by Quotlontonblldung »wipe the results of the erston measurement and the light in the mlndostons olnon Boleuchtungsstrahlongany according to the formula

and by quoting between the results of the second mossing and dom light in dom mindostons olnon, the beam ray corresponding to the formol

R ₁ ° ^MI

0

 and, advantageously, adopting a spherical scattering matrix according to the formula

the reflection of the at least one part of the n.this sub-layer sequence takes place.

Second, in the at least one measurement cycle tunable monochromatic light glolchor Wollonlüngon in

at least one illuminating beam path and at least one first shot of the spectral curve of the scattered light from the second layer of the n.Tcllschichlfolgo, in at least one second measurement of the spectral flow of Stroulichtes dos Toils dor n.Toilschichtfolgo ormittolt and by

Difforonz picture mg between the results of the first measurements and the ilrgobnisson dor zweiton mossungon a spoktrolcr Flow of scattered light of the individual layer of the n.Toilschichtfolgo determined. Thirdly, in the at least one measuring cycle, constant wavelengths of light are in dom mindostons oinon Bolouchtjngsstrahlongang and with this light not vorloloppondo Wollonlängonberokhe dos Lichtos in dom mindostons

A measurement beam was used, in which mindoston's first measurement of the spoktralo course of the fluoroscopy light from all layers of the sub-stratigraphy, in which mindostons or two-second measurements were made of the spectral forerunner of the fluoroscopic light part of the sub-stratum sequence and by difference between the results of Orston Mossungon and Don

Results of the second tone measurements at least one spectral orifice of the fluorescent zone of the ozone layer

n.Tol film sequence ermittolt.

Fourthly, from the spectroscope leading in the first cycle of the first spectroscope, there was a dor oinzotnon layer dor

η.Teilschichtfolge and dom mindostons obtained in a further measurement cycle spoktralon flow of the Stroulichtos doreinzelnen layer of n. Sub-layer sequence by subtraction of the spectral Vorlauf dos Fluoroszonzlichtos dor oinzolnon

Layer of n.Teilschichtfolge determined. Fifth, from the spectral course obtained in the first measurement cycle, the dosages of the single layer become dor

η.Teilschichtfolge and from the obtained at least in a woitoron measurement cycle spoktralon course of

Fluorescent light of the individual layer of the n.Tililschichtfolge by subtraction dor spectral Vorlauf dos Stroulichtos

single layer of the n. Sub-layer sequence determined.

With the help of the procedure and the arrangement, the verschlodonon above borschriobonon measurements were carried out, doren Results partly to each other vorarboitot odor before each other vorglichon. The inventive method and the orfindungsgemäßo arrangement for tronnten detecting dor Lichtanteilo oinzolnor Layers there have advantages, where dio spectral properties einolnor Schichton, which are inseparable in oi.ar Folgo angoordnot

are to be measured in particular in reflection,

Ausführungsbolsplele

The invention will be described by way of an example of a multi-layered body and an example of the separate detection of the light eye of the anterior eye segment as well as of individual layers of the eye-shaped eye of a human eye. Show it:

Fig.1: Schematic structure of the inventive arrangement for measuring the Lichtanteilo a layer oinos

multilayered body Fig. 2: Schematic structure of the inventive arrangement for Mossung the light components of a layer dor

Partial sequence of layers

Fig. 3: Arrangement of the arrangement for the simultaneous measurement of the proportion of light from different layers of a body. Fig. 4: Arrangement of first layers in the luminous beam path and v-second and third-tone blondon in FIG

Meßstrahlongang Fig. 5: Schematicher structure of the measurement of the Lichtanteilo the fronton eye section with simultaneous examination

of the fundus Fig. 6: Combinations between the exit pupil of the illumination systome and the bois of the first moss and the second tone

Measurement of incident pupil of the measuring system during eye examinations

Fig. 7: Structure of the arrangement for measuring the scattered and fluorescence light in a single layer of the Augenhintorgrundos Fig. 8: Scheme to illustrate the terms used

Gomttß Figure 1 disfigured in olnom Bolouchtungsstrahlongang 1 nor t oblldur.'j by Oino Oreto Ltnso 4, an image 19 eicor Orston Blondo 9 on ooror Oborflächo oinos Körpors 6. Dur body G hosltzt oino structure from oinor optically zugttngigon layer 25 and

oinor visually accessible Tollscblchtfolgo 24.

In London Moßslrahlongong 11 are elno zwelto Blondo 13 and oino third Blondo ι 'wochsolbar so angoordnot that nnch Picture by dlo orsto Linso 4 Picture 20 dor zweiton Blondo 13 odor the BiIo 21 dor third Blondo 14 obonfnlls on dor Oborllttcho dos Körpors 6 ontstohon. For the division of the Bolouchtungsstrahlongangos 1 and the Dosungsstrahlongangos 111st In Llchlrung before dor orston Linso 4 oin SuahJtollor 10 angoordnot. The picture 19 dor orston Blondo 9 and the picture 20 dor twoitcn Blondo 13 bosltjon on the oborllticho of the body 6 oino idontincho Goomotrlc. The forms of orston Blondo 9 and dor iwolton Blondo 13 are so gostillot that sio for oxlnlo rays

are translucent.

Dio third Blondo 14 is so gostaltot that the translucent Boroicho dor orston Blondo 9 and dor iwoiton Blondo 13 gosporrt

abor aoraxaxo boroicho are translucent.

If the corpora 6 in oinor orcton measurement of light oinor l.icht (| uollo 2 bolouchtot, so boi arrangement of iwoiton Dlondo 13

In dom of the beam 11 of olnom receiver 16 light dos 0 bodies measured, which in consequence slrouung, fluoroszoriz and

Rofloxion in the body of the body 25 and in the nonsensory succession 24 ontstoht. Bofindot itself in a tweiten measurement dio third Blondo 14 in the Mästrahlstrahlongang 11, so are the Stroulicht and dos Fluorosion lacks the layer 25 of the body 6, which immediately below the blendon images 19, 20 and 21 bofindot, not in the Measuring light included. It becomes the light out of the body part 6 gomosson partschlchtfulgo 24, which in diosor arrangement by dio Scattering and dio xur fluorescence orfordorlicho absorption innorhulb dor layer 25 dos bodies 6 is weakened. From the difference between the first and dor iwoiton measurement, the straw light and the fluorosine light have been doped Körpors 25 received. The following calculation pre-illuminates the principle: Dor Strahlungsfluß Omı dor orston Mossung is based on dor Formol O _M i - O ₀ x F + O ₀ x S + | 0 _o - O ₀ x (S + F)) xr χ | 0 "- O ₀ x (F + S) | / 0 _o (1) Dor Strahlungsfluß 0 _M) dor iwoiton Mossung organizes after dor Formol

0 _M >·> IO, - O ₀ χ (S + F)) xr χ [O ₀ - 0 "χ (F χ S) | / 0 _o (2)

with S - Stroulichtantoil and F - Fluorosionilichtantoil.

From dor Differonz of equation (dog (2) arises the fluorosiom and stroma light O ₀ χ (F (· S) oinor single layer) Untor dor requirement that the light attenuation in oinor oimolnon layer is proportional to the scattering and Fluoroszonzlicht in diosor layer , orgasms

Omi / 0 «, for the Rofloxion r dor Toilschichtfolgo:

r = R, / | 1 - (R, - R,)) ² . (3)

If the rofloxion measurement within a toilet layer is performed at different orton in an ebono soncrocht Surface normals, the dioxygen dependence on the structure of the toilet layer is determined in this ebono. According to this principle, the lateral reflection precordion of the toileting successor 24 is considered to be superior

strouondon layer 25 dos body 6 bofindot.

For pre-ringing during the period of time, os is advantageous in splitting up the jet of radiation 11 by oonon woitoron strohtoilor 4,

that dio belongs to a cycle of measurement, first of all Mossung dos Lichtos from all Schichton dos Körpors 6 (orsto Blondo 9, zwoito

Blondo 13) with oinom first Toilompfängor 35 and dio belonging to dom gleichon Moßzyklus belonging zwoito measurement dos Lichtos

dor WCschichtfolgo 24 dos Körpors 6 (first Blondo 9, third Blondo 14) with oinom zwoiton Toilompfiingoi 36 gloichzoitig inparallolon Strahlongängon orfolk.

An augmentation boisiol is the recognition of the blood gas structure that bofindot untor oinor strouondon Gewoboschicht. By changing the radial distance of the translucent Boroicho the third aperture 14 from the optical axis

realized that light from different Tiofon dor layer 25 dos body 6 is hidden.

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement in which, in addition to the elements of FIG. 1, a front blond 3, a fifth blond 17 and

a sixth blonde 23 are arranged.

With the arrangement according to Figure 2, the Strou- and Fluoroszonzlicht from oinor layer 26 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 bostimmt. In the illumination beam path 1 ijt the fourth Blundo 3 arranged by a zwoite Linso 5 and the ersto Linso 4 on

One surface of the toilet layer 24 is shown as picture 31 of the fourth tone Blondo 3.

In Dom Mühlestrahlongang 11 are dio five-f-stop 17 and the sixth Blondo 23 wosselbar angoordnot. Dioso irises werdon

by a third lens 15 and dia ersto Linso 4 also on the surface dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 as image 32 dor fifth

Blcndo 17 odor pictured as picture 33 of sixth blonde 23. The image 31 of the fourth diaphragm 3 and the image 32 of the fifth diaphragm 17 are located on the obturator surface 24

identical geometry. The picture 31 of the fourth tone Blondo 3 and the picture 33 of the sixth blonde? 3 realize on the obotflncho dor

Sub-layer sequence 24 oino blendon separation. Dio form the fourth tone Blondo 3 and dio form the fifth Blondo 17 are chosen

that they are transparent to axial rays.

The sixth aperture 23 is gostaltet so that the translucent Boroich the viorton Blondo 3 and dor five-tone Blonde 17 gosporrt

but aoraxaxore Boreicho are translucent.

Vorlollhaftorwolso is bol Mossungon of the Stroulichto »ind dos Fluoroszonzllchtos in dot layer 26 dor TollschichUolgo 24 dio

third Blondo 14 Positioned in Meßstrahlongang 11 so that Ii. jlgo the Blendontoilung zwischon dom picture 19 the orston

Blondo 9 and Dom Image 21 of the third Blondo 14 on the OborflHcho dos body 6 the scattered light and the fluoroscopic light from Dor Layer 25 dos body · β not gomosson. Are woitorhin In the Orston Mossung dio viorto Blondo 3 and dlo fifth Blondo 17 ongoordnot, light is from Dor Toilet layer succession 24 gomosson, dos as a result disturbance, Fluoroszonz in I Rofloxlon in dor layer 26 dor Toilschichtfolgo 2 <1 and in

dom Toil 27 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 entstoht.

If there is no doubt in the two voices Mossung dio viorto Blondo 3 and sootho Blondo 23 ongoordnot, the light of the part 27 becomes the Toilschichtfolgo 24 gomosson. From Differonz zworon orstor and zwoitor Mossung wordon the scattered light and the Fluoroszonzlicht dor layer 26 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 obtained. It is advantageous to arrange the jet of radiation 11 so that the gloichzoitigoe Mosst -> the Stroulichtos and dos Fluoroszone plates from layer 25 of body 6 and layer 26 of toilet layer 24 are followed. According to Figure 3, the dio in the Woson the arrangement of Figure 2 corresponds to great woitoro Strohltoilor 34 don Moßstrahlcnoang 11 in

vior Toilstrohlongängo on.

By the arrangement of the Orston Blondo 9 In the Belouchtstrahlongang 1 and the Zwoiton Blondo 13inoinom Orston Toilstrahlongang is donated by donor orston toilet pump 35 gomosson light from all layers of the body. By subtraction from the Sinnalon dor Toilompfängor 35 and 36 that is the Fluoroszonz- and scattered light dor layer 25th

dos Kör pore β obtained.

By arrangement of the Orston Blondo 9 and the fourth Blondo 3 in the Bolouchtungsstrohlongang 1 sowio the third Blondo 14 im Mower beam 11 and the fifth aperture 17 in anomdritton toilet jet pass through three thirds subcarriers 37 the Light from allon Schichton the Toilschichtfolge 24 under dofiniorton conditions gomosson. By arrangement of the orston Blondo 9 and Dor viorton Blondo 3 in the Bolouchtungsstrahlongang 1 sowio dor third tone Blondo 14 in Meßstrahlongang 11 and the fifth Blondo 17 in oinom third toilet toilet jet is by aonthon Toilompfanger 37 the Light from allon Schichton dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 untor dofiniorton Bodingungon gomosson. By arrangement of the first Blondo 9 and Dor viorton Blondo 3 in Meßstrahlongang 1 and the third Blondo 14 im Mästrahlstrahlongang 11 and the sochston Blondo 23 in the oinom viorton Toilstrahlongang will be fourth with oinom Light from dom Toil 27 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 untor don gloichon conditions. By difference formation from donation of the Toilompfängor 37 and 38, the Fluoroszonz- and scattered light dor layer 26 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 orhalton. By the simultaneous determination of the light from the layer 25 of the body 6 and the light from the layer 26 of the Sub-layer sequence 24, the measurement time is reduced so that changes in the body 6 and the measurement conditions weitgohend

are negligible.

An application example of the arrangement according to FIG. 3 is the determination of the zoitlichon flow behavior in FIG

vorschiodonon individual layers oinos body β using fluorescent indicators.

For spectral examinations or to capture the scattered light and dns fluorescent light of a single layer gotrennt

1, 2 or 3 in the illumination beam path 1 oin first dispersive element 18 and in FIG

Masststrahlongang 11 a second dispersive element 22 angoordnot. By means of the first dispersion element 18, monochromatic light is generated from the dom white illumination light. It is

naholiegond that this monochromatic illuminating light is the light oinos dye laser.

Be 22 identical Wnllonlängenboreiche by the orsto dispersive element 18 and by the second dispersive Eloment

variable center wavelength in the illumination beam path 1 and set in Moßstrahlengang 11, it is determined by the

Ausführon jo einos measuring cycle, in which in the first measurement, the total light from all Schichton dos body 6 or / and the Toilschichtfolgo 24 and in the zwoiton Mossung only the light from the Toilschichtfolgo 24 odor / and from the part of Teilschichtfolge 27 gomossen. By subtracting the tone of the first tone and the second measurements, which are extracted at each midwave tone, o becomes more spectral Course dos Stroulichtos dor layer 25 of the body 6 and / or the layer 26 of the sub-layer sequence 24 calculated. Is in the illumination beam path 1, the orsto dispersive Elernont 18 angeoranot, the second dispersive element 22 in Meßstrahlongang 11 yodoch not arranged and is at each selected Mittenwellonlängo ohan described measuring cycle

carried out, so is ook spoktralor flow of Stroulichtos and the fluorescent light dor oinzohon layer 25 dos body 6oder / and dor layer 26 dor Toilschichtfolgo 24 measured.

If the scattered light for iodine wavelength is subtracted from this sum of scattered light and fluorescence light, then the spectral Advance of Fluoroszenzlichtos the layer 25 of the body 6 and / or the layer 26 of the sub-layer sequence 24 determined. The spoktral flow of the fluorescent light of the layer 25 of the body 6 or the layer 26 of the toilet layer sequence 24 becomes

also determined when the illumination of the body 6 with oinom immutable Wellonlängonteroich takes place and in connection with the arrangement of the second dispersion element 22 in Meßstrahlengang 11 wavelength ranges changeable

Mid-range lengths are selected which do not overlap with the spectral range of the illumination light. The spectral course of the fluorescent light of the layer 25 of the body 6 odor / and the layer 26 of this sub-layer sequence 24th

arises from the difference between the measurement results of the first measurement and the second measurement obtained in each case

Meßstrahlengang 11 selected mitttenwellenlängo running werdon. The spectral flow of the strobe light of a single layer 25 of the body 6 or / and the layer 26 sub-layer sequence 24 is

also mathematically from the results several; Measuring cycles determined.

As a result of illumination of the fundus with monochromatic light using the first dispersive Element 13 in the illumination beam path 1 is in the dom 1 .Meßzyklus the fluorescent and scattered light of the layer 25 of Body β and / or the layer 26 of the sub-layer sequence 24 is determined. As ergobnls of lighting doe fundus with monochromatic light under prewonding dos orsten disporsiven Elementeb 18 In the illumination beam path 1 and measurement in non - overlapping Spoktralboreichen in Measuring beam path 11 using the Zwotten dlsporslvon Elomontes 22 in Moßstrohlengang 11 is in dom

2. Measuring cycle of the spoktralo forerunner of the fluoroszonzllchtos dor layer 25 dos. Body 6 or / and dor layer 26 dor

Toilet layer sequence 24 minutes. By ditferonzierung beldor Moßorgobnlsso the dor spoktralo will lead the Strostichtos dor layer 25 of the body 6 odor / and

dor layer 26 of the sub-layer sequence 24 orhalton.

To measure the Etroulichtos and the Fluoroszonzlichtos dor layer 25 dos body 6 odor / and dor layer 26 dor Toilet layer 24 follows the bolo with continuous odor with pulsed light. Dio lateral examination of the scattered light and the fluorescence spot in the layer 25 of the body 6 and / or the layer 26

The toilet layer sequence 24 and the lateral reflection of the sub-layer sequence 24 and / or the part 27 of the toilet layer sequence 24 are realized in the following ways:

In a first embodiment, the location of the light in the beacon beam 1 and the light in the spot will be determined by the location of the light Measuring beam path 11, the position of the body 6 in a Ebono perpendicular to the optical axis (coordinates x, y in Figure 1) and along

the optical axis (coordinate ζ in Figure 1) changed. Oioso execution is an Objoktscannor.

In a second embodiment, the position of the body remains stationary, whereas the light in the Illumination beam path 1 and the light in the Mästrahlstrahlongang 11 so abgegolonkt that sio without retaining the Principle of the above-described Blendon assignment to different Orto on dor surface of the body 6 or dor Surface of the sub-layer sequence 24 hit, In one embodiment according to FIG. 4, dio orsto Blondo 9 in Bolouchtungs'.rahlongang 1 and dioo dioe Blcndo 13 and

the third Blondo 14 favororweisc in aufgotoilton Masststrahlongängon 11 mohrfach (v-fold) in a Ebone perpendicular to the optical axis arranged (as well as the fourth, fifth and sixth Blonde, not dargostellt)

The structure of the arrangement is analogous to the dom described in Figures 1 to 3, as well as deron mode of action. A determination is made of the scattered light and / or the fluoroscopic light in the layer 25 of the body β odor / and dor Layer 26 of the sub-layer sequence 24 at Mohroron Orion dor Ebono performed simultaneously. Likewise, the calculation of the reflection of the sub-layer sequence 24 odor / and the Toils 27 of the sub-layer sequence 24 takes place simultaneously

several places on the plain.

Advantageously, the v-times existing second aperture 13 and the third aperture 14 by the Geomotrie dor

Photosensitive layer realized in receivers 16.

The determination of the reflection light, the scattered light and the fluorescent light in oinzotnen layers of a body 6 with

optically accessible layer structure, wherein at least on the surface of the body 6 roguläro reflection occurs at the

Example of Spectral Examination of a Human Eye 30 illustrates wordon. The arrangement in FIG. 5 corresponds in essence to its structure and mode of operation to the arrangement shown in FIG The beam splitter 10 is realized by a Glan-Thompson prism 29 with additional prisms 7. The eye 30 is a special shape

of the body 6 with optically accessible layer structure.

According to FIG. 5, the light source 2 emits natural light. After penetrating the Glan-Thompson prism 29 with the

attached additional prisms 7 creates linearly polarized light, with which the eye 30 is illuminated.

In the illumination beam path 1 bofindet the first aperture 9, deron image 19 on the regularly reflecting cornea 8los Eye 30 is shown. The spherical shape of the eye requires special shapes of the first, second and third apertures 9, 13 and 14. The contours of the first aperture 9 are selected so that the contours of the image 19 of the first aperture 9 on the cornea 8 den Lines of equal depolarization correspond. In this case, the linearly polarized illumination light occurs predominantly in a Umgobung the azimuth 0 degrees and 90 degrees through the

Cornea 8.

In the Meßstrahlengang 11 is the second aperture 13, deron Figure 20 through the lens 4 with identical geometry as the Image 19 of the first aperture 9 is imaged on the cornea 8 of the eye 30. As shown in FIG. 6, the image 21 of the third diaphragm 14 on the cornea 8 of the eye 30 is transparent in angular regions,

which are near 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees to the vibrational plane of the linearly polarized

Illuminating light lie. In Winkolboroichen, which is near 0 degrees and 90 degrees to the vibrational plane of the linear

are polarized illumination light, blocks the image 21 of the third aperture 14, the light 30 emerging from the eye. By dio

Aperture 14 enters only the light whose origin lies in areas of the eye, both from the light path of the Beteuchtungsstrahlenganges 1 and the light path of the measuring beam path 11 are detected. In particular, by

the third diaphragm 14 blocks the light components that arise as a result of scattering or fluorescence in the anterior half of the eye.

According to the arrangement according to FIG. 5, the linearly polarized illumination light retains the cornea 8 after regular reflection

its polarization largely at. It passes without distraction in the Glan-Thompson prism 29 back into the

Illumination beam path 1. From the scattered light, the fluorescent light and the diffusely reflected illumination light undergoes only the component of the light

the eye 30, which oscillates perpendicular to the plane of oscillation of the illumination light, in the Glan-Thompson prism 29 a

Distraction in the Meßstrahlengang 11th During the first measurement of a measurement cycle in which the second diaphragm 13 is located in the measuring beam path 11, light is emitted

all layers of the eye, especially the scattered light and the fluorescent light of the anterior eye sections measured.

During the second measurement, the third diaphragm 14 is arranged in the measuring beam path 11 instead of the second diaphragm 13. After imaging through the lens 4, the image 21 of the third diaphragm 14 realizes with the image 19 of the first diaphragm 9 on the Cornea 8 of the eye 30 a diaphragm separation. Avis of the difference between the results of first and second measurement was the proportion of light, dio by disturbance and fluorescence

arise in the anterior eye sections, obtained without falsification by Fundusreflexionslicht.

By the choice of the blonde geometry of the first aperture 9 and third aperture 14, the iris separation on the cornea 8

According to the eye 30, the scattering and fluorescence is determined to be gotronnt in regions of different extents in the direction of the optical axis.

At constant geometry of the first aperture 9 is achieved by increasing the radial distance of the translucent areas

of the third aperture 14 from the optical axis of the area hidden in the second measurement in the direction of the optical

Axis extended. If, in accordance with FIG. 5, a dispersivos element 18 is switched on in the illuminating beam path 1 and the Augon Hintergrund 12 illuminated kloinflächig in the same place, so by running ever a first and ever a zweiton Measurement at each selected wavelength of the Bolouchtungslichtos by subtraction between each don associated Measurements the determination of the spectral course of fluorescence and scattered light in the anterior eye sections

reached.

If, furthermore, the input intensity of the spectrally dispersed illumination light is measured with a receiver 28, then

according to the formula

r = R ₂ / I 1- (R ₁ -R ₂ )] '(3)

the influence of the scattered and fluorescence light of the anterior ocular media is taken into account so that the pure fundus reflection is obtained.

This invention is of great importance in spectral examinations of the ocular fundus of such eyes Cataract are diseased, since then to assess the fundus also in a strongly scattering anterior segment of the eye According to Figure 5, the fundus is scanned leinflächig (scanning scanner), the illumination with the

at selected wavelengths where characteristic fundus structures appear in high contrast to the environment. In the Meßstrahlengang 11 are preferably the second aperture 13 and the third aperture 14 in parallel

Measuring beam paths 11 are arranged. In this arrangement, first and second measurements are made simultaneously using

two partial receivers 35 and 36.

From the results obtained in the first measurement and in the second measurement of the eye as well as in measuring the Illumination light intensity are obtained, according to the equation

r = R, / [1- (R ₁ -R ₂ )] '(3)

determines the spectral reflection for each scanned fundus location. From the calculated reflections, a near-point-by-point reconstruction of the entire fundus 12 with methods of image processing and image analysis is carried out.

For example, when illuminated with light in a narrow wavelength range around 570 nm, the blood vessels are well represented. The separate determination of the spectral course of the fluorescent light is effected by arranging the first dispersive Element 18 in the illumination beam path 1 and the second dispersive element 22 in Meßstrahlengang 11 accordingly

above-described associations between the selected spectral regions in the illumination beam path 1 and in

Measuring beam path 11. With the obtained in this way spectral characteristics of the scattered light and the fluorescent light, the diagnosis of Diseases of the anterior segment of the eye (e.g., cataract). Another object, which is solved by the invention, is the determination of the scattering behavior and the fluorescence behavior

in individual layers of the ocular fundus 12.

For this purpose, according to Figure 7, the spectral measurement on the eye so that the image of the first aperture 19 and the image of the third Aperture 21 on the cornea 8 of the eye 30 realize a diaphragm separation. The arrangement in FIG. 7 corresponds in its construction and mode of operation to the arrangement shown in FIG. In the illumination beam path 1, the fourth diaphragm 3 is arranged, whose image 31 is imaged onto a defined fundus layer

becomes. The fifth diaphragm 17 and the sixth diaphragm 23 are exchangeable in a Meßstrahlengang 11 or constantly divided

Measuring beam paths 11 are arranged. The image 32 of the fifth diaphragm 17 is congruent with the image 31 of the fourth on the selected fundus layer Aperture 3. The image 33 of the six-tone diaphragm 23 realizes on the selected fundus layer with the image 31 of the fourth diaphragm 3

a blend separation.

From the difference of the results of the first measurement and the second measurement, the scattering and fluorescent light of a single Layer of the ocular fundus 12 detected. By altering the aperture geometry and / or changing the location on the picture, images 31, 32 and 33 are apertures 3, 17 and 23

arise, substance-specific spectral measurements and structural investigations in individual fundus layers are realized.

The separation between scattered light and fluorescent light from a single layer of the ocular fundus 12 is carried out by

corresponding selection of the spectral ranges selected with the first dispersive element 18 in the illumination beam path 1 and with the second dispersive element 22 in the measuring beam path 11 in the manner described above.

With the invention, the scattering and fluorescence behavior of the eye lens is determined by the living eye. With the aid of the invention, the scattering and fluorescence behavior of individual fundus layers can be measured in vivo for the first time. In one Measuring cycle and a single measurement setup are comparable measurements of the scattered and fluorescent light

and reflection measurements in the anterior and posterior ocular sections.

In particular, the invention enables a quantitatively improved examination of the ocular fundus 12,

preferably with increasing scattering in the anterior segment (cataract).

Claims (31)

1. A method for the separate reflectometrlachen detecting the light components of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure, for examining properties of the body and / or for visual representation, characterized in that in at least one Mozy cycle in succession or simultaneously in a first measurement light from ollen layers oinor n. Sub-layer sequence is determined by 3 η + 1, Blendenbikler η illumination beam paths and 3 η + 2. Blonde images in Meßstrahlongöngen on a surface dor η. In at least one second measurement, light from a part of the nth sub-layer sequence is determined by adding one η + with the 3n + 1st blondon image in the beam illumination beam paths and 3n -> · 3rd blister images in the measurement beam paths 1 aperture division is realized on the surface of the nth sub-layer sequence and is determined by calculating light of individual layers of the nth sub-layer sequence, wherein for η a natural number greater than / equal to "zero" is allowed and the 0 sub-layer sequence represents the body (6) itself , 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the at least one measurement cycle m-foch aperture divisions between 3 (m - 1) + 1st aperture images in the illumination beam paths (1) with3 (m - 1) + 3rd aperture images in the Meßstrahlengängen (11) can be realized on the surface of the m - 1st sub-layer sequence, where m assumes values of 1 to η. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the at least one measurement cycle successively or simultaneously in the first measurement light from all layers of the n. Subschichtfolge is determined by the 3 η + 1st aperture image of the illumination beam path (1) and the 3n + 2. Aperture image of the measuring beam path (11) are imaged on the surface of the n. Subschichtfolge with identical geometry, in the at least one second measurement light from the part of the n. Teilschichtfolge is determined by the3n + 1st aperture image in the illumination beam path (1 ) with the 3n + 3. aperture image in the measuring beam path (11) the η + 1st diaphragm pitch is realized on the surface of the nth sub-layer sequence and determined by calculation of the light of the individual layer of the nth sub-layer sequence, where η is a natural number greater / "zero" is allowed and the 0 sub-layer sequence represents the body (6) itself. 4. The method according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that in the at least one measuring cycle, the m-fold aperture division between the 3 (m - 1) + 1st aperture image in the illumination beam path (1) with the 3 (m - 1) + 3 An aperture image in which at least one measuring beam path (11) is realized on the surface of the m - 1st partial layer sequence, where m assumes the values of 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the illumination beam paths (1) and Müßstrahlengängen (11) by different contours and / or different positions on the optical axis of the 3 η + 1st aperture images and / or the 3n + 2nd aperture images and / or the 3 η + 3. aperture images different η + 1st aperture divisions are realized and a simultaneous measurement in different layers of different n. Sub-layer sequences takes place. 6. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the illumination beam paths (1) and in the Meßstrahlengängen (11) side by side perpendicular to the optical axis 3η + 1st aperture images, 3n + 2nd aperture images, 3n + 3rd aperture images, 3 (m - 1) + 1st f-stops and 3 (m - 1) + 3. Aperture images are realized and a simultaneous measurement takes place in different locations of the plane of the layer of the n-th sub-layer sequence and / or in different layers of different n-sub-layer sequences. 7. The method according to claims 1 or3, characterized in that in the at least one measurement cycle in the first measurement light from all layers of the body (6) is determined by at least one image 19 of a first aperture (9) of the at least one illumination beam path ( 1) and at least one image (20) of a second diaphragm (13) of the at least one measuring beam path (11) are imaged on the surface of the body (6) with identical geometry, in the at least one second measurement light from the partial layer sequence (24) of Body (6) is determined by the at least one image (19) of the first Aperture (9) of the at least one illumination beam path (1) with the at least one image (21) of a third diaphragm (14) of the at least one measuring beam path (11) realizes the at least one diaphragm division on the surface of the body (6) and calculates the light at least one single layer (25) of the body (6) is determined. 8. The method according to claims 1 and 2 odor 3 and 4, characterized in that in the at least one measuring cycle, the at least one image (19) of the first diaphragm (9) in the at least one illumination beam path (1) with the at least one Blendenteiluno on realized the surface of the body (6) and in the first measurement light from all layers of the sub-layer sequence (24) is determined by at least one image (31) of a fourth aperture (3) of the at least one illumination beam path (1) and at least one image ( 32) of a fifth diaphragm (17) of the at least one measuring beam path (11) on the surface of the partial layer sequence (24) are imaged with identical geometry, is determined in at least one second measurement Lhht from the part (27) of the partial layer sequence (24), in that the at least one image (31) of the fourth diaphragm (3) with the at least one image (33) of a sixth diaphragm (23) in the at least one measuring beam path (11) comprises at least one diaphragm realized on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (74) and determined by calculation light of the at least one single layer (26) of the sub-layer sequence (24). 9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the at least one illumination beam path (1) uses continuous or pulsed light at least one variable wavelength or at least a variable wavelength range, preferably a mapping of a small spot size on the part of n. Teilschichtfolge takes place and the spectral shape of the light is determined at least a single layer of the n. Subschichtfolge. 10. The method according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for examining the body (0) with diffusely reflecting surface of the n. Subschichtfolge preferably natural light in the at least one illumination beam path (1) is used. 11. The method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for examining the body (6) with regularly reflecting surface of the n. Subschichtfolge measures to eliminate the regular reflected light, preferably linearly polarized light and / or the principle of Aperturblendteilung and / or or dispersive elements (18), (22). 12. The method according to claims 9 to 11, characterized in that before, during or after the measurement cycle, the light in the at least one illumination beam path (1) is measured and used for the quantitative determination of light components. 13. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the measuring cycle equal wavelengths of light in the at least one illumination beam path (1) and in the at least one measuring beam path (11) applied, in the first measurement, the light from all layers of n. Partial layer sequence, in the second measurement, the light from the part of n. Partial layer sequence determined and by quotient between the results of the first measurement and the light in the at least one illumination beam path (1) according to the formula. ml D «! ul I 1 0 and by quotienting between the results of the second measurement and the light in the at least one illumination birefringent (1) corresponding to the formol 0
M2 2 0 and advantageously assuming a spherical scattering matrix according to the formula Cl - 2 <R - R) 3
1 2 the reflection of the at least one part of the nth sub-layer sequence is determined. 14. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the at least one measuring cycle tunable monochromatic light of the same wavelengths in the at least one illumination beam path (1) and in the at least one measuring beam path (11) applied in the at least one first measurement of Spectral course of the scattered light from all layers of n. Sub-layer sequence, determined in the at least one second measurement, the spectral shape of the scattered light of the part of the n. Teilschichtfolge and by subtraction between the results of the first measurements and the results of the second measurements, a spectral profile of the scattered light the individual layer of the n. Subschichtfolge is determined. 15. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the at least one measuring cycle constant wavelengths of light in the at least one illumination beam path (1) and non-overlapping with this light wavelength ranges of the light in the at least one Meßstrahlengang (11), in the at least one first measurement of the spectral course of the fluorescent light from all the layers of the n th sub-layer sequence, in which at least one second measurement determines the spectral course of the fluorescent light of the part of the n th sub-layer sequence and by subtraction between the results of the first measurements and the results of second measurements, at least one spectral profile of the fluorescent light of the individual layer of the nth sub-layer sequence is determined. 16. The method according to claims 9 and 14, characterized in that from the obtained in the first measurement cycle spectral shape of the light of the individual layer of n. Sublayer sequence and from the obtained at least in a further measurement cycle spectral curve of the scattered light of the individual layer of the n Partial layer sequence is determined by subtraction of the spectral profile of the fluorescent light of the individual layer of the n-th sub-layer sequence. 17. The method according to claims 9 and 15, characterized in that from the obtained in the first measurement cycle spectral shape of the light of the individual layer of n. Sublayer sequence and from the obtained at least in a further measurement cycle spectral profile of the fluorescent light of the individual layer. Sub-layer sequence by subtraction of the spectral shape of the scattered light of the individual layer of the n. Sub-layer sequence is determined. 18. An arrangement for separate reflectometric detection of the light of individual layers of a body with optically accessible structure, using a light source, at least one receiver and a processing and control unit, characterized in that in illumination beam paths (1) 3n + 1st aperture and in Meßstrahlengängen (11) 3n + 2. Apertures and / or r3n + 3. Apertures are arranged so that their images on the surface of the n th sub-layer sequence are identical to the images of 3 η + 2. Apertures are designed in such a way that their images on the surface of the nth sub-layer sequence are identical to the images of the 3n + 1 blends, the 3n + 3. apertures are designed in such a way that their images on the surface of the nth sub-layer sequence match the images of the 3 η + 1. Fades each one η + 1. Realize aperture divisions and the translucent areas of the images of the 3 η + 1st f-stops and the images of the 3n + 3rd f-stops equal to si nd, and beam splitters (10) in the illumination beam paths (1) and measuring beam paths (11) are arranged, wherein for η a natural number greater than or equal to "zero" is allowed. 19. The arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that in the measuring beam paths (11), the 3n + 2nd aperture and the 3n + 3rd aperture are arranged changeable. 20. The arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that in each case a first measuring beam path (11), the 3n + 2nd aperture and in each case a second measuring beam path (11), the 3n + 3rd aperture is arranged. 21. The arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that 3 (m - 1) + I.Blenden in the illumination beam paths (1) and 3 (m - 1) + 3. Apertures in the Meßstrahlengängen (11) are arranged, wherein the 3 (m - 1) + 3. Apertures are designed in such a way that their images on the surface of the m - 1st sub-layer sequence with the images of the 3 (m - 1) + 1st diaphragms realize m-fold P.divisions and, advantageously, the translucent ones Surfaces of the images of the 3 (m - 1) + I blends and the images of the 3 (m - 1) + 3. apertures are the same size and m optionally assumes the values from 1 to η. 12. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that the 3 (m - 1) + I.Blenden in the illumination beam paths (1) and / or the 3 (m - 1) + 3. diaphragms in the Meßstrahlengängen (11) arranged changeable are. 23. Arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that in each case one illumination beam path (your different 3 (m - 1) + 1st aperture and in each case a measuring beam path (11) a different 3 (m - 1) + 3rd aperture are arranged , 24. Arrangement according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that in the at least one illumination beam path (1) at least a first diaphragm (9) is arranged and in the at least one Meßstrahlengang (11) at least a second diaphragm (13) and at least one third aperture (14) are arranged changeable, wherein the at least one second diaphragm (13) is designed so that its image (20) on the surface of the body (6) identical to the image (19) of the at least one first diaphragm (9 ), the at least one third diaphragm (14) is designed such that its image (21) on the surface of the body (6) with the image (19) of the at least one first diaphragm (9) realizes a diaphragm division and the light-transmissive surfaces the image (19) of the at least one first diaphragm (9) and the image (21) of the at least one third diaphragm (14) on the surface of the body (6) are of equal size, and at least one beam splitter (10) in the at least one Beleuchtun gsstrahlengang (1) and in the at least one measuring beam path (11) is arranged. 25. Arrangement according to claims 18 and 20, characterized in that in the at least one illumination beam path (1) the at least one first diaphragm (9), in the at least one first measuring beam path (11), the at least one second diaphragm (13) and in the at least one second measuring beam path (11), the at least one third diaphragm (14) are arranged, wherein the at least one second diaphragm (13) is designed so that their image (20) on the surface of the body (6) identical to the image (19) is the at least one first panel (9), the at least one third panel (14) is designed so that their Bi d (21) on the surface of the body (6) with the image (19) of the at least one first Aperture (9) realizes an aperture pitch and the translucent areas of the image (19) of the at least one first aperture (9) and the image (21) of the at least one third aperture (14) on the surface of the body (6) are the same size, and beam splitter (10) in de m at least one illumination beam path (1) and the at least one measuring beam path (11) are arranged. 26. Arrangement according to claims 19 and 21, characterized in that the at least one first diaphragm (9) in the at least one illumination beam path (1) and the at least one third diaphragm (14) in the at least one measuring beam path (11) are arranged, and in de ^r i. at least one illumination beam path (1) at least one fourth diaphragm (3) is arranged and in which at least one measuring beam path (11) at least a fifth diaphragm (17) and at least one sixth diaphragm (23) are arranged exchangeably, wherein the at least one fifth diaphragm ( 17) is designed so that its image (32) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) is identical to the image (31) of the at least one fourth aperture (3) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24), the at least one sixth aperture (23) is designed such that its image (33) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) with the image (31) of the at least one fourth diaphragm (31) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) realizes a diaphragm division and the light-transmissive surfaces of the image (31) of the at least one fourth diaphragm (3) and of the image (33) of the at least one sixth diaphragm (23) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) are of equal size and at least one beam Eiler (10) in the at least one illumination beam path (1) and in the at least one Meßstrahlengang (11) is arranged. 27. Arrangement according to claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the at least one first diaphragm (9) in the at least one illumination beam path (11) and the at least one third diaphragm (14) in the at least one measuring beam path (11) is arranged, and in the at least one illumination beam path (1) the at least one fourth diaphragm (3), in which at least one first measuring beam path (11) the at least one fifth diaphragm (17) and in the at least one second measuring beam path (11) the at least one sixth diaphragm (23) is arranged, wherein din r 'idbolens a fifth diaphragm (17) is designed in that its image (32) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) is identical to the image (31) of the at least one fourth aperture (3) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24), the at least one sixth aperture (23) being so configured in that its image (33) realizes an aperture division on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) with the image (31) of the at least one fourth diaphragm (3) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) and the light-permeable surfaces of the image (31) at least one fourth diaphragm (3) and the image (33) of the at least one sixth diaphragm (23) on the surface of the sub-layer sequence (24) are of equal size, and one each beam splitter (10) in the at least one illumination beam ang (1) and in which at least one measuring beam path (11) is arranged. 28. Arrangement according to claims 18 and 21, characterized in that the diaphragms (3), (9), (13), (14), (17), (23) are arranged displaceably along the optical axis and / or the Radial distances of the contours of the diaphragm (3), (9), (13), (14) (17), (23) from the optical axis, preferably the at least one 3η + 3. diaphragm, are variable. 29. Arrangement according to claims 18 and 21, characterized in that the at least one 3n + 1st aperture in the at least one illumination beam path (1) is designed so that their image on the regularly reflecting surface of the n. Teilschichtfolge and preferably at least a 3 (m - 1) + I diaphragm in the at least one illumination beam path (1) is designed in such a way that its at least one image on the at least one regularly reflecting surface of the m - 1 partial layer sequence corresponds to the lines of the same depolarizer! correspond. 30. An arrangement according to claim 29, characterized in that for the body (6) having a spherical shape and regularly reflecting surface, preferably the at least one 3 η + 1st aperture and / or the at least one 3 (m - 1) + 1st aperture are designed to be translucent for rays in an environment of the optical axis and in a region having the azimuths 0 degrees and 90 degrees, opaque to rays outside the region, and the at least one 3n + 3. aperture and / or the at least a 3 (m-1) + 3. aperture are designed to be opaque to rays in an environment of the optical axis and in an azimuth 0 degree and 90 degree range, to be transparent to out-of-range rays, and to the light transmissive surface the aperture images are the same size. 31. The arrangement according to claims 18,25,26 and 27, characterized in that in the at least one illumination beam path (1) a first dispersive element (18) and / or in the at least one measuring beam path (11), a second dispersive element (21 ), preferably monochromators with a holographic grating or filters of different spectral transmission ranges or polychromators, are optionally arranged. 32. Arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that in regularly reflecting surfaces as a beam splitter (10) a polarization prism, preferably a Glan-Thompson prism (29) with additional prisms (7), is arranged.