DD283539A5 - METHOD FOR STERILIZING THE DUST BAGS OF PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of sterilizing the anthers of plants by their treatment with a sterilant in the fifth and / or sixth period of organogenesis. The sterilizing agent contains, in addition to the thickening agents as active substance terpene compounds of the general formula wherein A has the meaning given in the description. The method according to the invention is used in agriculture in selection and seed-building. Formula {anther plants; Sterilization procedures; Sterilant; Active ingredient terpene compounds; Agriculture; Selection; Seed Production}

Description

0 0

U) XO-OCCH ₂ Gl, ExO-OCCH ₂ Br,

ExO-OCC (CH ₃ ) ,, ExO

ExO-OCH (CH ₂ Cl)) ₂ , Exo - OPh, O

Il

stands,

or mixtures thereof.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specified terpene compounds are used in conjunction with a diluent, namely water in the form of a 0.1% aqueous emulsion.

3. Process according to claims 1-2, characterized in that grasses or sunflower are used as plants to be treated with the sterilizing agent.

4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, realized in order to achieve a high degree of sterilization of anthers under unfavorable climatic conditions repeated treatment of plants with the sterilant in the fifth and / or sixth period of the organogenesis.

Field of application of the invention

The present invention relates to biology and agriculture, more particularly to a method of sterilizing the dust bags of plants used in selection and seed building.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Today, in the world, the task of intensifying agriculture, in particular increasing the productivity of cereals, feed, vegetable and technical crops by broad use of first-generation hybrids, is being solved. Due to their hybrid power, the hybrids differ from the parent formation in a higher performance (by 25 to 30%) and a better product quality.

There is a method of producing new hybrids based on a "cytoplasmic pollen sterility-restorer of fertility" system based on a continuous (within 12 to 14 years) and complicated selection work involving the creation of sterile analogs, fixators sterility and restorers of fertility are particularly promising methods which sterilize the dust bags of plants with chemical sterilants (gametocides) The use of gametocides is significantly more economical than that of the system "cytoplasmic pollen sterility" because the need for to develop such forms as sterile analog, analog for the fixation of sterility in maternal forms and for the restoration of fertility in paternal forms. Practically, the seeds of hydrids of the first generation can be obtained in the course of the selection research of initial forms as well as in the organization of their large-scale production.

At present, about 200 compounds are found which possess gametocidal activity and, according to their chemical structure, belong to different classes of chemical compounds. Gametocides must ensure full sterility of the pollinated plants while preserving the viability of oocytes and ensure a sufficiently high ability (at least 70% of the control) to produce the ovary under free pollination. The values of their phytotoxicity and toxicity to warm-blooded animals must be minimal.

Methods for sterilizing the dust bags of cereal crops are known (L. Dzh., Nikell Regulatory Rosta rasteny, Primenenie Svelskom khosyaistve, Moskva, izdatelstvo, Kolos, 1984, pp. 28-31, SU, A 906457).

L. J. Nikell. Growth regulators of plants. Application in agriculture. Moscow, Verlag "Kolos", 1984, pp. 28-31), which consist in the treatment of plants with sterilizing agents such as 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), maleic hydrazide, di- (polyfluoroalkyl) -phosphoric acids and their salts, etc. The treatment of Plants with sterilizing agents take place in the fifth or fourth period of organogenesis (according to FM Kupermann).

In the 5th period of an organogenesis processes of formation and differentiation of flowers begin. Towards the end of this period, neoplasms, sporogenous archespores, develop. During this period stamens, pistils and flowers are applied. In the fifth period the differentiation of the bump from stamens into stamens and pistils appears. The Vl. Period is characterized by the process of flowering (micro- and macroporogenesis). Separate mononuclear pollen grains are formed in this period (FM Kupermann, Morfofiziologiya rasteny, Moskva, izdatelstvo "Vysshaya shkola", 1973, pp. 30-36) Morphophysiology of Plants, 1973, Publisher "Vysshaya shkola", Moscow, pp. 30-36) ,

Also known is a method of sterilizing the anthers of grassy plants (GB, A 1567153), which consists of treating the grass plants with a sterilizing agent in the period between the appearance of the second stem member and ear-picking. The sterilants used are heterocyclic compounds whose main representatives are 2-carboxy-3,4-methanopyrrolidine or 2-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-methanpyrolidine. The indicated compounds are used in conjunction with diluents and surfactants.

Object of the invention

The aim of the present invention is the sterilization of dust bags of a wide range of cultures with a high degree of sterilization while maintaining the high ability of seeds to form fruit shoots with free pollination.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop by the choice of new sterilizing agents, a method which can be suitable for sterilizing the anthers of a wide range of cultures with a high degree of sterilization, while maintaining the high ability of seeds to produce fruiting approaches with free pollination.

This object is achieved in that in the proposed method for sterilizing the anthers of plants by their treatment with a sterilant in conjunction with a thinner in the fifth and / or sixth period of organogenesis according to the invention as sterilizing agents terpene compounds of the general formula:

wherein

0 0 0 0

(I -Il / I Il

A for exo - 0 - GH; Jixo-OCCF ₅ , Exo-OCCCl ₃ , Exo-OCCH ₂ Cl,

0 0

II Il

Exo - OCCH ₂ Br, Exo - OCC (CH 1,

Exo - OCH ₂ CH ₂ Cl, ёхo - OCHCCH ₂ Cl) ₂ , Exo - OPh, О

Il

Endo-exo-OCGH ·, stands, or mixtures thereof means.

The sterilant can be used in conjunction with any known and suitable diluent. It is advisable to use in conjunction with water as a 0.1 to 2% aqueous emulsion. As plants, which are treated with the stated sterilizing agent, are preferably used grass plants or sunflower. The inventive method allows the male sterility of plants (98-100%) and to obtain a high capability of fruit set seeds (about 70%) obtained. In order to achieve the high degree of sterilization of dust bags under unfavorable climatic conditions, the treatment of plants with the sterilant is repeated in the fifth and / or sixth period of organogenesis (according to Kupermann). The process according to the invention is carried out as follows.

Plants like ζ. As winter and spring wheat, diploid and tetraploid rye, Tritikale, millet, sunflower, corn u. a. are treated with a sterilizing agent, whereby as such terpene compounds of the general formula:

0 0

II Il

in which A is exo-OCH, Exo -OGCF _x ,

0 ^ O

bxo - OCGGl _x , Exo - OC - CH ₀ Cl О ¹⁵ о ^г

Exo - OCCH ₂ Br, exo - OCC (CH ₃ ) ,, exo - OCH ₂ CH ₂ Cl,

Exo - OCH (CH ₂ Cl) ₂ , Exo - OPh, Endo, exo - OCCH, stands,

or mixtures thereof.

Terpene compounds can be used in conjunction with any suitable thinner; It is recommended to use water as thinner. In this case, a 0.1 to 2% aqueous emulsion of said compounds is to be used advantageously.

It is possible to add any suitable surface-active substances to the ready-to-use solutions as desired. When applied to the plants, it is convenient to add to the ready-to-use solutions any known adjunct additives such as wetting agents, dispersants and adhesives.

The sterilizing agent can be applied to plants by various treatment methods such as liquid atomization and air atomization (aerosols). The treatment of plants with the sterilizing agent takes place in the fifth and / or sixth period of organogenesis (according to Kupermann). The dose of sterilant depends on the nature of the compound, culture to be treated, treatment period and natural climatic factors. In order to ensure the high sterilization effect under adverse climatic conditions, it is expedient to repeat the treatment of plants in the Vl. Period of organogenesis. The total dose of sterilant is from 0.6 to 20 kg / ha.

All of the terpene compounds of the invention which are used as sterilants have been tested for toxicity in animal studies. The test results have shown that the indicated compounds are of low toxicity or practically nontoxic compounds. Thus, for example, LD ₅₀ for 2-exo-bornyl monochloroacetate is 480 mg / kg animal weight for white mice, LD ₅ O for 2-exo- (2-chloroethoxy) -bornan is 2130 mg / kg animal weight, for 2-exo-bornyl trifluoroacetate is 2700 mg / kg animal weight, LD50 for 2-exo-bornyl trichloroacetate 3040 mg / kg, LD ₅₀ for 2-exophenoxybornan 3 500 mg / kg, LD50 for 2-exo-bornyl formate is 5 000 mg / kg animal weight for rats, For rats, LD ₅₀ for 2-exo-bomyl trimethyl acetate is 3000 mg / kg animal weight and LD ₆₀ for 2-endobyl bornyl acetate is 5000-10000 mg / kg animal weight for rats.

The sterilizing agent according to the invention is obtained according to the known method in the reaction of karbs with electrophilic agents (with lower Karbonsäurehalogeniden or Karbonsäurealkylhalogeniden or alcohols) in an acidic medium at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C.

The gemetocidal activity of the sterilizing agent according to the invention was found in field trials in various soil climatic zones with sections of 10 m ² size in two to three to four times repetition. Each sterilant was tested for at least 5 years.

The development of the periods of organogenesis is monitored cytologically. The treatment of plants with the sterilizing agent takes place at the beginning of the fifth period of the organogenesis Kupermann.

Earthing realizes the isolation of main ears and other floors in parchment bags. In wheat and triticale single insulators are used. For rye, each ear of 5 to 7 different plants next to each other is enclosed under a common insulator. In millet, each panicle is isolated separately. The sterility percentage (X) for wheat, rye, triticale and millet is given by the formula

X _,. Number of seeds of treated plants fertilized in an isolator . _{100 <J /}

Number of seeds fertilized under an isolator from untreated control plants

determined.

The number of grains in uninsulated ears of control plants is assumed to be 100% on free pollination. To obtain reliable data, 20 to 25 isolators of each replicate are used for wheat and triticale, 10 to 15 isolators of each replicate for rye and millet.

-4- 283 593

To control the chemical sterilization of sunflower pollen, 45 treated plants of each replicate are used for each compound, 15 plants being isolated for self-pollination of the flower basket, 15 plants pollinated with a pollen mixture collected from 20 to 25 treated isolated baskets, and 15 plants for free pollination so that the planting of achenes can be controlled with the pollen of the father form. Pollen sterility of sunflower plants is assessed for pollen fertility and germination, sperm morphology, and achenes' ability to prepare for pollination of the treated isolated plants with the pollen of the untreated paternal form. The viability of the egg cell is determined after seed formation in treated plants with free pollination of the paternal form.

It is desirable to carry out the treatment of plants in clear windless weather. All compounds penetrate into tissues of the plants within 4 hours. In case of rainfall during these 4 hours, it is necessary to plant in the Vl. Period of organogenesis repeatedly treated.

embodiments

For a better understanding of the present invention, the following embodiments of the method according to the invention are given.

example 1

Plants of winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 are treated in the V. period of organogenesis by sputtering a 2% aqueous emulsion of 2-exo-bornyl bromazetate with the aid of a tip of the back. It adds as an emulsifier 0.1 wt .-% Ci ₂ -C ₁₄ calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate added. The adjuvant is introduced into the emulsion 0.01 wt .-% dimethyl sulfoxide. The experiment on the preparation is 12 kg / ha. As control serve plants, treated with a thinner without sterilizing agent. The test results are given in Table 1. The analogous results are in the treatment of plants in the Vl. Period of organogenesis obtained.

Examples 2-3

The procedure of Example 1 is repeated. The sterilizing agent used is a 2% strength aqueous emulsion of 2-exo-bornyl trifluoroacetate and 2-exo-bornyl trichloroacetate. The test results are given in Table 1.

Examples 4-7

The process is carried out analogously to that described in Example 1, with the difference that a 0.5 ma .-% aqueous emulsion of г-Ехо-г-спІогаіЬохуЬогпап, 2-Exobomylmonochlorazetat, 2-Exoppbornylformiat or 2- Used Exobornylazetat. The consumption of preparation is 3 kg / ha. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Examples 8-9

The process is carried out analogously to that described in Example 1, but with the difference that one uses a 1% aqueous emulsion of 2-Exo-phenoxybornan and 2-exo- (2-chloro-l-chloromethyiethoxy) bornan. The consumption of preparation is 6 and 10 kg / ha. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

ifd example grain number percent grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat set of the ear of wheat Ansetzensder in the isolator sterility free pollination Grains at free he pollination 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19

Control Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Examples Example 7 Examples Example 9

34.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

40.5 38.2 28.1 28.3 32.3 31.4 33.7 31.7 38.9 36.1

100.0 94.3 69.4 69.9 79.7 77.5 83.2 78.3 96.0 89.1

Examples 10-16

Plants of summer wheat Moskovskaya 35 are in the Vl. Period of organogenesis (according to Kupermann) with a 1% aqueous emulsion of 2-exo-bornylmonochloroacetate, 2-exo-bornyl monobromoacetate, 2-exo-bornyl trifluoroacetate, 2-exobornyl acetate, 2-exo- (2-chloroethoxy) -bornane, 2 -Exobornylformiat or 2-endo-bornylyl acetate treated. The emulsifier contains 0.1% by weight of C 1 -C 10 -alkyl calcium benzene sulfonate as emulsifier and 0.01% by weight of Ν, Ν-dimethylformamide as adjuvant. The consumption of preparation is 6kg / ha. As control serve plants, treated with the thinner without sterilizing agent. The test results are shown in Table 2. The analogous results are obtained in the treatment of plants in the V. period of organogenesis.

Table 2

Ser. example grain number percent grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat set of the ear of wheat Ansetzensder in the isolator sterility free pollination Grains at free he pollination 1 2 3 4 S 6 1 control 34.9 _ 36.4 100.0 2 Example 10 0.0 100.0 22.1 60.7 3 Example 11 0.0 100.0 22.7 62.4 4 Example 12 0.0 100.0 30.4 83.5 5 Example 13 0.0 99.7 20.9 57.4 6 Example 14 0.0 100.0 22.6 62.1 7 Example 15 0.0 100.0 27.5 75.5 8th Example 16 0.2 99.4 35.6 97.8

Examples 17-23

Plants of diploid rye variety Chulpan are in the Vl. Period of organogenesis (after Kupermann) with a 1% aqueous emulsion of 2-exo-bornylmonochlorazetat, 2-exo-bornylmonobromazetat, 2-exo-bornyltrichlorazetat, 2-Exophenoxybornan, 2-exo-2-chloro-1-chloromethyläthoxy) bornan or 2-endo-bornylyl acetate. The emulsion contains 0.1 _mass % C _1z -C _u calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate and 0.01 mass% dodecyl sulfate. The consumption of preparation is 6 kg / ha. As control serve plants, treated with a thinner without sterilizing agent.

The test results are shown in Table 3. The analogous results are obtained in the treatment of plants in the V. period of organogenesis.

Table 3

Ser example grain number percent grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat set of the ear of wheat Starting the in the isolator sterility free pollination Grains at free he pollination 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 49.2 _ 54.1 100.0 2 Example 17 0.7 98.7 46.2 85.4 3 Example 18 0.6 98.9 38.6 71.3 4 Example 19 0.0 100 38.1 70.4 5 Example 20 0.3 99.4 52.3 96.7 6 Example 21 0.5 99.1 53.5 98.9 7 Example 22 0.0 100 53.6 99.1 8th Example 23 0.4 99.3 49.0 90.6

Examples 24-26

Plants of tetraploid rye variety Belta are in the V. Period of organogenesis (according to Kupermann) with a 1% aqueous emulsion of the following sterilants 2-exo-bornyl (trifluoro) acetate, 2-exo-bornyl (trichloro) acetate, 2-Exophenoxybornan treated. The consumption of sterilant is 10 kg / ha

 The results of the tests performed in comparison with control are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Ser example grain number percent 0.0 grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat set of 100 the ear of wheat Ansetzensder insulator sterility 100 free pollination Grains at free 100 he pollination 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 39.9 44.2 100.0 2 Example 24 0.0 38.1 86.2 3 Example 25 0.0 36.0 81.4 4 Example 26 0.0 39.2 88.6

Example 27

Plants of diploid rye Charkovskaya 55 are analogous to Example 1 in the V. and Vl. Period of organogenesis treated with 1.0% aqueous emulsion of 2-exophenoxybornan. The consumption of sterilizing agent is 6kg / ha. The test results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5

Ser example grain number percentage 0 grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat the steri 100.0 the ear of wheat Starting the in the iso formality at free Grains at lator he taxed free tax advertising advertising 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 31.5 39.4 100.0 2 Example 27 0 34.3 87.0

example

Plants of triticale type PRAG-109 are treated analogously to example 1 with a 2% aqueous emulsion of 2-exo-phenoxybornane in the V. period of organogenesis. The consumption of sterilant is 12 kg / ha. The test results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6

Ser example grain number percentage 0.0 grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat the sterili 99.3 the ear of wheat Starting the in the iso ty at free Grains at lator he taxed free tax advertising advertising 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 41.3 45.8 100.0 2 Example 28 0.8 39.7 86.7

example

Plants of Tritikale variety Amfidiploid 206 are treated analogously to Example 1 in the V. Period of organogenesis with a 2% aqueous emulsion of 2-Exophenoxybornan. The consumption of sterilant is 12 kg / ha. The results of the tests carried out are shown in Table 7.

Table 7

Ser example grain number percentage grain number Percentage of No. No. the ear of wheat the sterili the ear of wheat Starting the in the iso ty at free Grains at lator he taxed free tax advertising advertising 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 23.4 0.0 25.2 100 2 Example 29 0.2 98.9 25.2 100.0

Examples 30-39 Plants of millet variety Mironovskoe 94 are analogously to Example 1 in the period of organogenesis with a 1% aqueous emulsion of the following Stirilisationsmittel: 2-Exo-bornyl (trifluoro) acetate, 2-Exo-phenoxybornan, 2 -Exo- (2-chloro-1-methylethoxy) -bornane, 2-exo-bornyl-trimethylacetate, 2-endo-bornyl acetate, 2-exo-bornyl monochloroacetate, 2-exo-bornyl monobromoacetate, 2-exo-bornyl ( tri-chloro) acetate, 2-exo-bornyl acetate, 2-exo- (2-chloroethoxy) bornan, or 2-exo-bornyl formate.

The consumption of sterilant is 10 kg / ha.

The test results in comparison with control are shown in Table 8.

Table 8

Ser 1 example grain number percentage 0.0 grain number Percentage of No. 2 No. the ear of wheat the sterili 100.0 the ear of wheat Starting the 3 in the iso ty 100.0 at free Grains at 4 lator 100.0 he taxed free tax 5 100.0 advertising advertising 1 6 2 3 4 100.0 5 6 7 control 105.1 100.0 153.3 100.0 8th Example 30 0.0 100.0 123.6 80.6 9 Example 31 0.0 100.0 130.0 84.8 10 Example 32 0.0 100.0 90.2 58.8 11 Example 33 0.0 100.0 101.2 66.0 Example 34 0.0 105.2 68.6 Example 35 0.0 128.5 83.8 Example 36 0.0 128.4 83.8 Example 37 0.0 136.9 89.3 Example 38 0.0 98.7 64.4 Example 39 0.0 135.7 88.5

Examples 40-45

Plants of the sunflower variety Peredovik and line BK119 are analogous to Example 1 with a 0.2% aqueous emulsion of the following Stirilisationsmittel: 2-Exo-bomyl-acetate, 2-Exobornylformiat, 2-Exo-phenoxybornan, 2-Exobornylmonochlorazetat, 2nd -Exo- (2-chloroethoxy) bornan or 2-exo-bornyltrichlorazetat treated. The treatment is carried out in the V. period of organogenesis in the phase "asterisks." The preparation dose is 1.2 kg / ha. The test results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9

Ser example percent percent Dimensions 84.0 60.0 number 0.0 olge Kei No. No. sentence of sentence of from 78.0 55.8 the 100.0 stop mung piecing piecing 1000 82.7 59.5 steri 100.0 from from of awful at free Achä- 89.0 56.0 len 100.0 Achä- Achä- under he faithful NEN, Sunflower line BK119 Pflan nen nen insulator advertising ing 85.0 zen in 0.0 ing in% at PoI 77.4 % 100.0 lengemisch- 88.2 100.0 besteubung 83.5 100.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8th Sunflower variety Peredovik 1 control 85.0 85.0 54.7 100.0 2 Example 40 0.0 68.3 54.5 100.0 3 Example 41 0.0 85.4 51.4 100.0 4 Example 42 0.0 79.8 53.9 100.0 5 control 72.6 51.0 100.0 6 Example 43 0.0 51.4 100.0 7 Example 44 0.0 50.3 100.0 8th Example 45 0.0 50.1 100.0

Example 46

Plants of summer wheat variety Botanicheskaya 4 are treated analogously to Example 1 with a 1% aqueous emulsion of a mixture of sterilizing agents such as 2-exo-bornyl monochloroacetate with 2-endo-bornylacetate taken in a ratio of 1: 1. The test results are shown in Table 10.

Table 10

Ser treatment grain number percentage 0.0 grain number Percentage of No. the plants the ear of wheat the sterili 100.0 the ear of wheat Starting the in the isolator ty at free Grains at he taxed free tax advertising advertising 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 control 28.9 30.9 100.0 2 mixture 0.0 29.0 93.8 from Steri lisierungs submit

Examples 47-49

Plants of diploid rye variety Chulpan are analogous to Example 1 with a 1% aqueous emulsion of the following mixtures of sterilizing agents such as a mixture of 2-exo-bornyltrichlorazetat with 2-endo-botnylazetat (at a ratio 1: 1), mixture of 2 Exo -bornyl acetate with 2-exo-bornyl trimethyl acetate (at a ratio of 1: 1), mixture of 2-exobornyl formate with 2-exophenoxybornane (at a ratio of 1: 1).

tables

lfd example grain number percentage grain number percentage of

Nr. No. of the Ear of the Stem of the Stem of the Horse

in the isolator contributed to free grains

he taxed bestow-

exercise exercise

1 2 3 4 0.0 5 6 1 control 44.5 100.0 46.6 100.0 2 Example 47 0.0 100.0 40.5 86.9 3 Example 48 0.0 100.0 36.4 78.1 4 Example 49 0.0 38.8 83.3

Claims (1)

1. A method for sterilizing the dust bags of plants by their treatment with a sterilizing agent in conjunction with a thinner in the fifth and / or sixth period of the organogenesis, characterized in that as a sterilizing agent terpene compounds of the general formula: "0 0 0 R ii ii where A is Exo-OCH, ExO-OCCF ₅ , Exo-OCCCL,