DD286784A5 - DEVICE FOR BRAKE ENERGY STORAGE IN MEMORY SPRINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for storing the braking energy in storage springs and their use for acceleration. It is particularly suitable for vehicles that must be braked and accelerated frequently in both directions (forward and backward travel) and suitable for stationary systems. According to the invention, the object is achieved by four friction-disk clutch pairs, of which two driving and two holding clutches are movably coupled to one another on an axially continuously displaceable main shaft engaged with the wheels or axle of the device to be braked and accelerated. Two clutch halves are fixed to the main shaft, two clutch halves are fixed to the housing and two clutch halves, which sit on common discs, are connected to the ends of the storage spring. These disks are provided with counter-acting centric and peripheral freewheels {brake energy storage; Loaded spring; Torsion spring; Vehicles; Change of direction; Changing direction; Direction of rotation locks; Freewheel; Latch lock}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a device for storing the braking energy in storage springs and their use for the acceleration. It is particularly suitable for vehicles that must be braked and accelerated frequently in both directions (forward and reverse) and for stationary systems.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

It is known that the lost in vehicles by friction pads brake kinetic energy can be stored in flywheels or belt springs.

The brake energy storage in flywheels is not considered here.

In DE-OS 3131552 a braking device is described, which inputs the braking energy from the impeller into a band spring via two friction wheels arranged on an asymmetrical rocker, or conversely transfers the energy to the impeller from the "reversely wound spring." By a system of coupling The friction wheels on gears, freewheel and pawl is entered during braking, the kinetic energy in the spring and when accelerating the stored energy in the correct direction in the drive wheel, without turning freely, entered via a lever mechanism and retaining springs, the brake or drive wheel with the Impeller engaged.

This braking device has evidently been developed for bicycles and is not applicable in this form for motor vehicles and railway vehicles due to the suspension of the wheels, the necessary decentralized external arrangement on the wheels, poor operability and coupling with the vehicle brake, pollution, susceptibility, etc. The solution is not suitable for driving or reversing the direction of rotation.

Other known solutions could not prevail for similar reasons.

Rail vehicles e.g. but are mostly used in both directions.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to create a compact and reliable braking energy storage for vehicles that frequently reverse the direction of travel and stationary systems, the masses must often slow down and accelerate.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a compact and coupled system of power transmission elements and locks, which stores the braking energy of any braked vehicles and masses of suitable waves in büiden directions of rotation and releases in the same or opposite direction of rotation for acceleration. According to the invention the object is achieved in that on a constantly with the wheels or axle to be braked or accelerated device engaged and axially displaceable main shaft four Reibscheiben clutch pairs, of which two driver and two Hakekupplungen, movably coupled together »ind. Two coupling halves of the driver couplings are fixed to the main shaft, two coupling halves of the holding couplings are fixed to the housing and two coupling halves, which sit on a common disc, with the Ir.nenende the memory spring and two coupling halves, on a second common disc sit, are connected to the outer end of the accumulator spring, wherein the coupling halves on a disc is always one of a holding and a driving clutch.

These discs are mounted with oppositely acting freewheels, one of which is always turned on and one off, on the main shaft and locked to the housing in one, but with each other in opposite directions of rotation, of which a lock is always on or off.

The main shaft is axially displaceable in two operating positions and always brings a driver and a hall clutch in the operating position.

By further axial displacement beyond the operating position, the main wool brings the two Kupplungspaaro to frictional engagement. The axial displacement of the main shaft is effected by an actuator with detents of the Betricbsstellungen, which may be coupled, for example with the vehicle brake.

The two freewheels and the two directions of rotation locks can be designed so that they are in the intermediate position between the working positions bek '' engaged, so that sis block the system and prevent the self-relaxation of the spring. But this can also be done by a locking device with external control, which can be coupled to the actuating lever, which acts on the two of the accumulator spring connected clutch discs. It corresponds to the essence of

Invention, when a series connection or parallel connection of coil springs is carried out in dependence on the Biemsweg or braking force, with memory springs different clamping force can be used, or if the SpeI herfeder is arranged on a secondary shaft.

If the storage spring is arranged on a secondary shaft and an over- or reduction of the rotational movement, the two coupling halves bearing discs are formed as gears and s.'ehen with a pair of gears in engagement, which are independently mounted on the secondary shaft and each with one end is connected to the spring. If necessary, the direction of rotation locks 6n can also be accommodated here. The over or reduction can of course be done with V-belt or the like, where z. B. split V-belt pulleys can take over clutch functions.

It is also possible to use torsion springs instead of memory springs whose two ends are verbundon with the Loseseiten the couplings.

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention is the following: ¹ V

By means of the actuating lever, the main shaft or an axially displaceable sleeve with form fit to the main shaft in an end position and thus a driver and a holding clutch in the working position and at the same time a freewheel and a direction of rotation lock on or off depending on the direction of rotation or driving ,

In the case of actuation of the brake, which is mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or with combinations thereof connected to the actuator of the device according to the invention, the main shaft moves in a predetermined axial direction, so that the one clutch and coupled via thrust bearing a holding clutch for frictional engagement come, with the other driving clutch and the other holding clutch open and acting on it freewheels or directional barriers are not effective.

After engagement of the clutches, the drive clutch transmits via the one disc, the rotational movement on one end of the Spoicherfeder and biases them, as the other end of the accumulator spring is held by the other connected to the one holding clutch disc.

The accumulator spring is fully or partially tensioned as a function of braking distance and braking force.

If the spring is quite tense and the braking process has not yet ended, the clutches act as friction brakes and support the effect of the wheel brake. After completion of the braking process and release of the brake, the storage spring strives to relax and rotate the discs in opposite directions to each other. The mounted on the housing direction of rotation - freewheel or pawl lock - prevents backward relaxation of the spring end, via which the braking energy has been registered, and the other end of the spring transfers the stored energy over the latching overrunning clutch in the same Drehrichti) ':' j on the shaft to exhaustion or until the next braking process.

The tensioning or unloading operation d r spring can therefore be initiated or interrupted in any state of tension.

Should z. B. after reaching the destination ..i the other direction to be driven without turning the vehicle, which is usually done with cocked spring, the drive wheels or the main shaft to be locked by the parking brake and the actuator is pushed into the other end position , The freewheels and pawls must be designed and designed so that they can be switched under load and in the intermediate or zero position are all engaged to prevent an opposing release dor spring, or it must be operated separately locking device ,

After further displacement of the actuator, the previously engaged rotation direction locks are unlocked, and the two others with the opposite function are effective. The stored energy can thus be used for starting in the opposite direction. The braking and acceleration process now takes place via the other couplings according to the same principle, only with respect to the spring and the direction of travel or rotation, reversed.

After exhaustion of the stored energy in the storage spring torque is no longer exerted, and the freewheeling lock to the main shaft dissolves, and the disc, the composite with the brake clutch *. ·.), Comes to rest. The relief of the whole or toilweise tensioned spring, z. B. at a longer standstill, can be done with applied parking brake by disengaging the freewheel and pawl lock or freewheel. The relaxation of the spring should be damped by slight brake pressure. The brake energy storage device according to the invention may be mounted in or on the gearbox, on a shaft constantly in engagement with the wheels or a stationary device or on each wheel of the device to be braked or accelerated.

The main advantages of the device according to the invention are that the braking energy can be transmitted directly from the main shaft into the storage spring and vice versa from the storage spring to the main shaft in both directions of travel or rotation.

The device can be arranged compactly in the gearbox or even on the shaft of each wheel with low fuel consumption.

The application is not limited to one vehicle type or group, ie it can be used universally. The coupling with the vehicle brake is not a problem. Impairment of Funktic ι by weathering and pollution are avoided. The accumulator spring is always stressed in one direction, and during operation of the vehicle, no additional manipulations are necessary except when changing direction.

embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two examples

Fig. 1: 2eigt a functional diagram of the solution according to the invention, in which the storage spring to the main shaft

is arranged

Fig. 2: shows the schematic arrangement of the memory spring

Fig. 3 u. 5: show schematically the peripheral directions of rotation (pawls) Fig. Ί u. 6: show schematically the centric freewheels FIC \ 7: oiη functional diagram of the inventive solution with countershaft

I.BelspH

The braking energy accumulator 1 according to the invention is on the one hand directly or via a chain, gear or V-belt pulley 2 with the wheel axis of the device to be braked and on the other hand with the frame 5 of the same device, here z. As a rail vehicle, constantly connected.

Corresponding to the direction of rotation of the main shaft 3-here assumed to be counterclockwise-the lever 6 is here marked with .L "in the one end position, and the main shaft 3, which is designed as a splined shaft in the region of the drive wheel 2, shifts so, that the freewheel (R) 15.2 enters the effective functional area and the freewheel (L) 15.1 is ineffective.

With the main shaft 3, the drive plates 8.1,9.1 of the driving clutches 9 are fixedly connected to the housing 4 and the retaining disks 10.1,11.1 of the holding couplings 10,11 are firmly arranged.

Paired with the drive plate 8.1 of the driving clutch 8 and the retaining washer 11.1 of the holding clutch 11 are the loose KupplOngsgegenhälften 8.2,11.2 on the disc 13.1, and paired with the drive plate 9.1 of the driving clutch 9 and the retaining plate 10.1 of the holding clutch 10, the loose coupling counter-halves 9.2,10.2 the disc 13.2 arranged. At the periphery of the discs 13.1, 13.2, the teeth of the direction of rotation locks-here latching locks 16.1, 16.2 are arranged in opposite directions to each other, and the pawls 16.1a, 16.2a are connected to the housing 4.

The pawls 16.1a, 16.2 a are held by the tension springs 16.1b, 16.2 bin their functional position and ineffective 16.1 c, 16.2c on actuation of the release, wherein the pawl 16.1 a is arranged so that it is only at Stollung the lever 6 in the operating position L is effective and the pawl 16.2 a is arranged so that it is effective only in position of the lever 6 in operating position R.

On the disc 13.2, the inner end 14.1 and the disc 13.1, the outer end 14.2 of the memory spring 14 is fixed, and for transmitting the axial forces, the thrust bearing (12) between the discs 13.1,13.2 are arranged. When the brake 7 is actuated, the lever 6 moves the main shaft 3 further in the direction L, pushing the driving clutch 8 and via the thrust bearing 12 and the disk 13.2, the holding clutch 10 together.

As a result of the frictional engagement of the driving clutch 8 and the Haitekupplung 10, the spring end 14.1 is held relative to the housing 4 and the spring end 14.2 twisted and thus the memory spring 14 tensioned left-handed. If the spring 14 is quite taut, the clutches 8, 10 act as friction brakes and assist the wheel braking effect.

After completion of the braking operation, the lever 6 slides back into the end position L, the clutch η 8 and 10 are relieved, and the spring 14 can relax.

The pawl lock 16.1 prevents reverse rotation of the spring end 14.2, so that the tensioned accumulator spring 14 releases its energy left over the spring end 14.1 on the disc 13.2 and 13.2 of the disc on the overrunning clutch 15.2 on the main shaft 3.

If the voltage of the accumulator spring 14 is exhausted, the overrunning clutch 15.2 and the pawl 16.1 snap out, and the system runs free until the next braking operation.

If you want to change the direction of travel or rotation, the lever 6 must be brought into the operating position R.

The one-way clutch 15.2 is pushed from the effective into the inoperative functional area and the one-way clutch 15.1 into the effective functional area. At the same time, the disk 13.2 is shifted so that the pawl lock 16.2 is effective and the pawl lock 16.1 on the disc 13.1 is ineffective, and the holding clutch 11 and the driving clutch 9 reach their functional area.

When the brake 7 is actuated, now in the direction R, the same components of the brake energy accumulator 1 are moved as in the case of left-hand rotation of the main shaft 3, but the components arranged in pairs are used and the direction of rotation is opposite.

The driving clutch 9 is compressed and simultaneously transmits the lever pressure on the disc 13.2, the thrust bearing 12, the disc 13.1 on the holding coupling eleventh

As a result, the spring end 14.2 is held and the spring end 14.1 twisted and thus the memory spring 14 tensioned clockwise.

If the stored energy is used to continue driving, the disc 13.2 is held by the Klinkensporre 16.2 when releasing the clutches, the spring 14.2 moves the disc 13.1 dextrorotatory, brings the overrunning clutch 15.1 for engagement and rotates the main shaft 3 in the same direction as in the previous deceleration.

Now, however, the drive-or. Change of direction usually after braking to the speed "O", that is, the spring 14 is fully or partially stretched and strives to relax.

It is therefore on the usual parking brake on vehicles to block the main shaft 3 and to switch the system under load. The freewheels 15.1, 15.2 and the lock pawls 16.1, 16.2 are therefore interpreted to mean that in dor intermediate position of the lever 7, d. H. before the one side becomes inoperative the other side already becomes effective, the system inhibits itself and does not spin freely. Another possibility of switching is that a blocking device 17 prevents the Froidrehen the discs 13.1,13.2.

If the switching has taken place and the lever 7 in the operating position R, the system in the opposite direction, as described above, has been put into operation.

If the memory spring 14, e.g. be relaxed before prolonged standstill, the brake 7 is actuated and the pawls 16.1 and 16.2 milder release 16.1c or 16.2c made ineffective, and at discharge of the brake 7, the accumulator spring relaxes 14. The relaxation of the spoke spring 14 by light Brake pressure is damped.

2nd example

The brake energy storage device 1 according to the invention is on the one hand directly or via a chain, gear or a V-belt pulley? with the wheel axle of the device to be braked and, on the other hand, with the frame of the same device, here for example a rail vehicle, permanently connected.

According to the direction of rotation of the main shaft 3-here assumed to be counterclockwise-the lever 6 is brought into the one operating position-here marked "L" -and the main shaft 3, which is designed as a splined shaft in the region of the drive wheel 2, shifts. so that the freewheel (R) 15.2 and the pawl lock 16.2 enters the effective functional area and the freewheel (L) 15.1 and the pawl lock 16.1 outside the effective functional area.

The driving and holding clutches and the freewheels are arranged analogously to Example 1.

The discs 13.1 and 13.2 are constantly driving directly - here z. B. by means of toothing - the gear 19 fixedly connected to the countershaft 20 and the gear 21 mounted loosely on the countershaft 20. With the countershaft 20 is fixedly connected to the spring end 14.1 and the auxiliary disk 23 and the loose gear 21 is connected via a hollow shaft 18 and the auxiliary disk 22, the spring end 14.2.

Upon actuation of the brake 7, here in the direction L, the lever β pushes the main shaft 3 and thus the driving clutch 8 together, so that the braking force on the shoe 13.1, the thrust bearing 12, the disc 13.2 are transferred to the holding coupling 10. As a result of the frictional engagement of the driving clutch 8 and the holding clutch 10, the disc 13.2 is held relative to the housing 4, the gear wheel 21, the hollow shaft 18 and auxiliary disc 22 is blocked and locked the spring end 14.2 and on the other hand, the disc 13.1 entrained, in turn, the left hand rotation of the main shaft 3 the gear 19, the countershaft 20, the spring end 14.1 and the auxiliary disc 23 are moved clockwise and thus tension the spring 14.

If the spring 14 is quite taut, the clutches 8, 10 act as friction brakes and assist the wheel braking effect. After releasing the brake, the pawl lock 16.2 prevents reverse rotation of the spring end 14.1 and the tensioned accumulator spring gives its energy via the spring end 14.2, the auxiliary disc 22, the hollow shaft 18 and the gear 21 clockwise from the disc 13.2 from the left-handed to the overrunning clutch 15.2 Engages, and so makes the connection to the main shaft 3, whereby the torque is transmitted to continue driving until the voltage of the accumulator spring 14 is depleted. The freewheel (R) 15.2 and the pawl lock 16.2 then disengage, and the system runs free until the next braking operation. In clockwise rotation of the drive wheel 2, the lever 6 in the operating position R and thus the main shaft 3 is brought into the other functional position.

When you press the brake 7, here in the direction of R, the same components of the brake device 1 are moved as in the case of left-hand rotation of the main shaft 3, however, the respective paired components are used and the direction of rotation is opposite.

Claims (14)

1. A device for braking energy storage in storage springs for turning direction changing main shaft, characterized in that two driving clutches (8,9) paired with two holding clutches (10,11) are axially coupled via thrust bearing (12) and between the clutch pairs (8,9; 11) the memory spring (14) is arranged, which two Losescheiben (13.1,13.2) which connect the loose Mitnehmerkupplungsseiten (8.2,9.2) with the loose Haltekupplungsseiten (10.2,11.2), in the direction of rotation over the two spring ends (14.1, 14.2) coupled and the Losescheiben (13.1,13.2) on opposite acting, on and off freewheels (15.1,15.2) on the main shaft (3) axially in both directions against one or the other of the two, with the main shaft (3) firmly connected Mitnehmerscheiben (8.1, 9.1) slidably mounted and at the peripheral edge both with each other and with respect to the freewheels (15.1,15.2) with opposite (Drehlichtungssperren (16.1,16.2) are provided and the main shaft (3) is displaceable axially into the operating positions "L" or "R" relative to the retaining disks (10.1, 11.1) of the retaining couplings (10, 11) fastened on both sides to the housing (4). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational direction changing shaft (3) and an axis and the housing or housing part (4) may also be a frame or frame part. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the direction of rotation locks (15.1, 15.2,16.1,16.2) by the displacement dsr main shaft (3) are switched to the operating position "L" or "R". 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that in the intermediate position "0" of the main shaft (3) all direction of rotation locks (15.1,15.2,16.1,16.2) are engaged. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that in the intermediate position "O" of the main shaft (3) all direction of rotation locks (15.1,15.2,16.1,16.2) are not engaged and the housing (4) has a peripheral blocking device (17 ) is provided for the Losescheiben (13.1,13.2). 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the operating position "L" is the Jrehrichtung "left" of the main shaft (3) and in this position, the driving clutch (8), the holding clutch (10), the freewheel (15.2 ) of the loose disk (13.2) and the peripheral direction of rotation lock (16.1) of the release disk (13.1) are in operating position, wherein the freewheel (15.2) blocks the relative movement of the release disk (13.2) to the main shaft (3) in the direction of rotation and the peripheral direction of rotation lock (16.1) the relative movement of the loose disk (13.1) to the housing (4) blocks against the direction of rotation. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the direction of rotation "R" is the direction of rotation "right" of the main shaft (3) d. ^ - and in this position, the driving clutch (9), the Haltek'pplung (11 ), the freewheel (15.1) of the loose disk (13.1) and the peripheral direction of rotation lock <1ΰ.2) of the release disk (13.2) are in operating position, wherein the freewheel (15.1) the relative movement of the sliding disk (13.1) to the main shaft (3) in the direction of rotation locks and the peripheral direction of rotation lock (16.2) blocks the relative movement of the floating disk (13.2) to the housing (4) against the Drohrichtung. 8. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the direction of rotation locks (15.1, 15.2,16.1, 16.2) freewheels, pawl locks or the like can be. 9. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the housing (4) on the main shaft (3) is displaceable. 10. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the main shaft (3) in the axial direction is rigid and the device is arranged on a axi.il on the main shaft (3) displaceable sleeve. 11. The device according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the storage spring (14) having one end (14.1) with a countershaft (20) and the other end (14.2) with a on the countershaft (20) loosely mounted gear (21 ) is connected and the countershaft (20) carries another with the countershaft firmly connected gear (19) and the gears (19, 21) with the teeth of the Losescheiben (13.1,13.2) are engaged and the pripefied direction of rotation locks (16.1,16.2 ) are arranged on auxiliary disks (22, 23). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the gears (19, 20) with the Losescheiben (13.1,13.2) are paired in freely selectable translation. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the axially displaceable main shaft, sleeve (3) or the housing (4) by a lever (6) in the working position "L" or "R" is held and the lever with the driving brake is coupled. 14. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the storage spring (14) may also be a torsion spring, whose both ends are connected to the Loseschoiben (13.1,13.2). For this 3 pages drawings