DD287547A5 - DURABLE, BUEL-FREE, WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a durable, non-breaking, woven fabric having high wearing properties and high durability against chafing on a hard surface of fiber blends of high and low modulus fibers. The essence of the invention is that the fabric is from 8 to 70% high modulus organic staple fibers, the modulus being greater than 200 g / dtex, and having a linear density of less than 10 dtex per fiber and from 30 to 92 % organic staple fibers with a low modulus, wherein the modulus is less than 100 g / dtex. The fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on at least one surface of the fabric which is at least 25% greater than the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on the same area of a green fabric having the same basis weight and construction, being 100% high modulus staple fibers has been produced. In doing so, the low modulus staple fibers are shrunk to the point where they hold the high modulus staple fibers in place. {Woven Fabric; Fiber mixture; Fiber module; Staple fibers; Structural properties; Durability; Wyzenbeek-Scheuerbestaendigkeit}

Description

For this 2 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a durable, woven fabric with good aesthetic properties and to the method of manufacture.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Fabrics made exclusively from high modulus fibers (greater than 200g / dtex) are suitable for garments where durability is an important factor. Their abrasion resistance when rubbing on a hai U η surface is relatively large compared to that of fabrics made from low modulus (less than) fibers

100g / dtex). Fabrics made of high modulus fibers are, however, inferior in their aesthetic and wearing properties to those of low modulus fibers. In Garments, it is desirable to combine the aesthetic and wear properties of low modulus fiber fabrics, such as cotton, with the durability of high modulus fiber fabrics, such as polyp (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T).

The behavior of scrub tests is generally a good indication of the expected service life. Fabrics having high abrasion resistance on hard surfaces and good aesthetic properties would be useful for many types of garments, especially clothes for steelwares and coal mines.

An example of a currently available single-fiber fabric that is both comfortable and durable is a 3x1 body-weave fabric made of 70% cotton, 15% nylon and 15% polyester. It has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance (as defined below) of about 1-1.5 cycles / g / m ² . Cotton fabrics have low resistance to scuffing when rubbing on a hard surface while that of PPD-T is relatively high. However, the known fabrics made from blends of PPD-T and cotton have only slightly increased abrasion resistance than ηιτ au. Bai.mwolle existing fabrics and a significantly lower abrasion resistance than just fabric produced as PPD-T.

Increased abrasion resistance has been achieved in garments through the use of thermoplastic stains which are applied to portions of heavy wear. However, the patch has a higher fabric stiffness, a poor moisture permeability, and can easily peel off.

ZIo! the invention Object of the invention Is the production of comfortable clothing with a long life. Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a woven fabric of high modulus yarns and organic, discrete staple fibers with a low modulus and good textlien, aesthetic properties and with an exceptionally high durability.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the fabric contains at least 15% staple fibers with a modulus of more than 200 g / dtex in the warp yarns. Between 30 and 92% of the fabric consists of staple fibers with a modulus of less than 100 g / dtex, the fabric having a fabric density of at least 1.0 and a fiber density greater than 1.0. Preferred fabrics have Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance on at least one face of the fabric which is at least 25% and preferably at least 50% higher than Wyzenbeek Specific Abrasive Resistance on the same area of a green fabric that is on the same weight basis and structure 100% made of staple fibers with a high modulus. In certain preferred fabrics, the Specific Wyzenbeek-scrub resistance is on at least one surface and preferably two surfaces of the fabric more than 5 cycles / g / m ^2, preferably more than 10 cycles / g / m '. The percentage of high modulus fibers in the warp yarns should be at least 15% to achieve this high abrasion resistance and should be between 8 and 70% for the entire fabric. For larger amounts, the fabric would be stiff and rough and would not have a good textile appearance. Preferably, the warp yarn contains at least 30% low modulus staple fibers. The wefts of the woven cloth may contain or be absent with high McIuI. In certain preferred fabrics, the warp yarn consists of a narrow mixture of crimped staple fibers. The percentage of staple fibers in the fabric is by weight unless otherwise specified.

In one method of embodying the invention, the warp yarns from which the fabric is woven are crimped staple fiber core sheath yarns in which the high modulus fibers form the core and are spun by low modulus synthetic fibers which form the sheath. Autoclave treatment of the green fabric can provide the requisite shrinkage to maintain a fabric having specific Wyzenbeok abrasion resistance that is at least 25% greater than the Wyzenbeek Specific Abrasion Resistance on the same face for a green fabric having the same build and basis weight 100% made from high modulus staple fibers. The autoclave treatment can be carried out by the action of high-pressure steam in an autoclave on rolls of raw fabric. Exposure time and temperature correspond to the values known in the art for inducing relaxation or crystallization of synthetic fibers to effect tissue shrinkage of about 5%. This process acts as a shrinking process when the fabric to be treated contains at least 30% low modulus, heat shrinkable fibers such as nylon, polyester or other synthetic fibers.

According to another mode of the invention, the flame retardant treatment of woven fabric may be made from conventionally spun yarns containing the required amount of high modulus fibers, i. i.e., at least 15% in the warp yarns, and also at least 30% cotton, will cause sufficient shrinkage to yield fabrics of the invention. The fabric is flame treated with TeUakisdihydroxy 'tyllphosphonium chloride urea condensate and dried. In this process, the raw fabric is degreased, dried and agitated by an aqueous solution in which the phosphonium compound is taken up by the cotton. Subsequently, the fabric is substantially dried (less than about 15% water content by weight of the fabric) and then exposed to liquid or gaseous ammonia, as well known in the art. In general, the fabric is then rinsed and kept under tension during drying in the warp direction while being unrestrained in the weft direction. The cotton fibers in the fabric swell greatly when contacted by the phosphonium compound

are wetted, and then experience a shrinkage, if they at least partially reduce the swelling during drying. Finally, the fabric subjected to the flame retardant treatment is subjected to conventional pressure shrinkage. For fabrics treated with flame retardants or other materials that permanently alter the weight of the fabric, the staple fiber composition is determined by the weight of the garment and fabric after treatment of the fabric, not previously, to determine if the fabric is weakened de ^r invention. Another way of making articles of the invention is to mercerise a woven fabric into warp yarns made from at least 15% high modulus fibers and at least 30% cotton in the fabric to obtain articles of the invention , In general, the mercerizing is carried out so that the raw fabric is drawn through an alkaline solution having, for example, between 10% and 24% alkali constituents, the temperature being about 82 ^° C. and the duration, for example, 30 s. The author of the invention has found that double mercerizing leads to the desired result. Care should be taken to limit the exposure time of the alkaline solution to the tissue to avoid degradation of the high modulus fiber. Subsequently, the fabric is rinsed, neutralized with acetic acid and dried under tension in the warp direction while allowing it to relax freely in the weft direction. The cotton fibers in fabric swell greatly when wetted by the alkaline solution and then shrink as the swelling decreases during drying. It should be noted that the mercerizing treatment can change the weight of the fibers in the raw fabric so much that the staple fiber composition changes based on the weight of the treated fabric. After the mercerizing treatment or treatments, the fabric may also be subjected to conventional pressure shrinkage treatment. It is also possible to apply a single mercerization treatment followed by a flame retardant treatment to achieve the desired result. to achieve.

Example 10 below uses several wash cycles of the core-sheath yarn fabric as a method of achieving the required shrinkage.

In any of the foregoing methods, the low modulus fiber within the woven fabric shrinks to bind or retain the high modulus fiber, which gives the fabric abrasion resistance, as described below. If the tissue is a Fas'; With high modulus, which is shrinkable and retains the properties attributable to the high modulus after shrinkage, the desired result can be achieved by shrinking the high modulus fibers adjacent to or instead of shrinking the low modulus fiber , Regardless of the manner of preparation, the tissue to be treated should have a fabric density of flour of greater than 1.0 and a fiber density of less than 1.0. The shrinkage treatment must be sufficient to raise the fiber density to more than 1.0, measured as described below, to obtain the scrub resistant fabric of the present invention. The high modulus staple fibers and the low modulus staple fibers are textile fibers having a linear density suitable for clothing, i. H. less than 10 tex fiber, preferably less than 5 dtex / fiber. Even more preferred are fibers having a linear density of from about 1 to about 3dtex / fiber. Curled fibers are particularly suitable for textural aesthetics and processability. The fabric is made from discrete staple fibers, that is, the staple fibers are not fused together or bonded together.

The method of making the fabric consists of the steps of weaving the fabric from warp yarns containing at least 15% staple fibers with a modulus of more air 200g / dtex, with 30 to 92% of the staple fibers of the fabric having a modulus of less than 100g / dtex and treating the tissue to achieve the desired level of tissue and fiber density.

The mechanism for the unexpectedly high abrasion resistance of the fabric of the invention made from a blend of high and low modulus fibers is believed to be that the high modulus fibers are firmly held at numerous locations within the fabric , As the tissue wears, refractive fibers (including high modulus fibers) are less likely to fall out of the tissue as they are still attached to their stella. Instead of falling out of the fabric, they remain as a kind of pimples, which help to prevent the further abrasion of the tissue. This results in a buffer of broken ends of stiff high modulus fibers between the abraded and unbroken fibers of the fabric. Since the fibers with dom high modulus only viously abreibon, this Puffor dio reduced considerably future damage. If the high-modulus fibers are not anchored in the tissue, it would be likely that the broken fibers will fall out of the tissue through the gobobo's abridgment and will not protect the remaining tissue.

The reference to the figures helps to better understand what is considered to be the mechanism for this behavior.

Figures 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of plan views and sectional views, respectively, of a fabric according to the invention. The circled surface in the top view represents an abraded portion of the tissue. Figures 2 A and 2 B are schematic top plan and sectional views, respectively, of a green fabric that is structurally and basis weighted to the tissue in Figures 1A and 1B. The in-plane surface in plan view represents a rubbed portion of the fabric.

Two views of the fabric of the invention are shown schematically. In Fig. 1A, fabric or fabric 2, an ordinary woven fabric of warp yarns 3 and weft or fill yarns 4 are peeled. The circular area 5 represents a section in which the tissue is heavily abraded. Dio roughened zones 6 represent bristle-like pebbles consisting of broken fibers of fibers anchored within the fabric. Fig. 1B is a sectional view on line 1A-1A of Fig. 1A, showing the warp yarns 3 as continuous and the knobs 7, which represent broken ends of fibers, including high modulus, stiffer fibers.

Figure 2 A schematically shows a raw sheet 8 having the same basis weight and structure as the fabric in Figure 1A, but has other features with respect to the circular, chamfered surface 9. In the fabric, only a few broken fiber ends, including the high modulus fibers, are held, if at all. Instead, the broken fibers have fallen out of the tissue, causing the tissue in the abraded area to become thin, as shown in Fig. 2 B, which is a section on line 2 A-2 A of Fig. 2 A is.

Due to the presence of brush-like nubs of broken fiber ends, the fabrics of the invention in the abraded state are substantially less permeable to the passage of air than they were prior to abrasion.

This is in contrast to other fabrics with the same basis weight and structure (as the raw fabric from which the Fabrics made according to the invention) exhibiting a smaller decrease in permeability or more permeable to

the passage of air when they are rubbed off. The air permeability of fabric before and after abrasion is used as a measure of the degree to which the fibers in a fabric are held in determining the fiber strength, as described below. The fibers may be spun into the yarns by a variety of different spinning processes, including ring spinning, air jet spinning and friction spinning processes, the foregoing

Procedures but not limiting. An exemplary high modulus fiber for use in the present invention is a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) · Staple fiber (PPD-T staple fiber). This fiber can be prepared according to US-PS 3767756 and is commercially available. Other organic staple fibers having a modulus of at least 200 g / dt ex may also be used, including

the following, which are not limiting:

High modulus fiber of a copolymer of terephthalic acid with a mixture of diamines containing 3,4'- Dlaminodiphenyl ether and p-phenylenediamine, as disclosed in US-PS 4075172. High modulus and high molecular weight polyethylene fiber in the solution spinning process to form a gel fiber

and then stretched, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,430,383.

High modulus, ultra high tenacity, polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a degree of polymerization of at least 1500,

prepared by the dry jet wet spinning method as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,606,083.

High modulus fiber spun from an anisotropic melt-forming polyester or copolyester and after Spun heat-treated, the class disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,161,470, 4,118,372, and 4,138,395. An example of a

such polymer is de copolyester of equimolar amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.

As used herein, the term ".omanic staple fiber" refers to staple fibers of polymers that are both Contain carbon as well as hydrogen and also contain other elements such as oxygen and nitrogen

can.

An exemplary low modulus fiber that can be used in the present invention when using Mercerization or flame retardant treatment to achieve tenderness is cotton. Other

Cellulosic fibers, both natural and synthetic, such as flax or viscose, are also suitable, but variations in treatment may be required to achieve shrinkage, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Wool fibers can be used. Many low modulus fibers of synthetic origin, such as 66- and 6-nylon fibers,

Polyethylene terephthalate and other polyesters, polyacrylonitrile and other acrylic fibers, polybenzimidazole and poly (m-

phenylene isophthalamide) (MPD-I) are also useful for certain yarn constructions and fabric treatments such as

Autoclave shrinking suitable. There may be low modulus polyvinyl alcohol fibers such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,169,250

will be used.

Compression shrinkage is a treatment commonly used commercially in cotton fabrics as well as other tissues

It is particularly useful for minimizing residual shrinkage of the fabrics, and it can also be applied to fabrics of the invention. This process is described in several sources, for example in "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric", by Dr. Bernard P. Corbman, pp. 183-184 (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1975). In the pressure shrink process, the fabric is steamed with pure water and live steam along the

Web edge taken under stretching action and firmly pressed under controlled tension against a heavy cloth, the Tension of the cloth is then reduced to the desired level, whereby the fabric for adjustment and for

uniform shrinkage is brought, after which the Gewobe is guided during drying around a heated drum.

Applied to cotton-containing fabrics according to the invention, the pressure shrinkage would normally be the last step, dor

connects to the flame retardant or Mercerisbohandlung.

In the manufacture of the fabrics of the invention, durable press resins can be applied to the fabric. At the Tissue can also be run many other conventional tissue treatments. It is advantageous if in the Tissue incorporating additives in the range of 0 to 5% of the weight of the tissue are present. Experimental methods and regulations Production of substances for tests and determinations

All fabric testing and measurements for determinations, including determination of fabric basis weight and construction (count of individual warp yarns for each weft yarn) for raw and finished fabrics, are preceded by five wash drying cycles of the fabrics to be tested or measured. Each Wascfv / dry cycle consists of washing dos fabric in a conventional home washing machine in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a pH of 12, at a temperature of 57 ⁰ C and 1 <1minütigom stirring, followed by rinsing the fabric at 37 ^C C and Drying in a conventional drum dryer after each wash to maximum dryness at a maximum end temperature of 71 ⁰ C, which usually takes a drying time of about 30 minutes is needed. Contamination of the samples which have been subjected to the washing / drying cycles prior to the testing, eg by the action of starting materials, is carefully avoided. To avoid changes in the tissue structure resulting from the passage of time, the experiments and measurements on tissue samples will be carried out soon, ie within a few days after the five washing / drying cycles.

Determination of the Wyzenbeok test results

The Wyzonbeek Abrasion Test, in the modified form employed herein, is a hard abrasion or scouring test for testing fabrics that are expected to be at least some highly abrasion resistant. In short, he outweighs an experiment in which an apparatus is used in which a semicircular drum can oscillate about a 76mm bogon, first in one direction, then in the opposite direction, with the surface of the drum parallel to one another and to the surface of the drum Rotation axis of the drum two flattened Stäbo are attached. On the surface of the drum, a Schoucrbogen is clamped and centered over the flattened rods. Dor Apparatus is provided with clips, a tissue sample in a posture position above the scouring bow and in contact therewith under a predetermined tension

can hold. The drum, on which the scouring bow is mounted over the flattened bars to locate the scouring action, is rotated back and forth under the fabric sample, rubbing against the scouring sheet (each double rubbing over the scouring sheet, once in each direction, is one cycle ) until the tissue fails, with the number of rotation cycles to tissue failure being referred to as the value of the scrub test.

The above section gives a brief description of the experiment, and the actual experimental procedure relied upon by the author is described in RESEARCH DISCLOSURE, October 1988, Publication no. 29405, "Modified Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test", pp. 707-709, the exceptions being that the tissue samples prepared for testing are subjected to the five wash / dry cycles described above, and that the number of Cycles to failure are reported as the number of cycles the tissue sample is exposed until a hole appears in the tissue sample resulting from the breakage of a warp and weft at an interface The machine stops and regulates the tension to prevent the tension arms from falling more than 2 cm from the original horizontal adjustment The average number of cycles to failure thus determined is used to determine the specific Wyzenbeek skins resistance ,

Specific Wyzenbeek Scrub Resistance. After the average number of cycles to failure has been calculated in the manner described above, another calculation is made by dividing the average number of cycles to failure by the basis weight of the fabric in g / m ² . This value, the average number of cycles to failure divided by the basis weight of the fabric in g / m ² , is referred to as Specific Wyzenbeek Scrub Resistance. For fabrics with an asymmetrical structure, a separate calculation is performed for each surface.

Determination of tissue density

The degree to which yarns are assembled within a woven fabric is referred to as "fabric density," and is determined and calculated by the method described in RESEARCH DISCLOSURE, October 1988, Publication No. 29498, "Calculation of Fabric Thightness Factor." (Calculation of Tissue Density Factor), pp. 833-836, is omitted (the word "factor" is omitted here.) In determining tissue density, it should be noted that the fiber densities used in the calculations are the densities of the fibers in the tissue after tissue treatment and after the five washing / drying cycles should be, for example, for cotton fibers in fabrics with flame retardant treatment, the density values used should not only be those after the flame retardant treatment but also the five wash / dry cycles The linear density of a yarn in decitex or in cotton fineness is determined by removing the yarn from the washed fabric, by hand drawing the yarn to obtain the length of the yarn without fabric crimping, and then weighing this section to determine the approximate linear density, then the yarn is loaded to 0.11 g / dtex and its length determined under load. The length determined in this way is used together with the weight of the same yarn section to calculate the linear density used in the formula of the fabric density.

Determination of fiber density

The degree to which the fibers are held firmly in a woven fabric and resist breakage upon breakage is referred to as "fiber density" or fiber tenacity and is determined as follows: samples of each fabric are scrubbed by rubbing in the weft direction, using the Wyzenbeek method described above. Schouertostgerät, which was presented in the section "Determination of the Wyzenbeek Abrasion Test Values", but the criterion for the number of cycles to failure is the number of cycles the tissue sample is exposed until a hole appears in the tissue sample, due to broken warp and weft at an intersection, or it is found that enough warp yarns are broken to expose 0.32 cm of the weft yarn. The first occurring event counts. In the determination of fiber firmness, tissue samples of unsymmetrical construction are always abraded on the bottom of the fabric with the maximum warp float (the number of wefts passing the warp yarn between binding sites). The soite of the maximum warp float fabric is referred to as the "long float side" while the other side is referred to as the "short float side". First, it is determined in advance for each fabric how many abrasion or scouring cycles are necessary to scrape the fabric to failure. Three samples of each tissue are abraded to failure and the number of scrub cycles required to abrade the tissue to failure is determined from the average of the number of cycles to failure for these three samples.

To determine fiber firmness, the tissue samples were then abraded to 50% of the number of scouring cycles required to abrade the tissue until failure. These abraded tissue samples are then cleaned by holding the center of the abraded portion for a long time transversely into a 1.3cm diameter vertical stream of aerated water flowing at a rate of 10 l / min at a temperature of 6 ^e C and every 7 s is reversed from front to back. The water is led at the end of the Absporrhahns by a foines Motallsieb and thereby ventilated. The test pieces are hung vertically at 90 ^° C. in an oven and dried for half an hour. As they are stretched while rubbing, they are left to relax for at least 24 hours after removal from the oven to stabilize them.

The air permeable coke is then placed in the middle of the most abraded portion (the mid-point between the support of the fabric on the aluminum rods when the drum is at its highest point and equidistant from the sides of the sample) and at both ends of the test piece. outside the abraded section, measured according to the method described in ASTM-Vorlago D737-75 (Confirmation 1980). "Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics", which is optional A high-pressure machine equipped with a round orifice 2.86 cm in diameter and exposing an area of 6.45 cm ¹ of tissue is used on the pressure plates, a thin felt is used to eliminate atmospheric moisture over the surface of the tissue Experiments are carried out with a pressure of 12.7 mm water column over the Ge Webenoborflächon executed. Since only relative values and not the actual values dor

Air permeability are needed, the numbers registered in the vertical monometer for the oil level are not converted into air permeability values in the machine. The ratio of the average oil level read in the Vertical Monomer when testing outside the abraded area is calculated to the oil level reached during testing in the middle of the most abraded section (bbide values are measured on the same sample with the same nozzle). In order to avoid highly non-uniform test pieces, specimens are discarded when the difference between the two measurements taken outside the abraded portion exceeds 40% of the average of the two values. The average of three specimens is referred to as the air permeability factor.

The product of the air permeability factor and the fizzy float is divided by 3.5 and calculated to two decimal places. This value is referred to as "fiber density" or "fiber strength". Meaningful values are only obtained for fabrics with a warp fibrillation length of four or less. The number of wefts that the warp yarn passes between bonds is given below for various conventional types of fabric.

Fabric Maximum warp lottery plain weave 1 3 x 1 twill weave 3 satin 3 2 x 1 twill weave 2 4 χ i satin with woven harnesses 4

As an example of the fiber tenacity calculation, a plain weave 100% pure cotton fabric of ring spun yarns was made substantially by the same method as that used for the manufacture of the raw fabric in Example 4 below, except that 100% fiber ribbons were used Pima cotton were used. The twin-ring spun yarns had a linear density of 583dtex (nominal cotton count 20/2), and the 100% cotton raw fabric had a construction of 20 ends per cm χ 19 picks per cm and a basis weight of 276g / m ² . When tested according to the fiber strength determination method given above, three tissue samples were scoured to failure after an average of 50 scouring cycles in a predetermination. Three more tissue samples were each abraded, rinsed and dried for 25 cycles (50% of the average number of cycles to failure) as described above. For each tissue sample abraded for 25 cycles, the air permeability became the center of the most abraded section and measured at both ends (ends A and B in the table below) of the sample outside the abraded section. The following data were determined when determining the air permeability factor:

sample oil rise End B Avg. oil rise relationship No. 17.8 18.3 Scuffed off. Nichtabgescheuert / NichtabgescheuorteAbschn. 21.6 21.1 abraded 1 Endea 20.6 20.45 19.05 18.3 / 19.05 = 0.96 2 18.8 Air permeability factor = average 21.6 21.1 / 21.6 = 0.98 3 20.6 20.1 20.45 / 20.1 = 1.02 20.3 = 0.99

For this pure plain weave cotton fabric, the fiber finish is accordingly: Air permeability factor χ warp float / 3.5 - 0.99 x 1 / 3.5 = 0.28

In the fabrics of the invention, the fiber tenacity is 1.01 or more.

It has also been found in the preferred, most durable fabrics of the present invention that the Wyzenbeek Scrub Resistance itself is a sensitive parameter that determines whether the high modulus fibers in a given Gewobo are anchored therein. This can be determined by measuring the value of the Specific Wyzonbeek Scrub Resistant Coke. The biased Gowebe is a preferred woven fabric of the invention when the Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance is at least 5 cycles / g / m ', preferably 10 cycles / g / m ² .

By a separate criterion, the given fabric is a preferred fabric of the invention if the value of Wyzonbeek abrasion resistance of the given fabric on at least one face of the given fabric is at least 25% greater than the Wyzenbeek finish of a comparative raw fabric having the same basis and structure on the same side, which was 100% horgostollt from fibers with a high modulus. The comparison fabric of 100% high modulus fibers should be made from yarns of the same linear density and structure as the yarns from which the given fabric is made (e.g., it should be core mantle yarns if the yarns of the given fabric are core sheath yarns ), and the comparison fabric of 100% high modulus fibers should also have substantially the same construction and substantially the same reason as the given fabric. By "substantially the same construction" is meant that they are fabrics of the same type of yarn, for example plain weave, and that the weft and weft yarn counts are at least within 20% of the weft and weft yarn counts of the woven fabric and that the total number (individual) weft and weft threads (per unit area) are within about 10% of the total number of warp and weft threads of the given fabric.

By "substantially the same basis weight" it is meant that the basis weight of the precalibrium should at least be within about 25% of the basis weight of the given fabric, allowing a good comparison between the given weight and the comparison range of 100% high modulus fibers The reason for this is the basis of the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance.

If the given wtebo contains additives and the weight of the additives is known, the comparison raw tissue is 100%

High modulus fibers are made to have substantially the same basis weight as the given fabric, plus the weight of the additives, and so that the yarn and fabric construction are substantially the same as that of the given fabric without the additives. However, if the comparison between the fabrics is made on the basis of the values of the Wyzenbeek-Schouer test, divided by the basis weight of the fabrics, the basis weight of the given fabric including the additives is used, although for the given fabric a lower number of Cycles / g / m ² results.

If the given fabric contains additives and the weight of the additives is unknown, a comparative raw fabric is made from 100% high modulus fibers having substantially the same construction and basis weight as the given fabric (including additives), including yarns High modulus fibers having a sufficiently high linear yarn density to give the same basis weight as the given fabric.

Ausführungsbelsplel The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of examples. example 1 A very durable fabric according to the present invention was made using a flame retardant Swelling agent for the treatment of a woven fabric in plain weave from a yarn which consists of an intimate mixture of

two components, spun from 50% poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) staple fibers (PPD-T staple fibers) and 50% Pima cotton, onto an air jet rotor spinning machine.

The PPD-T fibers used to make spun yarn were commercially available with a crimp fiber Module of about 515g / dtex, a linear density of 1.65 dt ex (1.5dpf) and a cut length of 3.8cm (available as Aramid fiber "Kevlar" type 29 from E. l.duPont de Nemours and Co.). A 50% PPD-T fiber and 50% pima cotton blend woven web with a fiber length of 3,65cm was used in one

single gear spun on an air jet rotor spinning machine as generally shown and described in US Pat. No. 4,497,167 (marketed as Murata Spinning Machine, Model No. 8100065, Type No. 801, manufactured in November 1981 by Murata

K.K.K. in Kyoto, Japan). Dio machine setting is given in Table 2. The sliver had a linear density of

2.5 g / m. The yarn thus spun had a linear density of about 300 dtex (nominal cotton count 20/1). The spun yarn was then "S" twisted several times at 3.5tpc (turns per cm) to form a double yarn with a linear yarn

Density of 600dtex (nominal cotton fineness 20 / 2,546 denier). The double yarn was on a Woven loom weave to a fabric in plain weave. The raw fabric in plain weave had a construction of 19

(individual) warp yarns cm cm χ 19 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 257 g / m ² , a fabric strength of 1.08 and a fiber tenacity of 0.34. The specific abrasion resistance according to Wyzenboek was 1.5 cycles / g / m ² .

A quantity of the plain weave raw fabric prepared in the manner described above was set at 80 ° C

85'C degreased, colored on cooking and then the dyed fabric with an aqueous solution of tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC): urea condonate (a flame retardant known as "Proban CC from Albright & Wilson Inc., PO Box 26229, Richmond, Va., Available) in a molar ratio of 2: 1, followed by a

Setting process followed by gaseous ammonia through the wet tissue (containing about 10 to 20% water)

which had been treated with the THPC: urea condensate; then the fabric was rinsed and dried. During this treatment, the tissue was not restricted in the weft direction, whereas in the weft direction

The warp direction was taut because the fabric was pulled through the solution with the flame retardant. The Cotton fibers in the Gowebe swelled up while the fabric was in contact with the solution. This treatment

was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% based on the weight of the

Cotton containing 50% PPD-T and 50% cotton. After this treatment had

the fabric has a fiber content of 45% PPD-T fibers and 55% flame retardant treated cotton fibers.

The flame retardant treated fabric then became a conventional commercial pressure shrink treatment

subjected.

The finished (flame treated and heat shrunk) fabric had a build up of 20 (single) warp threads

per cm χ 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 298 g / m ² , a fabric strength of 1.18 and a fiber strength of 6.67. The Spoicific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 27.6 cyclon / g / m ² . Once the finished fabric was washed only once, it felt relatively soft, with a dry, pleasant feeling, and it had a guto

Wrinkle recovery, which came close to that of a pure cotton fabric. The results of fiber tenacity, fabric strength and Wyzenbeek Specific Abrasion Resistance for the finished fabric

(Fabrics of the invention) of Example 1, as well as the finished Gowebo's of other examples, are listed in Table 1 below.

A plain weave in plain weave made of 100% PPD-T fibers, which is based on the same as the raw fabric in Plain weave was made according to Example 1 and has the same basis weight and the same construction, had a Specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance of only 4.6 cycles / g / m ² . It felt stiff and rough, even after repeated ones Ablutions. When the fabric wrinkled, it almost did not recover, a fabric behavior typical of fabrics made from fibers

with such a high module.

Example 2 A very durable fabric according to the present invention was prepared by double mercerizing a fabric in Twill weave produced from ring spun yarns of intimate blends of PPD-T staple fibers, nylon staple fibers and Cotton was woven. A woven composite fiber tape of 25% blue colored PPD-T fibers with a linear density of 1.65 dtox and a cut Length of 3,8cm, 20% polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers (6,6 nylon fibers) with a linear density of 2,77dtex and one

cut length of 3.8 cm (available as nylon fibers T-420 from E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) and 55%

Combed cotton with a fiber length of 3 cm was prepared and processed by the conventional cotton system into a yarn with 3.6 turns / cm in Z-twist on a ring spinning machine. The yarn thus produced had 972dtox (nominal cotton fineness 6 / 1,883 denier) and was a single yarn.

The plain yarn thus produced was woven as a warp yarn on a shuttle loom in a 3 χ 1 twill weave, right side, using ring spinning singles yarns as wefts consisting of 30% of the same 6,6 nylon fibers as the warp yarn and 70% combed cotton, and the weft yarn having the same twist and linear density as the warp yarn. The raw body fabric had a construction of 25 (individual) warp threads per cm χ 19 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 498 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.10 and an i-fiber strength of 0.75. The fabric had a fiber content of 15% PPD-T fibers, 24% nylon staple fibers and 61% cotton fibers. The value of the Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance on the long float side (LF area) of the fabric was 1.2 cycles / g / m ² , abbreviated 1.2 LF cycles / g / m ² , while the value of Wyzenbeek Specific Abrasion Resistance the Kurzflottierungsseite (SF-surface of the tissue) was 1.3 cycles / g / m *, abbreviated 1,3SF cycles / g / m ^J. An amount of the twill raw fabric as described above had a width of 131 cm in the form removed from the loom (unwashed). It was degreased in hot water and dried under low tension on a frame. It was then held relaxed at a width of 122 cm and mercerized, for which it was exposed for a period of about 30 seconds of the action of a 24% igon sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 82 ⁰ C, then it was rinsed in water, neutralized and on dried hot cylinders. Mercerization was repeated with the sample material at a width. 114cm was kept. It was then stained blue on a conveyor and dried at 82 ° C-83 ° C on hot cylinders. After staining, the tissue was pressure-shrunk. The basis weight for the finished (double mercerized, pressure-shrunk) fabric was 467 g / m ² . It had a construction of 25 (individual) warp threads per cm χ 18 (individual) wefts j <cm, a count resistance of 1.10 and a fiber tenacity of 1.34. The fiber content was 15% PPD-T staple fibers, 24% nylon staple fibers and 61% cotton fibers. For the warp yarns the corresponding percentages were 25%, 20% and 55%. The Wyzonbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 4.4 LF and 4.4SF cycles / g / m ² . The finished fabric was soft in feel.

Example 3

A high abrasion resistant fabric of the present invention was produced as a plain weave, autoclave heat treated fabric from a 51% PPD-T staple fiber composite yarn and 49% poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) staple fibers (MPD-I fibers), which were fabricated in two Passages through the machine had been generated on an air jet rotor spinning machine.

The PPD-T fibers used to make the yarn were the same PPD-T fibers as in Example 1. The MPD-I fibers used to make the composite yarn were commercially available crystalline fibers having a linear density of 1.65dtex and a cut length of 3.8cm (available as aramid "Nonex" T-450 from EI duPont de Nemours & Co.).

First, a 2.5 g / m ² sliver was made from the PPD-T fibers and spun into a yarn on the air jet rotor spinning machine used in Example 1. The yarn thus produced had a linear density of 155 dtex (nominally 38 cotton). The PPD-T yarn spun in this first pass was then used as a core yarn in a composite yarn, after which it was redirected through the air jet spinning machine and bonded to a 2.5g / m ² fiber sliver of MPD staple fibers to make a composite single yarn. The machine settings for the first and second passes are given in Table 2. The composite monofilament thus produced was a core-shed yarn having a banded structure in which some of the PPD-T fibers in the PPD-T grain yarn were wrapped by loose ends of the PPD-T fibers and also some of the MPD-I fibers in the sheath PPD-T core yarn wrapped. The prebund single yarn was then subjected to 3 turns / cm "S" multiple turn to make a 605 dtex (nominal 20 / 2,550 denier) cotton double yarn.

The multiple yarn thus produced was woven on a shuttle loom to a plain weave fabric. The Loinwandbindung raw sheet had a construction of 21 (individual) warp threads per cm χ 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 277 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.13 and a fiber density of 0.56 , The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 4.2 cycles / g / m ² .

The gray fabric of a plain weave, which was prepared in the manner described above, wurdo as it was removed from the loom (unwashed), in an aqueous solution of 1% of a group consisting of einom long-chain alcohol sulfate surface active agent and 1% tetrasodium pyrophosphate at 99 ⁰ C 20 minutes, followed by 20 minutes of rinsing in 0.5% aqueous acetic acid at 71 ° C., cold-calender, and wound onto a tube which was then placed in an autoclave in a vertical position a zwanzigminütigon action of steam at 122 ⁰ C exposed to dazwischengofügten and a final five-minute vacuum cycles. had The finished (autoklavbchandelte) fabric has a construction of 20 (individual) warp yarns per cm χ 22 (individual) Schußfädon per cm, oin basis weight of 264 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.13 and a fiber density or strength of 1.25 The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 6.3 cycles / g / m ² . Diose fabric, which had 51% PPD-T / 49% MPD-I fiber oins fiber content, had a smooth, supple, relatively soft hand feel with good wrinkle recovery. The Fasorgehalt of the finished fabric was the same as the fiber content of the Rohgewebes.

A plain weave plain fabric over 100% PPD-T fibers made in the same way as the plain weave raw cotton blast of Example 3, having the same basis weight and texture, had a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance of only 2.3 cycles per g / m ² . It had a stiff, rough hand feel, was far rougher than the finished fabric of Example 3. The crumpling experienced almost no recovery. Example 4

Likewise in Example 1, a flame retardant swelling agent was used to treat a plain weave fabric woven from yarn spun from an intimate two-component blend of 50% P "DT staple fibers and 50 ° Pima cotton, in this case but a ring spun yarn was substituted for the yarn that had been spun on oinor air jet rotor spinning machine.

A woven composite fiber tape made of 50% of the same PPD-T fibers as in Example 1 and 50% Pima cotton mi! 3.65 cm fiber length was prepared and spun through the conventional cotton system into a 7.1 turn / cm "Z" twist yarn using a ring spinning machine. The yarn thus produced was subjected to 4.3 turns / cm "S" multiple twist to make a double yarn having a linear density of 614 dtex (nominal cotton denier 20 / 2,558 denier).

The double yarn was processed on a shuttle loom into a plain weave fabric. The plain weave raw fabric had a construction of 19 (individual) warp threads per cm x 21 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 261 g / m ² , a fabric density or tenacity of 1.10 and a fiber density or tenacity of 0 , 34th The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 2.2 cycles per g / m ² .

A quantity of the plain weave raw fabric was degreased, dyed, treated with a flame retardant swelling agent, set with gaseous ammonia, dried and subjected to a conventional commercial pressure shrinkage treatment as in Example 1, as it was taken from the loom (unwashed). This treatment was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% of the cotton weight in the fabric consisting of 50% PPD-T and 50% cotton. After this treatment, the fabric had a fiber content of 45% PPD-T staple fibers and 55% flax-inhibiting treated cotton fibers.

The finished (flame retardant, pressure-shrunk) fabric had a construction of 20 (individual) warp threads per cm χ 21 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 301 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.13, and a fiber density or strength of 2.90. The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 21.4 cycles / g / m ² . The finished fabric had aesthetic properties very similar to those of the fabric of the invention of Example 1. A plain weave plain weave of 100% PPD-T fibers made in the same manner as the plain weave raw fabric of Example 4 and having the same basis weight and structure has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance of only 3.2 cycles / g / m ² . It had a stiff, hard hand feel.

Example 5

As in Example 4, a flame retardant swelling agent was used to treat a plain weave fabric made from a ring spun yarn, however, the yarn was made from a two-component intrafiber two-component blend of 25% PPD-T staple fibers and 75% Pima Cotton was made.

The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that a 25% web of 25% of the same PPD-T staple fibers and 75% of the same Pima cotton were used to form a dual ring spun yarn of the same "Z" size. Twist and "S" multiple rotation. The yarn had a linear density of 649dtex (nominal 18/20 baht, 590 denier).

The double yarn was woven on a shuttle loom and a plain weave fabric was made. The gray fabric of a plain weave had a construction of 19 (individual) warp yarns per cm χ 18.5 (individual) picks per cm, a basis weight of 275g / ^m:, a fiber density of 0.29 or -festheit and a Gewebodichto or -festheit of 1.06. The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 1.05 cycles / g / m ² .

As in Example 4, a finished (flame-retardant, shrink-shrunk) fabric was then produced. The treatment was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% based on the weight of the cotton in the fabric consisting of 25% PPD-T and 75% cotton. After this treatment, the fabric had a fiber content of 22% PFD-T staple fibers and 78% flame retardant treated cotton fibers.

The resulting fabric had a construction of 20 (individual) warp yarns per cm x 18.5 (individual) picks per cm, a basis weight of 301 g / ^m:, 'Oine Gnwobcdichto or -festheit of 1.13 and a fiber density or -festheit from 1.25. The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 5.3 cycles / g / m ² . The finished fabric had aesthetic properties very similar to those of a flame retardant pure cotton fabric of similar construction and basis weight.

Examples

Similarly as in Example 1, a flame retardant swelling agent was used to treat a wall-weave fabric woven from a yarn spun on an air jet rotor spinning machine, but in this case a composite yarn was made from 58% PPD-T staple fibers and 42% Pima cotton made in two passes through the machine.

First, a sliver of PPD-T fibers of 2.5 g / m was prepared and spun into a yarn on an air jet rotor spinning machine by the same method as in Example 3 to make a yarn of 100% PPD-T into 155 dtex. The PPD-T yarn prepared in the first pass was then used as a core yarn to make a composite yarn, after which it was again passed through the air jet rotor spinning machine and bonded with Pima cotton sliver at 3.9 g / m with a fiber length of 3.65 cm to produce a composite single yarn. The machine settings for the first and second passes are listed in Table 2. The composite yarn thus produced had a linear density of 245dtex and was a core-sheath yarn having a donut-toned structure in which some of the fibers in the PPD-T core yarn were wrapped by other PPD-T fibers and some of the cotton fibers in the sheath were also PPD- T-core yarn fibers wrapped. The Verbundeinfachgarn was then plied to make a two-folded mi ¹ .3,0 turns / cm to a "S" twist having a linear density of 530dtox (nominal 22/2 cotton count, 4ö2 denier) had.

The double yarn was worked on a contactor chair to make a woven fabric weave. The raw fabric had a build up of 20 (individual) warp threads per cm x 19 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis of 234 g / m ² , a fabric density or tenacity of 1.07, and a fiber density or fiber strength factor of 0.33. The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 3.3 cycles / g / m ² .

A quantity of the plain weave raw fabric was degreased, dyed, quenched with a flame retardant broth, set with gaseous ammonia, rinsed, dried, and subjected to conventional commercial pressure shrinkage treatment as in Example 1, as received from the loom. These

Treatment was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% based on the weight of the cotton in the fabric consisting of 58% PPD-T and 42% cotton. After this treatment, the fabric requires a fiber content of 53% PPD-T staple fiber and 47% flame retardant treated cotton fiber. The finished (treated flame retardant pressure-shrunk) fabric had a construction of 21 (individual) warp yarns per cm x 19 (individual) weft threads per cm, a basis weight of 247g / m ^2, a fabric density or -festheit of 1.05 and a fiber density or - firmness of 2.14. The specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance was 8.3 cycles / g / m ² . The finished fabric had a fairly soft hand feel, although it was somewhat harsher than the hand feel of the Example 5 fabric. In general, the higher the percentage of PPD-T fibers, the greater the stiffness, the heavier the gas hand feel, and the worse wrinkle recovery.

Example 7

A very durable fabric according to the invention was made by using a flame retardant swelling agent to treat a twill weave fabric woven from a composite warp yarn consisting of 50% PPD-T staple fibers and 50% Pima cotton, manufactured on an air jet rotor spinning frame in two passes through the engine, and made of pure cotton weft yarn.

Similar to Example 6, a 2.5 gm / ft. Band of PPD-T fibers was first made and spun on an air jet rotor spinning machine into a yarn that was a 153dtox 100% PPD-T yarn. The first pass PPD-T yarn was then used as a core yarn to make a pre-yarn by passing it again through the air jet rotor spinning machine and with a 2.5 g / m Pima cotton fiber sliver having a fiber length of 3.65 cm The machine settings for the first and the second passes are given in Table 2. The yarn, a prebund single yarn, was then twisted together to form a single color yarn which was a core-sheath yarn having a banded structure to make a 3 turns / cm 2 "S" twisted yarn with a linear density of 617 dtex (nominal cotton count 19 / 2.561 denier).

The yarn prepared was used as a warp on a shuttle ¹ for a 3 χ 1 twill construction with 4.3 turns / cm of "Z" twisted cotton single ring spun yarn and a linear density of 820rJtex (nominal 7 / 1.745 denier cotton) to produce a fabric in a twill weave. The Köperrohgewebe had a construction of 30 (individual) jecm warp x 20 (individual) picks per cm, a basis weight of 400 g / m ^2, a fabric density of 1.08 or fes'.heit and The fabric had a fiber content of 28% PPD-T staple fiber and 72% cotton The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 3.1 LF and 0.9SF cycles / g / m ^2, respectively A quantity of the twill raw fabric was degreased, dyed, treated with a flame retardant swelling agent, tied off with gaseous ammonia, rinsed, dried and taken from a conventional commercial press as it was taken from the loom (unwashed) subjected to the treatment as described in Example 1 above. This treatment was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% based on the weight of the cotton in the 28% PPD-T and -: v 72% cotton fabric. After this treatment, the fabric had a fiber content of 23% PPu-T staple fibers and 77% flame retardant treated cotton fibers. For the warp yarns the corresponding percentages were 45% and 55S, respectively.

The finished (flame retardant treated, pressure-shrunk) Köpergpwebo had a construction of 29 (individual) warp threads per cm x 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 447 <j / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.09 and a Fiber density or strength of 2.06. Specific Wyzenbeek scab resistance was 7.8 LF and 18.7 SF cycles / g / m 2, respectively. The finished fabric had the fiber-flexibility, creasing and a soft handfeel that came close to those of a pure cotton fabric.

Examples

A very durable fabric according to the present invention was made using a flame retardant swelling agent to treat a satin fabric woven from a composite yarn consisting of 50% PPD-T staple fibers and 50% Pima cotton and an air jet rotor spinning machine made in two passes through the machine, and from a pure tree-full weft yarn.

An amount of the Zweifachgarnos, which was in the Example 7 used i- η weaving the Köporgowebes, wurdo for the Kotte satin fabric vorwendet, while the fill or Schußgarno consisted of 100% pima cotton and dual ring spun yarns with 7 turns / cm and " Z 'twist and a linear density of 567dtex (nominal cotton f / 20 / 2,515 denier). The fabric had a fiber content of 30% PPD-T staple fibers and 70% cotton. The Satinrohgdwebe had (einz) a structure of 35 (individual) warp yarns per cm χ 24 LNEN) weft threads per cm, a basis weight of 413g / m ^2, or a fabric density of 1.13 and a -festheit Fassrfesthoit of 0.94. The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 3.3 LF and 0.97 SF cycles / g / m ² .

A finished (flame retardant treated, pressure-shrunk) satin fabric was then made from corresponding green fabric using the same procedure as in Example 7 for the finished Köpei fabric. The treatment was carried out so that the uptake of THPC: urea condensate was 20% on the basis of the weight of the cotton in the 30% PPD-T and 70% cotton-emphasizing Gowebe. After this treatment the fabric had a fiber content of 27% PPD-T staple fibers and 73% flame retardant treated cotton fibers, for the warp yarns uotrugon the respective percentages were 45% and 55%, respectively. The finished tissue hall? a build up of 34 (individual) warp yarns per cm χ 24 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 437 g / m ² , a fabric thickness or stiffness of 1.13 and a fiber tenacity of 2.48. The specific Wyzonbcok abrasion scores were 14.5LF and 11.2SF cycles / g / m ^? ,

The finished fabric had a fabric flexibility, a crease recovery and a soft hand feel, which came close to a pure cotton fabric.

Example 9

Similar to Example 7, a flame retardant swelling agent was used to treat a twill woven from a warp yarn of 60% PPD-T staple fibers and 50% cotton and a pure cotton weft yarn, but in this case the warp yarn was a ring spun yarn made from a sliver of intimate two-component blend of combed cotton PPD-T fibers.

A woven composite fiber tape was made on 50% of the same PPD-T fibers as in Example 1 and 50% combed cotton with a fiber length of 3 cm and after the conventional cotton system into a yarn with 4.7 turns / cm "Z" twist The yarn thus prepared was a 516dtex single yarn (nominal 11/1,479 denier cotton count).

The singles yarns thus produced were knit as a warp loom for a 3 χ 1 twill weave with a 100% carded cotton ring spun yarn (average fiber length 2.7 cm) as a single yarn with 3.9 turns / cm in "Z" twist and a linear yarn The twill weave fabric had a fiber content of 29% PPD-T staple fibers and 71% cotton and had a build up of 33 (plain) warp yarns per cm 19 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 404 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.11 and a fiber tenacity of 0.77 The values of the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance were 0.8 LF and 0, respectively. 7 SF cycles / g / m ² .

A finished (flame retardant, pressure shrunk) twill fabric was then made using the same procedure used to produce the finished twill fabric of Example 7 from the corresponding green fabric. The treatment was carried out so that the uptake of the THPC: urea condensate was 20% based on the weight of the cotton in the fabric consisting of 29% PPD-T and 71% cotton. After this treatment, the fabric had a fiber content of 25% PPD-T staple fibers and 75% flame retardant treated Bai / mwollfasern. For the warp yarns, the corresponding percentages were 45% and 55%. The finished fabric had a construction of 33 (individual) warp threads per cm χ 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 437 g / m ² , a fabric density or tenacity of 1.11 and a fiber tenacity of 1.31. The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 5.1 LF and 8.5 SF cycles / g / m ^2, respectively.

Once washed, the finished fabric of 25% PPD-T and 75% cotton had the dry, pleasant hand feel of a pure cotton fabric and approached a pure cotton fabric in softness, wrinkle recovery and flexibility.

Example 10

A very abrasion resistant fabric according to the present invention was made by a plurality of cycles of hot demineralized water, with stirring and then drying in hot air, from a 3x1 twill fabric of a core sheath yarn consisting of 40% PPD-T staple fibers and 60% combed cotton and made on a friction spinning machine.

A sliver of 3.2 g / m of the same PPD-T fibers as used in Example 1 was extruded axially at a speed of 0.8 m / min between the rotating rolls of a friction spinning machine (DREF3 spinning machine, Model No. 3 E3000604 manufactured by Fehrer Maschinen Co., Linz, Austria, in 1983). Five 2.5 g / m combed cotton fiber slivers with a fiber length of 3 cm were fed simultaneously perpendicularly to the sliver of PPD-T fibers at a speed of 0.315 m / min between the nip area of the two spinning drums rotating at 2000 rpm. At a speed of 110m / min, a 649dtex yarn (nominal 9/1590 denier cotton) of 40% PPD-T core and 60% cotton blend coat was peeled off. The yarn thus produced was used as a chain on a shuttle loom for a 3x1 twill fabric, with a ring spun single twist yarn of 3.9 turns / cm of 100% combed cotton and having a linear density of 836dtex (nominal cotton count 7/1,760 denier) as a weft was used to make a twill fabric. The raw fabric had a fiber content of 23% PPD-T staple fibers and 77% cotton. It had a build up of 30 (individual) warp threads per cm x 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 416 g / m ² , a fabric density or strength of 1.09 and a fiber tenacity of 0.86. The Wyzenbeek Specific Shear Abrasion values were 3.0 LF and 1.7 SF cycles / g / m ^2, respectively.

An amount of the Köporrohgewobe s was subjected to several cycles of alternately stirring in demineralized water at 6O ⁰ C in a conventional household washing machine and drying in a conventional household tumble dryer. The finished fabric, after 25 cycles, had a construction of 30 (individual) warp threads per cm x 20 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 420g / m ² , a fabric density or tenacity of 1.10 and a fiber tenacity of 1, 37th The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 8.2LF and 2.0SF cycles / g / m ^2, respectively. The finished fabric had the appearance of a pure cotton fabric because the wrapped PPD-T fibers were difficult to detect, and had the hand feel and wrinkle recovery similar to plain cotton fabric. The fiber content of the finished fabric was the same as the fiber content! of the raw tissue.

Example 11 Similar to Example 2, a double mercerization treatment was used to add a twill-bonded Gowebe

However, the warp yarn consisted of a sliver consisting of a single-minded two-component blend of 35% PPD-T fibers and 65% cotton, and the weft yarn was a pure one

Cotton yarn was. A Web mixed fiber tape made of 35% of the blue colored PPD-T fibers from Example 2 and 65% of the combed cotton Example 2 was prepared and made into a conventional 3.8 denier cotton yarn into a conventional cotton system

"Z" twist was processed on a ring spinning machine The yarn thus produced was a 971 dtex (nominal) single yarn

Cotton fineness 6 / 1,883 denier).

The single yarn thus prepared was used as a chain on a shuttle loom to a 3 x 1 twill construction, right side, while single ring spun yarn of 100% combed cotton with the same twist and linear density was used as a weft. The twill weave fabric had a construction of 22 (individual) warp threads cm χ 18 (individual) wefts per cm, a basis weight of 521 g / m \ a fabric density or tenacity of 1.09, and a fiber tenacity of 0.77. The fabric had a fiber content of 20% PPD-T staple fibers and 80% cotton. The values of the specific Wyzenbeek-scrub resistance were 1,3LF- or 1,9SF cycles /.- | / m ^l.

A lot of the above-prepared raw fabric Satte, as it was taken from the loom (unwashed), a width of 132cm. It was degreased in hot water and dried to a width of 124 cm on a frame under low tension. It was then held relaxed at a width of 122 cm and mercerized, for which it was placed in a 24% sodium hydroxide solution at 82 ° C. for 30 seconds, rinsed in water, neutralized and dried on hot cylinders, then pressure-shrunk The mercerization was repeated keeping the sample 114 cm wide, then it was dyed blue in a flow-through machine and dried on hot cylinders at 82 ° C.-83 ° C. After dyeing, it was again pressure-shrunk double mercerized, pressure-shrunk fabric was 480 g / m ^2. It had a construction of 25 (individual) warp yarns per cm x 18 (individual) weft threads per cm, a fabric density or -festheit of 1.09 and a fiber crispness of 1.26. The The fiber content was 20% PPD-T staple fibers and 80% cotton, and for the warp yarns the corresponding percentages were 35% and 65% .The values of the Specific Wyzenbeek Scrub Residues were 4.0LF and 3.4 SF cycles / g / m ² , respectively,

Example 12

Example 2 was repeated with the exception that the mixed route fiber web was made from 15% of the blue colored PPD-T fibers, 20% 6,6 nylon fibers and 65% combed cotton, the yarn thus prepared being a single yarn of the same twist and linear Density as the yarn in Example 2 was.

As in Example 2, the single yarn thus prepared served as a chain on a shuttle loom for a 3 x 1 body construction, while a single ring spun yarn of 30% 6,6 nylon fibers and 70% combed cotton served as the weft yarn, the weft yarn having the same twist and linear density how the warp had; but in this case a right and a left-sided twill fabric produced (otherwise identical). The left-side twill fabric was therefore a fabric in which the twill had a wire counter to the twill direction. In the tables, these tissues are referred to as 12R and 12L. These fabrics had a fiber content of 9% PPD-T staple fibers, 24% nylon staple fibers and 67% cotton fibers. The initial right hand twill fabric had a construction of 24.4 (individual) warp yarns per cm x 17.3 (individual) weft threads per cm, a basis weight of 505g / m ^2, a fabric density odor -fosthoit of 1.10 and a fiber crispness of 0 , 74th The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 1, OLF and 1.2SF cycles / g / m ² . The corresponding values for the initial left-sided body tissue were not determined.

As in Example 2, each of these unwashed twill woven fabrics, 131 cm wide, was degreased in hot water, dried at low tension on a frame, held relaxed at a width of 122 cm, for mercerizing for 30 sec. Of a 24% sodium hydroxide solution exposed at 82 ° C, rinsed in water, neutralized and dried on hot cylinders. The mercerization was repeated with the fabric held at a width of 114 cm. The fabrics were then dyed blue on a through-feed device and dried at 82 ^° C. on hot cylinders. After dyeing, they were pressure-reduced. The basis weight of the finished (double-mercerised, shrunk-through) fabrics was 460 g / m ² and 471 g / m ^2, respectively, for the left-sided and right-sided body tissues. The finished fabrics had a fiber content of 9% PPD-T staple fibers, 24% nylon staple fibers and 67% cotton fibers. In the warp yarns, the corresponding values were 15%, 20% and 65%.

The finished right hand twill fabric had a build up of 25 (individual) warp threads per cm x 17 (individual) wefts per cm, a fabric density or tenacity of 1.11 and a fiber tenacity of 1.08. The Wyzenbeok Specific Abrasives values were 2.3 LF and 3.1 SF cycles / g / m ² .

The finished left twill weave fabric had a build up of 25 (individual) warp threads per cm x 17 (individual) wefts per cm, a fabric density or tenacity of 1.11 and a fiber tenacity of 1.03. The Wyzenbeek Specific Scrub Resistance values were 3.3LF and 2.3SF cycles / g / m '.

The results from the preceding examples are summarized in Table 1, in which "Low. Mod. "," LF "and" SF "are abbreviations for" Low Modulus "," Long Float ", and" Short Float "respectively. The table gives the ratio of PPD-T fibers to low modulus fibers for the warp yarn, the same ratio applies to the fabric when the weft yarn is the same as the warp yarn. A separate ratio is given for the fabric in parentheses when the weft yarn is different from the warp yarn.

Table 1 Stapelfa relationship Tissue- Fiber- specific sern) m. PPD-T: LOW. crispness fostheit Schouerhostän- Fabric according to the invention LOW. Mod. Mod. speed Ex. Chain Cyclone / g / m * No. (Woven ») cotton 45:55 1.18 6.67 27.6 Nylon/ 25: 20/55 1.10 1.34 4,4LF cotton (15: 24/61) 4,4SF 1 MPDI 51:49 1.13 1.25 6.3 2 Cotton" 45:55 1.13 2.90 21.4 cotton 22:78 1.13 1.25 5.3 3 4 5

Stapelfa relationship Tissue- Fiber- -14- 287 547 Ex. serine) m. PPD-T: LOW. crispness crispness specific No. nledr. Mod. Mod. Scheuerbestän Chain speed (Tissue) Cycles / g / m ² cotton 53:47 1.05 2.14 6 cotton 45:55 1.09 2.06 8.3 7 (23:77) 7,8LF cotton 45:55 1.13 2.48 18,7SF 8th (27:73) 14,5LF cotton 45:55 1.11 1.31 11,2SF 9. (25:75) 5,1LF cotton 40:40 1.10 1.37 8,5SF 10 (23:77) 8,2LF cotton 35:65 1.09 1.26 2, OSF 11 (20:80) 4,0LF Nylon/ 15: 20/65 1.11 1.08 3,4SF 12R cotton (9: 24/67) 2,3LF Nylon/ 15: 20/65 1.11 1.03 3,1SF 12L cotton (9: 24/67) 3,3LF 2,3SF

Table 2 Settings of the air nozzle rotorsplnniashlne

Example No. 1

C / S

C / S

Sliver weight, g / min 2.5 2.5 / 2.5 2.5 / 3.9 2.5 / 2.5 Speed, m / min 160 160/160 140/140 160/160 Yield overall ratio 95 158/181 164/265 150/175 Stretching main ratio 35 35/35 35/35 35/35 feed ratio 0.98 0.99 / 0.99 0.97 / 0.97 0.99 / 0.99 Capacitor, mm 4 3.3 4.4 3.3 Distance roller nozzle, mm 39 09/39 39/39 39/39 Air pressure, kg / cm ² -Düsei 3.5 4.4 3.3 3.3 Nozzle 2 4 4.4 4.4 4.4

Note: C / S = core / jacket

Claims (31)

A durable, non-iron, woven fabric of yarns of discrete staple fibers and having good aesthetic textiles properties, characterized in that it consists of 8 to 70 "high-modulus organic staple fibers, the modulus being greater than 200g / dtex, and consisting of 30 to 92% low modulus organic staple fibers, the modulus being less than 100 g / dtex, the warp yarns of this fabric containing at least 15% of the high modulus organic fibers and the fabric having a fabric density or tenacity greater than 1.0 and has a fiber density or strength of more than 1.0. 2. A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of 8 to 70% organic staple fibers with a high modulus, wherein the modulus is greater than 200g / dtex, and with a linear density of less than 10tex per fiber and from 30 to 92% organic staple fibers having a low modulus, wherein the modulus is less than 100 g / dtex, and that the fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on at least one face of the fabric which is at least 25% greater than the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on the same area of a green fabric of the same basis weight and construction made of 100% staple fibers with a high modulus. A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the low modulus staple fibers have been shrunk to the point where they hold the high modulus staple fibers in place so that the fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on at least one surface of the fabric has at least 25% greater than the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on the same face of a green fabric of the same basis weight and construction made from 100% high modulus staple fibers. 4. A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of 8 to 70% organic staple fibers with a high modulus, the modulus being greater than 200g per dtex, and having a linear density of less than 10 tex per fiber and from 30 to 92%. low modulus organic staple fibers, wherein the modulus is less than 100 g / dtex, and having a linear density of less than 10 tex per fiber, and that the fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance greater than 5 cycles / g / m on at least one face of the fabric ² has. 5. A fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that the low modulus staple fibers are shrunk to the point where they hold the high modulus staple fibers in place so that the fabric has a specific wyzenbeek on at least one side of the fabric. Scrub resistance of more than 5 cycles / g / m ² has. A fabric according to claim 4, characterized in that the low modulus and high modulus fibers are crimped. 7. A fabric according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the warp yarns contain at least 15% fibers with a high modulus. A fabric according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on both faces of the fabric that is at least 25% greater than the specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance on each face of a green fabric of the same basis weight and construction made of 100% high modulus fibers. A fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that the fabric has a specific Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance of more than 5 cycles / g / m ² on both surfaces of the fabric. 10. A fabric according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the staple fibers have a linear density of from about 1 to about 3 decitex per fiber.
A fabric according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the yarns in the warp direction of the woven fabric are yarns consisting of both high modulus staple fibers and low modulus staple fibers and the yarns in the weft direction of the woven fabric only consist of staple fibers with low modulus. 12. A fabric according to claim 11, characterized in that the yarns in the weft direction consist of cotton. 13. A fabric according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is cotton. 14. A fabric according to claim 13, characterized in that the fiber with the high modulus is flame resistant and the cotton was treated flame retardant. 15. A fabric according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that additives which are oin related in the matter account for 0 to 5% by weight of the substance. 16. A fabric according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that the warp yarn consists of an intimate mixture of pekräuselten staple fibers. 17. A fabric according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that the warp yarn is a Kernmantelgarn of crimped staple fibers. 18. A fabric according to claim 1 to 17, characterized in that the high modulus fiber is a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber. 19. A fabric according to claim 1 to 17, characterized in that the high modulus staple fiber is a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber and the low modulus staple fiber is cotton. 20. The fabric of claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is a synthetic fiber. 21. A fabric according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is a blend of cotton and synthetic fiber. 22. A fabric according to claim 1 to 21, characterized in that the fabric is a twill weave in which the rotation of the warp yarn is opposite to the body direction of the fabric. A process for producing a durable fabric which is resistant to chafing on a hard surface and which has good aesthetic properties, characterized in that a woven fabric of yarns of discrete organic staple fibers having a fabric density or tenacity greater than 1, 0 and a fiber density or strength of less than 1.0 and containing between 30 and 92% staple fibers with a modulus below 100g per dtex, the warp yarn of the fabric comprising at least 15% organic staple fibers having a modulus greater than 200g / Dtex is subjected to a sufficient shrinkage treatment to raise the fiber density or strength to a value above 1.0. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the cloth contains at least 30% low modulus shrinkable fibers and the shrinkage treatment is applied to these low modulus shrinkable fibers. 25. The method of claim 23 and 24, characterized in that the low-modulus fiber is cotton and the shrinkage is performed by a mercerizing treatment. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the material can relax during the mercerizing in the weft direction. 27. The method according to claim 25 and 26, characterized in that the substance is once mercerized, then dried and re-mercerized. A method according to claims 23 and 24, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is cotton and the shrinkage treatment is a flame retardant process. A process according to claim 28, characterized in that the flame retardant treatment includes treatment with tetrakisis-hydroxymethyl-phosphonium chloride urea condensate and ammonia-setting. 30. The method of claim 23 and 24, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is an organic synthetic fiber and the shrinkage is carried out by heating in an autoclave. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the low modulus fiber is a polyamide. 32. The method of claim 23 and 24, characterized in that the warp yarn contains at least 30% staple fibers with low modulus.