DD268110A3 - MEANS FOR INDUCING RESISTANCE TO VIRUSES IN CULTURAL AND UTILITY PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agents for chemically inducing resistance to viruses in crops and crops containing as an effective component a stilbene compound, together with suitable tracer compounds and / or surface-active agents; One or more active compounds can be present in the agents according to the invention. - The funds will be used to increase the resilience of plants - by activating plant-specific defense mechanisms - to effectively address the development or spread of pests - the spread of plant diseases caused by viruses in agricultural and agricultural crops. The introduction of a resistance-inducing principle into a plant population (through an economically sensible and ecologically acceptable method) offers possibilities of pest control, which go beyond previously known principles. It has been found that use of the phenomenon of induced resistance as an effective plant protection measure is possible if, for the purpose of induction, derivatives of the chemical structure class of the stilbenes are used as "resistance regulators". The compounds according to the invention are synthetically easily accessible, physiologically acceptable substances which can be used; They meet the high demands that are placed on an active ingredient today, largely. As the requirements for toxicological safety and environmental friendliness.

Description

η - J68140

Description of the invention Title of the invention:

Agent for inducing resistance to viruses in crops and crops

Fields of application of the invention:

The invention relates to agents for the chemical induction of resistance in crops and crops.

The funds are used to increase the resilience of crops and crops. The funds are used in the laboratory and greenhouse sector as well as in the field - under practical growing conditions - to induce resistance to various infectious diseases, such as

(a) cucumber mosaic virus

- cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

- Rice notification (Chenopodium quinoa L)

(b) root beard disease (beet necrotic yellow vein virus)

- Robe (Beta vulgaris L.)

- Rice Registration (Chenopodium quinoa L.)

(c) - Trespen mosaic (brome grass mosaic virus)

- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

_ 2 - M & 44O

Characteristic of the known technical solutions :

Information on the known technical solutions with reference to their deficiencies, which are eliminated by the invention:

1. Direct pest control

With the conventional plant protection and pesticides (PSM - see KEMPTER, G .: J ¹ JNAR, A .: chemistry of organic pesticides, VEB German publishing house of the sciences, 2. Aufig., Berlin 1983) and methods for direct pest control By no means can all infectious diseases be satisfactorily controlled. The use of pesticides is particularly limited by the appearance of resistance in the pathogen population; The success of resistance breeding is also accompanied by an increasing selection of pathogen races (pathotypes) which have become resistant to pesticides. - The application of PPPs for direct control of pests are increasingly ecological and toxicological, z. T. also counter economic problems.

An increase in PSM production does not guarantee any improvement in crop protection. The last few years have clearly demonstrated the environmental problems that can result from a careless and uncontrolled use of pesticides (eg insecticides, herbicides); The development of new pesticides of this kind can not be regarded as a real solution, but conventional PPPs are likely to retain their high economic importance in the long term.

The mentioned disadvantages of the direct pest control force for research in principle new methods of plant protection and pest control or to look out for further Rationalisierungsmöglichkeiten.

2. Increasing the resistance of the plants

The economically important infectious diseases of crops and crops do not allow us today to combat it comprehensively with chemical means.

Alternatives offer the methods of increasing the resistance of the plants; these include the breeding of resistant varieties and the induction of disease resistance (resistance activation),

2.1. Breeding of resistant varieties

The great successes of resistance breeding are accompanied by an increasing selection of pathogen races (pathotypes); by natural selection - counter-selection of pathogens - the resistance of new plant forms is broken. Furthermore, in some areas of plant breeding, it is becoming increasingly difficult to combine the demands for high yields and good quality in breeding with high resistance properties at the same time.

2.2. Induction of disease resistance

In principle, the aspect of activating natural defense systems (through an economically viable and ecologically viable process) offers completely new ways of controlling plant diseases. For today's crop protection, this raises the question of whether practicable means and methods for increasing the resilience of crops and crops - without genetic intervention - can be developed. A key problem is the way in which a permanent introduction of a resistance-inducing principle into a plant population succeeds.

So far, resistance inducers - substances that are capable of activating resistance mechanisms in plants - of microbial origin have proven to be particularly effective, but their chemical nature has scarcely been reported; For example, culture filtrates of cultures of certain bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which had not been prepared as inducer solutions and which had been detected by producers of the resistance inducer (SCHÖNBECK, F., DEHNE, H.-W. BALDER, H .: Efficacy-induced resistance under practical conditions of cultivation I. Powdery mildew on vines, cucumbers and wheat Z. Plant diseases and plant protection (1982) 89, 177-184). It was found that plant stocks can be protected against infection by the phenomenon of resistance induction even under practical cultivation conditions. Field trials of this kind were mainly by F. SCHÖNBECK u. Al. (University of Hannover / Germany). However, the development that makes such models available for plant protection is still in its infancy; vgK BEICHT, W .: How to "immunize" plants? Natural sciences. Rundschau (1984) 37, H. 8, 309-312. The disadvantage of these solutions results from the requirement for defined active substances or standardized substance mixtures; costly cleaning operations are likely to be associated with significant costs.

In many models, the induction of resistance was achieved by a slight initial infection with the pathogen, by contact of the plant with other pathogens or weakly virulent pathogen races. However, the application of a pathogen to a plant population does not appear to be useful in practice, which, among other things, probably explains the low importance of the method in the past (SEQ.UNA, L .: The acquisition of systemic resistance by prior inoculation.) In: 3.M DALY 3. URITANI: Recognition and specificity in plant host-parasite interactions, Japan Scient. Soc., Tokyo 1S79).

In addition to these representations, there are other, but less practical, studies of the phenomenon of induced resistance; Numerous cases of induced resistance to fungal, ilateral and viral diseases are documented in the literature. In order to induce resistance, non-pathogenic breeds of pathogens, non-pathogens of the host, pathogens and metabolic products of hosts or of infectious agents have been used (for summary in BEICHT, W .: Investigations on the induction of resistance mechanisms in plants by microbial metabolites, Diss. Univ. Hannover 1981. KUC, 0.: Multiple mechanisms, reaction rates and induced resistance in plants In: RC STAPLES; GH TOENIESSEN (Eds.): Plant disease control - resistance and susceptibility. Oohn Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester , Brisbane, Toronto 1981, pp. 259-272 WOOD, RKS: Active defense mechanisms in plants, New York: Plenary, 1982, 1 - 381).

Progress in the detection and isolation and identification (titrukiuraufklärung) of plant resistance inducers has been achieved in recent years (see HOFFEREK, H .: New approaches to biochemistry and physiology of disease resistance of plants.) Series "lectures in the field of AdL" , 1983, Ii. 1, 35-60); However, such metabolites are present in very low concentrations in the plant, so that in the best case, only conceptions for the synthesis of structural analogues should be relevant to practice (see also OENNS, A, KUC, 3: Graft transmission of systemic resistance of cucumber against Colletotrichum lagenarium, Physiol Plant Plantol (1979) 69, 753-756).

Drug research in the PSM industry has led to the discovery that a fungicide known per se - the compound

2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (WL 28325) to the rice tuber pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae, to induce resistance (I.ANGOAKE, P., CARTWRIGHT, D. PIDE, 3rd P.). In the: Systemic Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, proceedings of a symposium, Reinhardsbrunn, GDR, ed H. LYR, C. POTTER, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1981); Additional dichlorocyclopropane derivatives with a corresponding indirect effect were found. It has been shown that antifungal agents can act by influencing the plant metabolism. Other examples of an indirect mode of action of fungicides have been described (WADE, M .: Antifnngal agents having an indirect mode of action. In: AP 0. TRINCI; 3. F. RYLEY (Eds.): Mode of action of antifungal agents. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York 1984, pp. 283-298); These include the agents Aliette, Phenyithiourea, Probanazol. Such "fungicides" (which includes the o.G. substance WL 28325) induce in the plant the synthesis of certain antibodies (phytoalexins). However, the same reaction can also by other so-called stress factors - such as cold, UV radiation, mercury salts, various inorganic or organic substances - are triggered; the effect - iir. Principle has long been known unspecific and for the plant? Physically significant. Other disadvantages are: disturbance of the development process of the plant (loss of yield, quality loss), ecological *; and toxicological problems.

The indirect action mechanisms of fungicides have hitherto had no particular significance for practical plant protection; such funds do not meet the high demands that are made on modern crop protection products.

_ ₇ _ J6641O

For the chemical ResistenWnduktion, as described in the present patent, weJ, are so far no information, information or advice in the literature before.

The present invention overcomes the stated deficiencies of the hitherto known technical solutions; the agents of the invention produce - they are applied - resistance to viral pests by activating the plant's own defense systems (indirect pest control), they are physiologically harmless in all application variations. Phytotoxic effects are by no means established.

has been presented. Special diagnoses also showed no toxic effects on humans and animals.

The active compounds of the presented agents are readily accessible by chemical synthesis; the industrial production of the means is very economical, just as much as in the agricultural and horticultural practice its application (expenditure amounts) is extremely economical.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is the induction of resistance to pathogenic viruses in crops and useful plants, which is to be effectively countered the development or spread of pests - the spread of virus-related plant diseases in agricultural and horticultural crops.

The use of a resistance-inducing principle in a lanzüit stock provides opportunities for pest control, 'Me go beyond previously known principles.

By physiologically harmless usable, synthetically produced, chemical agents for resistance activation, a use of the phenomenon of i'id-tzierten resistance for the control of viral infectious diseases in crops and crops should be possible with ecological advantages and high benefits in increasing and stabilizing yields - without genetic interventions and without the use of toxic pesticides.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The methods used in practical plant protection for direct pest control are, as already stated, in ecological, toxicological, z. T. also in economic terms, not always problem-free. The increasing selection of strains which have become resistant to pesticides is also problematic. In addition, these methods can not control all major infectious diseases. Alternatives include the methods of increasing the resistance of the pits. These methods include, above all, the breeding of res stenter varieties; the use of such varieties is burdened with the problem of resistance to overcome by virulent pathotypes whose selection may be favored under modern cultivation conditions. On the other hand, plants have a natural resistance potential, which is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and can be activated by non-genetic type interventions (induced resistance phenomenon).

The technical problem solved by the invention is of a complex nature and comprehensively defined:

It consists in the control of plant parasitic viruses - by activation of natural defense mechanisms of the plants using agents (inducers), the use of which is economically reasonable and ecologically acceptable.

The use of the funds allows one to exploit the phenomenon of induced resistance as an effective crop protection measure (indirect pest control).

Compared to the conventional methods for pest control, there are no toxicological and ecological problems when using the means; the economy in the production and application of the agents according to the invention (compounds of the general formula I) is highly favorable compared to, for example, conventional pesticides.

It has now been found that the object of the invention is achieved in an outstanding manner if, for the purpose of induction, derivatives of the chemical structural class of the stilbenes are used as "resir, tone regulators". The agents according to the invention contain as active component at least one stilbene compound of the general formula I:

- 10 -

R, R,

¹ "

SO, X SO, X

(Formula I)

X is Na, K, NH ₄ or aliphatic amine and R ₁ to R are different or in pairs R ₁ + R ₃ and R "+ R _{4 are} each the same or R ₁ to R ₄ .

means

Cl, -OH, -NH ₂

- Aliphatic primary or secondary amines having preferably one to four carbon atoms, which may further carry oxy or Oxyalkyljruppen

- cycloaliphatic amines / 2

- Heterocycles such as "N ^ J ^

CHp "" ~~ "CHp

- Where appropriate, substituted aromatic amines or phenols, in particular of the compound strain benzene or naphthalene, their substituents z. B. -Cl, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , - OCH ₃ are.

- 11 -

means either R ₁ or a substituted aromatic Ainin of the general formula II

SO ₃ X

(Formula II)

where X has the abovementioned meaning and Z stands for -H, -Cl or -SO ₃ X.

Furthermore, R "is a compound of general formula III

NH ₂ S0 "/

(Formula III) where X and Z are as defined above

can also be a substituted aromatic Ami η the basic structure (formula IV)

ZX ZX

(Formula IV)

440

in which also X and Z are those listed above

Meanings have and either in ring A or B in pairs

stand or isolated such that at X in the ring A with above

listed meaning X in the ring B = H and vice versa; the same applies to Z.

If R ₁ to R _{3 are} different, the substituents correspond to the entire possibilities of R ₁ and R ₂ .

The ready-to-use agents contain eiüc; or more biologically active compounds or the like. Kind (formula I) together with carriers and surfactants * (general).

The type and number of components contained in an agent, di-j selection or combination of active compounds corresponds to the intended use; In principle, the most diverse combinations of compounds of the general formula I are possible, the spectrum of action can be extended or varied - the combination options are not limited only to the compounds (formula I), the active agents composition of the invention can, for. B. with growth regulators, herbicides or fungicides.

The use suchp- combined preparations z. B. in cereal ι may be particularly useful economically. In horticultural crops, on the other hand, agents with specific effects will have greater meanings.

- 13 -

Embodiment 1:

Enhancement of cucumber mosaic virus resistance in Chenopodium quinoa plants by the compound of the formula

NN \ -MI- ¹ · J-

¹ N

SOjNa

-NH-

"\ _C"

Sun, Na

I ρ

R = -N (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂

(Formula V)

The cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic virus) and ohenopodium quinoa system is particularly suitable for resistance activation studies; The test plant (Ch. quinoa) forms local lesions after infection, the number of which can easily be determined for the assessment of infestation strength.

Plants of Chenopodium quinoa are in the 6 to 8 leaf stage of their development at different times before infection (treatment interval: 3 d) with a 0.05 or 0, l% aqueous solution of the active compound (formula V), in the 0.001% surfactant (ethoxylated nonylphenol) is sprayed dripping wet. The infection is carried out in the test after pretreatment in the usual way by mechanical leaf inoculation of a virus-containing pressed juice from infected cucumber plants. The number of infectious local lesions is determined.

- 14 -

The effect of the compound according to the invention causes an inhibition of the virus multiplication, the number of lesions is reduced by 50 to 60% compared to the control.

Embodiment 2:

It is also possible to produce in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) resistance to cucumber mosaic disease by pretreatment of the plants with the agents according to the invention; the execution with regard to the use of the active compound and the application form (application method) 'corresponds to the embodiment 1.

The course of systemic infection (the development of the disease) is determined by the usual symptom assessment.

Application of the compound of formula V (R = -N (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ ) inhibits the systemic disease; Compared to the untreated control, the effects of the infection (cicada mosaic disease) can be reduced by 50% or more.

The improvement in resistance is accompanied by a reduction in the damage (and thus a corresponding erythroid stabilization).

Embodiment 3

Control of the root beard virus de / sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) by the compound of formula V, R = -OH.

The effect of the compound according to the invention on the root beard virus (beet necrotic yellow vein virus) -the virus has gained increasing economic importance in recent years-can be determined on Chenopodium quinoa plants.

- 15 -

Chenopodium quinoa plants are sprayed with aqueous solutions of the compound (Formula V, R = -OH) - the agent is 0.05 % active compound + 0.001% wetting agent (ethoxylated nonylphenol or alkylsulfonate) - pre-infection sprayed once daily on four consecutive days; the infection occurs on the fifth day by the usual Inokulationstechnik with virus-containing preparations.

The number of local lesions appearing on the leaves is determined and compared with the lesion count of the water control.

• ⁿ 'ie application of the agent results in a drastic reduction in the foci of infection (local lesions) in the inoculated leaves; the lesion count is reduced to about 30 % of the control (susceptibility decrease by 70%). - To reinforce or stabilize the effect, one or more post-treatments can be carried out with the composition according to the invention.

Claims (4)

- 16 - Succession claim 1. means for inducing resistance to viruses hei crops and useful plants, characterized in that in addition to conventional adjuvants and additives as an effective ingredient is a compound of the general formula ₁ . R ₃ I i NNN ^N N R ₂ JI ,, LnH- ^ \ - CH = CH-, '/ V-NH Jl SO ₃ X SO ₃ X (Formula I) is included in the X for No, K, NH. or aliphatic amine and R ₁ to R _{4 are} different or in pairs R ₁ + R "and R ₀ + R _{4 are} each the same or R ₁ to R _{4 are the} same means Cl, -OH, -NH ₂ - Aliphatic primary or secondary amines having preferably one to four carbon atoms, which may further carry oxy or oxyalkyl groups - cycloaliphatic amines qjj q Heterocycles, such as ~~ N ^ (Ίπ ntT r - 17 - - optionally also .u ^. 'tituieri-, aromatic amines or phenols, in particular of the Verbindungsatammes benzene or naphthalene, their substituents z. B. - Cl, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -C ¹ I ₃ , -OCH ₃ ; means either R ₁ or a substituted aromatic amine of the general formula // I V- m \ / ² SO ₃ X (Formula II) where X has the abovementioned meaning and Z stands for -H, -Cl or -SO ₃ X} Furthermore, R ₂ denotes a compound of the general formula NH ₂ SO ₃ X (Formula III) where X and Z are as defined j - 18 - R "can also be a substituted aromatic amine of the basic structure B A / _ / \ ΝΗ ₂ W W ZX ZX (Formula IV) in which also X and Z have the meanings listed above and are either in ring A or B in pairs or isolated such that at X in ring A with the above meaning then X in ring B is -II and vice versa the same applies to Z: Xst R ₁ to R different, the substituents correspond to the entire possibilities of R ₁ and R ". 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixture of different Stilbenderivate gemä ^p claim 1 is used. 3. Composition according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains surface-active substances, inert carrier substances and / or solvents. 4. Composition according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that it additionally contains agrochemicals such as agents for the chemical influence or control of plant development and growth processes (growth regulators, etc.), herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers.