DD284973A5 - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR CLUTCH - FREE DETERMINATION OF THE TORQUE - SPEED BEHAVIOR OF POWER MACHINES, ESPECIALLY OF COMMUTATOR - SMALL MACHINES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for clutchless determination of the torque-speed behavior of engines, in particular of commutator - small machines for automated mass production in electrical engineering. It is advantageous in the power range of 1 watt to 500 watts used as a load measurement, the application is based on the types of excitation permanent excitation and series closure excitation. The circuit arrangement for couplingless determination of the torque-rotational speed behavior of engines, in particular Kommutaor - small machines consists of a module constant current source, a module-specimen tensioning device, an assembly measuring electronics and a module control, the assembly measuring electronics of a threshold, a quartz-controlled Clock generator, a counter gate, a directional encoder, an up counter, a comparator, a negator, a BcD-7 segment decoder with display, a size comparator, a BcD cod. Preselection switch, two door assemblies and a setpoint generator, which are interconnected. The test object is impressed with a constant current from the module constant current source. After the moment equation M - c - Phi I, the test specimen develops an internal torque independent of the speed and uses this to accelerate the armature mass and overcome the friction losses. According to the relation E = c - Phi - n, a proportionality of the armature voltage with the speed is given, so that the armature voltage is evaluated electronically by the module measuring electronics as the only measured variable. The reaction of the test specimen to the specified internal torque is the angular acceleration, which is partially evaluated by temporal relativization of the armature voltage in the speed range n> n ind nominal. A steady state of the speed is not reached in the measuring station, but rather interrupted after the very short run-up time to the rated speed by the measuring electronics, the further speed increase. The run-up time itself is inversely proportional to the reactive torque. Fig. 1 {load measurement; Acceleration; Torque measurement, clutchless; Speed measurement, clutchless; Ramp-up time; Commutator; Small machine; Rated speed; Winkelbescheunigung}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention is applicable in electrical engineering, in particular for testing commutator small machines in automated mass production It is advantageous in the power range of 1 watt to 500 watts used as a load measurement, the application is based on the types of excitation permanent excitation and Reihenschlußerregulation

Characteristic of the known state of the art

In practice, a number of methods and circuit arrangements for testing electrical commutator machines are known.

For example, in the patent DE 3030357 dm. Kl H01 R43 / 14) discloses a method for quality testing of commutators, in which in the final inspection the brush fire as a criterion for the quality of the machine is introduced to prevent a falsification of the characteristics by strong brush fire, due to low-bearing Burstenflachen is characterized Invention in that are brought to the chemical-physical effect during the break-in phase in the contact zone between the tread of the Komutators or slip ring and the brush sublimable ammonium salts

In the publication 2800829 (Int Kl.G 01 L5 / 26) a method for DrehmomenWDrehzahlmessung of engines, mainly electric motors, according to a dynamic principle is described. A flywheel, which is as rigidly connected to the axis of the engine as possible, increases the moment of inertia of the system of rotating parts such that about 20 to 50 revolutions are needed to reach idle speed from standstill rigidly connected to the flywheel is an angle sensor which per revolution, a certain number N of pulses is generated in each case at the same angle 360 ° / N. The time St between successive pulses is measured. The speed is inversely proportional to the time St required to pass through the above angle 360 ° / N (between two pulses). The acceleration results as a time derivative of the rotational speed (or speed) by subtraction At known total moment of inertia (of the rotating part the engine plus the flywheel) is known with the spin / speed / curve The recording of the time interval St, between two pulses of the angle sensor, and the calculation of the torque / speed / curve is expediently carried out with the aid of a microprocessor. In the patent DD 248874 AD Int Kl G01 L3 / 00) is a non-contact torque sensor, preferably disclosed on rotating components The sensor allows accurate Meßsignalerfassung and a wear-free transmission of the signal from the rotating component The invention solves the problem that the sensor can be used universally, This is achieved by means of a specially designed capacitive primary converter on the torque-carrying shaft auxiliary energy-free signal is generated, which is transmitted without slip rings on Ubertragungskondensatorringe to a measuring device against electrical, mechanical and thermal environmental influences insensitive, sufficiently accurate and low maintenance

In the patent DD 238446 A1 (International Kl G01 L3 / 00) is a device for torque testing application in the determination of torques to DUTs in predetermined limits. If the torque exceeds the predetermined limit, then a driven by a motor and rotatably mounted in a stator planetary gear is deflected and pressed a contact for a lamp display

In the patent DD 216797 A1 (Int Kl G01 L3 / 00) a measuring device for torques is disclosed, whose essential features are that at the ends of the drive and output shaft elastic discs are arranged, which are connected to each other at the outer edge and tangentially specifically designed breakthroughs form formbedingte webs that shift slightly when transmitting a torque against each other and cause a relatively strong deflection of the disc edge The shift can be read through a window or inductively or optically measured by a transducer

In the patent DD 223811 A1 (Int Kl G01 L3 / 00), a method for torque measurement has been developed, which is the torque measurement without affecting the technological process and with high accuracy This is achieved in that on the ferromagnetic surface of the rotating components at least two from each other Separate pulse trains or continuous signals of the same frequency and phase length are impressed magnetically via corresponding receiver coils, the torque shift caused by a phase shift can be determined and implemented by incorporating the speed in torque values

Laid-Open Publication No. 2702981 (Int Cl.G 01 L3 / 00) describes a method and a feed-through arrangement for measuring and possibly controlling the output torque on the shaft of a DC motor in such a way that the armature current of the DC motor is measured and the measurement signal is multiplied by a constant so as to obtain a signal corresponding to the maximum engine-developed maximum torque, that the angular velocity of the motor is measured, this measurement signal is differentiated by time, and the differential quotient signal is multiplied by another constant, so that receives a signal which corresponds to the moment required to accelerate the engine, and that the maximum torque signal and the acceleration signal are subtracted from each other and the difference signal is displayed and / or used for control purposes.

Although the known methods and circuit arrangements are suitable, quality tests on small commutator machines in the final inspection, either via the brush fire (DE 3030357) to assess as a criterion for the quality of the machine, which in its implementation does not detect a number of important measurement parameters, or the quality measurement via the acquisition of the torque curve. A disadvantage of grinding compounds, e.g. Slip rings from that very short, but noticeable contact interruptions are present, which can lead to a distortion of the signals to be transmitted. In the inventions that cause the measurement of torque on the braking or by the action of additional counter forces, the technological effort is extensive and has the disadvantage that annoying side effects do not allow a comprehensive quality indication of the examinee. The information always refers only to a desired technical detail. The test time brings by the action of additional components, such. B. at the ends of the drive and output shaft arranged elastic discs (DD 216791 AD, or in a stator rotatably mounted planetary gear (DD 238 446 A1) within the final inspection for mass production unproductive time with it. to gather more information about the early detection of quality defects in the production line, in addition to the DUT's torque / speed ratio, such as the detection of switching faults such as terminal short circuit, direction detection, and overspeed test.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the existing deficiencies, significantly reduce the testing time in mass production of commutator small machines to make the overall manufacturing process more economical and to improve the quality of the commutator small machines.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The known in practice methods and circuit arrangements for testing commutator electrical machines are based essentially on the fact that the quality of the samples on the one hand on the quality of the brush fire is evaluated, on the other hand, the evaluation of DrehmomenWDrehzahlverhaltens basis. The disadvantage of grinding compounds, z. B. slip rings that very short, but noticeable contact interruptions are present, which can lead to a distortion of the signals to be transmitted. In the inventions, which cause the measurement of torque on the deceleration or by additional counter forces, the technological effort is extensive and has the disadvantage that annoying side effects do not allow a comprehensive Qüalitätsangabe on the examinee. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a circuit arrangement for clutchless determination of the torque '/ speed behavior of engines, especially small commutator machines, without mechanical coupling of sensors, transducers and load devices on the shaft of the test specimen a quality test of the specimen from the torque - / speed behavior in a simple way possible. It is using the acceleration dynamics in an advantageous connection of known components to free the commutator small machine to be tested by disturbing side effects. This is achieved with a circuit arrangement for clutchless determination of the torque / speed behavior of engines, in particular commutator small machines consisting of a module constant current source, a module-specimen tensioning device, a module-measuring electronics and a module control, characterized in that the Assembly measurement electronics comprising a threshold switch, a quartz-controlled clock generator, a counter gate, a directional encoder, an up-counter, a comparator, a negator, a BcD-7 segment decoder with display, a magnitude comparator, a BcD cod preselector switch, a gate assembly for third Signal, a gate assembly for fourth signal and a setpoint value encoder exists. The commutator small machine (test object) to be tested is impressed with a constant current from the module constant current source. After the equation M = с · Φ I, the test piece develops an internal torque independent of the speed and uses this to accelerate the armature mass and overcome the friction losses. After inclusion of E = с · Φ · η a proportionality of the armature voltage with the speed is given, so that the armature voltage is evaluated by the electronic measuring module assembly as the only measurand. The reaction of the test object to the fixed internal torque is the angular acceleration, which is partially evaluated by temporal relativisation of the armature voltage in the speed range η <η _ΝβΠ η. A steady state of the speed is not reached in the measuring station, but rather interrupted after the very short run-up time to the rated speed by the measuring electronics of the further speed increase. The run-up time itself is inversely proportional to the reactive torque.

-3-embodiment

The invention will be explained below using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show

Fig. 1: Signal flow of the assembly assemblies

2: Circuit arrangement of the assembly measuring electronics (BM)

The circuit arrangement for clutchless determination of the torque-rotational speed behavior of engines, in particular small commutator consisting of a module constant current source BA, a module test fixture BP, an assembly measuring electronics BM and a module control BS is characterized in that the assembly -Meßelektronik BM from a threshold 1, a quartz-controlled clock 2, a counting gate 3, a directional encoder 4, an up counter 5, a comparator 6, a negator 7, a BcD-7 segment decoder 8, a Größenkomparator9, a BcD coded Preselection switch 10, a gate assembly 11 for a signal S ₃ , a gate assembly 12 for a signal S ₄ and a target value encoder 13, which are interconnected. The commutator small machine (test object) to be tested is impressed with a constant current from the module constant current source. After the moment equation M = COI, the test specimen develops an internal torque independent of the speed and uses this to accelerate the armature mass and overcome the friction losses.

According to the relationship E = с Φ · η is a proportionality of the armature voltage with the speed is given, so that the armature voltage is evaluated by the electronic measuring module assembly as the only measurand. The reaction of the test object to the fixed internal torque is the angular velocity, which is partially evaluated by the time-dependent relativisation of the armature voltage in the speed range η < пнепп . A steady state of the speed is not reached in the measuring station, but rather interrupted after the very short run-up time to the rated speed by the measuring electronics of the further speed increase. The run-up time itself is inversely proportional to the relatively acting torque.

The assembly control BS and the assembly test fixture BP are integrated into the automatic production line and serve to transport the DUT motors and the requirements of mechanical clamping and electrical contacting. With the initiator signal of the module-specimen tensioning device BP, a signal Si is triggered, which states that the device under test is tensioned, the assembly-measuring electronics BM is activated and the current relay 14 is energized after a brief offset. The test time adapts to the dynamic behavior of the test motor. After completion of the measurement, the module control BS is either given the signal S ₃ , torque in the target range-good, or the signal S ₄ , torque insufficient -commission as a selection criterion. With the signal S5 to the module controller BS, the current relay 14 is de-energized and diverted the removal process of the DUT with qualitative assignment. With the input of the signal S ₁ (DUT stretched), the forward counter 5 is reset via the directional encoder 4. At the counting gate 3 are the logical conditions for the measurement process. These are, DUT stretched and contacted according to signal S ₁ ; via the threshold value switch 1 is the measured variable; It is indicated via comparator 6 and inverter 7 that the measured variable is smaller than U _Ne nn. Upon fulfillment of these requirements, the counter gate 3 can run the quartz-controlled time clock from the clock generator 2 in the forward counter 5.

The counter content is converted in the BcD-7 segment decoder 8 and displayed via displays in decadic form for visual evaluation. Upon reaching the rated speed of the specimen is on the signal S _{2 to} a measured variable as the rated voltage of the test specimen and thus the signal S _{5 is formed} as a measurement terminated with equality of the preceding target value with the Prüflingsspannung from the comparator 6. The negate of this signal blocks the counter 3 via the inverter 7. At this time, the counter content in the comparator, the magnitude comparator 9, is compared with the content of the BsD-coded preselector switch and via the door assembly 11 and 12 as a quality criterion, as a logic signal S ₃ or S ₄ to the manipulator control module controller BS. Thus, the measuring cycle is completed and the assembly control BS comes back into operation. From this signal is taken over the signal S ₆ , the end of the measurement, the de-energizing of the current relay 14. The module controller BS and the module measuring electronics BM are alternately in action, whereby always the dynamics occurring in the manipulative and in the test process determines the Gesamtprüfzeit. For computational further processing of the measured values of each test object obtained as the counter content, the dual-coded counter content can be forwarded as an additional signal to the process computer. For this application, it is then better to use a pre-loaded with reference values backward counter, so that direct proportionality of the counter content is achieved with the measured value.

Claims (1)

Circuit arrangement for the clutchless determination of the torque-rotational speed behavior of engines, in particular small commutator machines comprising a module constant current source (BA), an assembly-specimen tensioning device (BP), an assembly measuring electronics (BM) and an assembly control (BS ), characterized in that the assembly measuring electronics (BM) consists of a threshold value switch (1), a quartz-controlled clock generator (2), a counter gate (3), a directional encoder (4), an up counter (5), a comparator (6) a negator (7), a BcD-7 segment decoder (8), a magnitude comparator (9), a BcD coded selector switch (10), a gate assembly (11) for a signal (S ₃ ), a gate assembly (12) for a signal (S ₄ ) and a desired value encoder (13), which are interconnected. DazuZ page drawings