DD265966A5 - Complex lysimeter-containing immersion facility and sampling method for the in vivo investigation of the transport of substances and the use of substances in syslographic systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to complexes, lysimeter-containing investigation plant and investigation method for "in vivo" investigation of the transport of substances and the use of materials of agro-ecological systems. The invention is applicable to "in vivo" study of water and other matter transport as well as the use or the harmful effect in agroecological systems such as soil, groundwater, plants and atmosphere. It should be a simultaneous, realistic and complex investigation of all facts possible. In the investigation facility, the lysimeters (7, 13, 14) are arranged according to examination objectives in one or more examination groups (1), the examination group (s) (1) having undeluted and / or inflated soil cover layers (2, 3), the lysimeters ( 7, 13, 14) and / or the examination group (s) (1) are connected by fluid conduits (4) to the vascular system (6) arranged in the basement space (5). In the examination method, the examinations are coordinated spatially and temporally in parallel, coordinated with each other and / or interacting with each other, the examination results are measured and registered, and the biological, ecological and / or economic effect curve and the optimum are determined on the basis of the measurement results. Fig. 2

Description

For this 4 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention is applicable to the 'in vivo'-investigation of-optionally influenced by various treatment-Waaser- and other metabolic processes and the water and other use of substances or the harmful effect on agro-ecological systems, such as soil, groundwater, plants and atmosphere.

Characteristics of the "known state" of technology

At the moment, pollution of the natural environment is constantly increasing, water levels below and below ground are endangered, pollution levels of the air, soil and plants are constantly increasing. In agriculture, too, more and more chemicals are being used, and the amount of hazardous waste that appears as a side effect of agricultural and industrial production is steadily increasing. The environmental impact of the unexpected industrial catastrophes is still unpredictable these days. The willingness to avert individual situations which endanger the environment is manageable, there are insufficient experiences, and the possibilities of preventive measures are often unexplored. In the natural cycle of substances, the human being deliberately or unwillingly intervenes to a greater extent. All activities affecting or influencing this area have an immediate economic and ecological impact, whose identification, consideration and control are of importance and are becoming increasingly indispensable.

Lysimeters have long been used by the world to study the traffic and use of various substances entering the soil. Numerous lysimeter-equipped experimental stations were set up with special tasks to solve certain narrowly defined tasks.

The Abaukhaled (FAC Irrigation and Drainage Paper -1982) provides a detailed overview of the known lysimeters and their use.

A feature of the known and operating experimental stations is that they have been built for specific tasks, predominantly to determine the level of evaporation or the water requirements of the plants and add only to certain types-often very costly and therefore numerically few-Lysimeter vei whereby, with the timely execution of the lysimeter, simultaneous and faithful, complex examination of the more important factors is not possible in combination with each other.

An important requirement is simultaneity in separating the effect of the meteorological elements, which greatly influence on the traffic of all water-soluble substances, and on this time on the effect of production-related and other factors influenced by human behavior.

Another fundamental requirement is the fidelity of the investigations, i. the exploration of the actual material transport of systems with real states and structures. The standard examination facilities do not fully comply with this requirement, either because they work with agitated soil, in which case the seepage, i. H. Mlgi - '.' On the water or substances dissolved in the water is different from the environment. or, if they are equipped with a monolithic lysimetor operating in a closed system, the disturbing factor is the so-called wall effect. In the case of the funnel-shaped or similar lysimters operating in an open system under the surface of the single state, however, the plant-like examination of the water and of the other substances becomes uncertain due to the possibility of lateral water movement.

Object of the invention The invention has the aim of largely eliminating the listed shortcomings. Essence of the invention The technical task The invention is based on the task of developing a research facility and an associated method, which is

for simultaneous, genuinely faithful, complex investigation of the matter and consequently the soil, the

Groundwater and plants and the reciprocal interaction of the plant

also the environment tangent human behavior, the production technologies and the intervention methods are suitable.

The technical means to solve the charge According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the iur .in vivo'-undervaluation of the material traffic and the use of materials

the agi'oötologiechen system complex complex investigation system known per se, the same or different systems having lysimeters, - if necessary - the lysimeter with Untersuchungsmatorial providing

Feeding devices, groundwater headers, liquid ladders, collectors, heaters and compressor devices, and a

the examination results have measuring, registering and / or processing unit. Characteristic of the

Investigation facility is that the lysimeters are ordered by investigation tasks in study groups, the Unscrewed and / or agitated ground cover layer (s) of the study group (s), the lysimeters and / or Study group (s) by liquid conductor mix in one or more cellar rooms arranged vascular system

are connected.

In an advantageous embodiment of the examination system, the one having an unrolled ground cover layer Examination group equipped with tray plate lysimeter (s). In its advantageous embodiment, the lysimeter takes a

partially sloping bottom part, a beaded tray, in this one provided with a filter filter layer and the deepest sonon

Point of the tablet has an exit port. This open-system lysimetor eliminates the error that is next to the Side wall of the other-z. B. provided with breeding tubs - lysimeter seeping down and so not through the floor

filtered water during the investigation of the flushing of the substances reaching the surface.

Dio balance examination of the Wastters and from it the exact determination of the evaporation knows with under agitated Arranged bottom layer, advantageously doubled breeding tank lysimeter be made. The matched «) operation of plates and breeding tub lysimetem of appropriate number thus allows the complex Fulfillment of investigation tasks, for the fulfillment of which even the most modern and expensive lysl meters are not suitable

would.

The sublimation allowance can also be supplemented by the digital tracking of the dynamics of the water balance (of the level).

which also requires a soil moisture study. In this case, the investigation group with agitated ground cover layer possesses vortoilhafterweise Schwimmnrlysimeter. In the liquid bath of the sweeter container of the

Lytimeters are a floating open-topped inner container, between the outer and inner container spacers.

arranged in the inner container greenhouse and expedient Bodon Perlitgemlsch.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, the vascular system has a nozzle attached to the fluid conductor. Collection vessel, a level control vessel, connected to leUrterom measuring vessel and a Vetbindungsror.rleitung or a Überftiufrohr and if necessary arranged in the connecting pipe valves. Be! a further advantageous embodiment of the examination system is slid (is the Kellerraum (the Kollerräume) in

formed on the floor (s), optionally pre-contoured container (s). This allows one with

Module construction and modular system internal and external compilation, i. a the respective need

Corresponding fast and cost-effective arrangement as well as mobilization of KeKerrnume / dei

Basements. For the investigation of the invention, in particular with voi mentioned Untersuchungsitniage taking place

characterizing that the various examinations are coordinated spatially and temporally parallel miteinandai and / or carried out under the mutual interaction, the results of the investigation measured, registered and based on the

Measurement results - if necessary - a biological, ecological and / or economic Wirkunuskurve and an optimum

be determined.

In an advantageous realization of the method, the examinations, the measurement, registration and the Determination of the effect curve and the optimum turn part or fully automated. Dor advantage of the invention is based on the knowledge that such investigation! tasks (remote aim of investigations

correspondingly selected - examination equipment of the desired completeness, equipped with suitable lysedmetal, arranged in groups of undercurrents with agitated and / or undiluted soil cover layers, can be carried out simultaneously, wirehichkehstreu and also interacting with each other on complex catfish, whereby the test objects even extreme - circumstances can be adjusted accordingly. Because of the generally available in a simple, fast and low cost such

Results indicate a biological, ecological and / or biological condition that is in line with the complex conditions of the investigation

economic optimum to be determined.

AusfflhrungsbetspM

The exemplary embodiment of erfindungsgomäßen investigation system will be described in more detail based on the accompanying drawings, wherein

1: the arrangement drawing of the investigation system in plan view, 2 shows a section along the plane designated in Fig. 1 H-II, 3 shows an enlarged section of a plate lysimeter taken along the plane IV-IV (FIG. 2, detail A), FIG. 4 shows the top view of a lysimeter according to FIG. 3, FIG. 6 shows an enlarged section, taken along the plane Vl-Vf, of a breeding table lysimeter (FIG. 2, detail 8), FIG. 6 shows the top view of a lysimeter according to FIG. 5, FIG. FIG. 7 shows an enlarged section of the float caliper taken along the plane VMI-VIII (FIG. 2, detail C), FIG. Flg. 8: the top view of a lyeimeter according to FIG. 7, 9 shows a sketched arrangement drawing of the vascular system

represent.

The sketched in Fig. 1 to 2 complex lysimeterbestückte investigation system is-the specified investigation tasks

accordingly - arranged in two separate plots of the growing area, between which the container formed from

Basement room 6 is found. In the bottom block according to Rg. 1 of the area are the Plattenlyslmeter with the unrolled ground cover layer 2, in the Jarunter located smaller block, however, the float lysimeter 14 arranged. In the upper parcel according to FIG. 2, on the right are the breeding tubs having a churned ground cover layer 3. Lysimeter 13 and a float lysimeter 14 to see. The lysimeters 7,13 and 14 are in a compilation and number corresponding to the examination tasks in the Investigation Group 1 and arranged by means of the Gravitationsflüssigkeitsleiter 4 with the in the basement S engeordnet Connected vascular system β. The plate lysimeters 7 according to FIGS. 3 to 4 are under a natural state of the unstable ground cover layer 2

arranged at different depths. At the lowest point of the crimping rim (curiously out

Plastic fabricated) plate 9 of the plate lymeter 7 arranged Au. Opening 12 Is a partially sloping bottom part 6

connected and above it is the classifying Waschkies existing Fitterschicht 1 *. total orders. The outer opening is tweckdienlicherweise protected by the - with a - not shown - fender filter 10.

The cultivation tubs L.sub.vmots 13 of FIGS. S to .beta. Are held in twin configuration, that is to say in FIG. H. that in each case four pieces with one

common partition in a Lysimetereinheit be arranged. This economical design also offers

Possibilities for carrying out simultaneous and more varied investigations.

7 to 8 relate to the construction of float lysimeters 14. In these, the inner container 16 is in a liquid bath 17 of the pipe socket provided with an outer container 16 floating - floating state. The pipe socket allows the regulation of the liquid level in the liquid bath 17. To reduce the friction between the containers 15 and 16 are provided between these spacers 18, zweckdienlicherweiso plastic films. In the inner container 16, which is open at the top, there is the material panel 19 and the indicator plant seed stock, which is conveniently made of pearlite and is of the soil.

9 shows one of the vascular systems 6 to be found in the basement chamber 5. The vascular system 6 is connected to the respective lysimeter through the liquid line 4, which adjoins the connecting tube 23 leading to the collecting vessel 20 and to the liquid level vessel 21 and communicating with the valves 25. The level control vessel 21 serving to maintain the possible level of liquid in the breeding bath · lysimeter 13 or to adjust the level of the liquid bath 17 can be arranged on the wall of the cellar space 5 at the respectively desired height. The -:; :: Jngsgefäß 21 is provided with the measuring vessel 22 arranged above the same through the valve 25 provided with the

Piping 23 connected. For the derivation of the occurring in case of rising of the groundwater level Leachate serves the provided between the level control vessel 21 and the collecting vessel 20 overflow pipe .M. The operation of the complex, lysimeter investigation facility is as follows: The on the growing area of the investigation facility or on the Bodenoberfläclie the breeding tank lysimeter 13 and the Floatimeter 14 under natural or man-made conditions precipitation, which added to this

odor (η this all hineingatenen and / or on the ground surface or in the ground all water-soluble

Solids, other liquids or gases get mixed together in the examination soil or in the Material mixture 19; they are bound there or pass through root intake into the insect plant, and further into the Atmosphere, wherein the dissolved liquid in the liquid state seeps into the deeper layers of the soil. The liquid over - school, which is progressing deeper and deeper along the gravitational path, collects "through the filter layer 11 of the

under the unfinished Boäendeckschicht arranged plate lysimeter 7 percolating around the outlet opening 12 of the

Bodenteiles 8 or enters the continuously deeper soil layer of the intended in doubled arrangement breeding tub Lyslmeter 13 infiltrating the outlet opening of the lysimeter. The inner container 16 of the example given Schwimmeriyslmeters 14 is provided with no liquid discharge. With the help of an additional execution solution can

However, this fluid can also be examined.

The accumulated liquid of the lysimeter flows through Jie liquid conduits 4 flowing into the basement 5

arranged collecting vessels 20. From here the liquid passes after quantity measurement to carry out the intended

Investigations in the course of which samples are taken from the liquids, the liquid carbon preserves are preserved and so on

can.

With the help of belonging to the vascular system 6 level control vessels 21, the connecting pipe 23 and the valves 25th

may, after addition of the relevant examination file-beyond the previous ones, be transferred to the

Breeding Trough Lyelrneter 13 special floor finishes can be made, It can be different floor defects, Bodensäuerung, manganese content, Ockerhaltlgkeit (yellowing) triggered, but also occurring at random, the Harmful to the environment * effects to be investigated. In the context of the inventive investigation procedure preceding additional procedural section

chemically analyzed and weighed the substances used for the possible different treatments and carried out the tests of soil and plants that were traditionally required.

Thereafter, in connection with the individual treatments, the temporally and spatially related, the Corresponding systematic sampling of the soil, the plants and the Liquids; The samples are chemically analyzed in a variety of ways, examined and then the results registered. As part of the

Complex evaluation of the results are compiled in accordance with the examination tasks in accordance with material balance - type identifications and the interactions taking place in the plant, in the soil and in the liquid

Mechanisms of action investigated and determined. Under complex use of the investigation results become the

biological, ecological and / or economic effect curve and the optimum.

The main advantages of the examination system according to the invention and of the examination method can be as follows

be summarized.

(a) the research facility and the examination procedure can be widely used for the study of the foliar weaning operations in the agroecological system to get to know the effect of migration and conversion of water, plant nutrients, plant protection products and plants on the soil, groundwater and plants organic and inorganic contaminants of various origins, for the determination of biologically, ecologically and economically optimal or rational dosages and dosage forms, for the determination of the filtration, binding and digestive (Vt potency) capacity of the soil and for control used for irrigation.

b) A particularly important feature of the solution according to the invention is that it controls the environmental impact of municipal and agricultural pollution, the various industrial nuclear power plants, isotope excavation sites, waste deposits, environment damaging influences and the regional nature protection and landscape protection areas can be installed.

c) The solution according to the invention may be useful for modeling environmentally damaging effects for projecting the protection and avoidance systems for planned projects that are acceptably performing environmentally beneficial activities (various industrial facilities, barrages, landfills, waste reservoirs, leotopefivergrab'ingingsetters, etc.) Their environmental impact factors, and to design the environmental safety conditions that also correspond to the operational or extreme conditions.

(d) The study of crop, pulp and water transports and their interactions with the environment can be carried out in natural, unruffled soil profiles, even for artificially adjusted - even extreme - conditions. In the framework of the investigations, the natural processes can be brought about by accelerating and provoking conditions.

e) The investigation facility according to the invention is made suitable for the determination of their interactions and action curves by the possible selection, the corresponding number and the grouping of the lysimeters after the investigation tasks, for multi-page use, for the parallel investigation of the numerous different factors influencing the metabolism and the use ,

f) The coordinated operation of the lysimeters with undisturbed and agitated ground cover layer can be used to determine the errors of the individual types and to obtain substantially more and more reliable results than with their separate use. Dia examination and the results obtained are true to reality, some can be used without correction, to tail - possibly - can be made by comparing the results of each lysine-ster the internal correction.

g) The erection - and also the abandonment - of the investigation facility takes place for the environment gently, simply and inexpensively. The lysimeters and container containers selected for the examination tasks can be prefabricated and pre-assembled.

Claims (9)

1. A complex lysimeter-equipped investigation facility for "in νίνο" investigation of material traffic and material use of agro-ecological systems, the facility being known lysimeters having the same or different systems, the lysimeter supplying feed to the material to be examined, liquid collectors, Extractor and a compressor device, as well as a recording and / or processing unit measuring the test results, characterized in that the lysimeters (7, 13, 14) are arranged according to examination objectives in one or more examination groups (1), the examination group (s) ( 1) unrolled and / or agitated bottom cover layers (2, 3), the lysimeters (7, 13, 14) and / or the re-examination group (s) (1) through fluid lines (4) to the cellar room (s) (5 ) arranged vascular system (6) are connected. 2. Investigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the unrolled ground cover layer (2) having soldering group (1) plate lysimeter (7). 3. Un'arsuchungsanlage according to claim 2, characterized in that the Plattenlysimeter (7) has a partially sloping bottom part (8), provided with a flange plate (9), in this one with a filter (10) provided with filter layer (11) and lowest point of the plate (9) has an outlet opening (12). 4. Investigation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it has doubled (s) breeding tubs · lysimeter (13) in the investigation group (1) having the turbulent Bodondeckschicht (3). 5. Investigation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it has in the the troubled ground cover layer (3) having examination group (DSchwimmerlysimeter (14) in whose / their outer container (15) in the liquid bath (17) a floating open-topped inner container (17). 16), between the outer and inner containers (15, 16), spacers (19) are arranged in the inner container (16) for plants and expediently a soil / perlite mixture (19). 6. Investigation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the vascular system (6) to each liquid line (4) a connected Ammeigefäß (20) and a level control vessel (21) connected to the level control vessel (21) measuring vessel (22) and a connecting line (23) or an overflow tube! 24) and if necessary in the connecting line (23) arranged valves (25) has. 7. Investigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the basement room / the Kellet spaces from at least one sunk in the ground, possibly pre-assembled container is / are formed. 8. A method for the examination of complex material transport and / or the use of materials of agro-ecological systems, in particular in investigation facilities according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the investigations spatially and temporally parallel, coordinated urtd / odor in mutual interaction carried out, the test results are measured and registered in a known per se and based on the measurement results - if necessary, a biological, ecological and / or economic impact curve and an optimum can be determined. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the investigations, measurements, registrations and effect curves · and optimum determinations are carried out partly or fully automatically.