DD255267A1 - PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SEEDS AND FRUIT MEAT FOR SEED PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating seeds and pulp to obtain the seeds of ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees and other ornamental plants and fruits and vegetables seeds. The essence of the invention consists in the separation of pulp and seeds by the action of aqueous enzyme solutions of pectinolytic and / or cellulolytic enzymes and subsequent aftertreatment while maintaining the germination capacity of the seeds.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a process for the separation of seeds and pulp for seed extraction by removing from the seed enclosing or adhering to the seed pulp components including the fruit peel. The method is applicable to the extraction and pre-treatment of plant seeds as seeds, vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants, ornamental trees and ornamental shrubs with high quality and purity.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

To obtain vegetable, fruit, ornamental, ornamental and ornamental shrubs seeds, the respective seeds are customary in practice by mechanical detachment or detachment from the pulp or by fermentation processes under the action of plant-specific enzymes or microbial infections or by combined mechanical-fermentative processes such as B. crushing the fruits and subsequent natural fermentation process and obtained by subsequent washing of the seeds. This gives a seed which, after drying, depending on the intensity and duration of the treatment z. As the fermentation process is more or less contaminated by adhering pulp residues and thus yields seed of different quality and must be subjected to a mechanical Nachreinigungsprozeß. Prolonged duration of the fermentation process can additionally lead to impairments of the germ quality of the seed to be harvested.

The use of exogenous enzymes to accelerate the process of pulp separation to obtain highly purified and thus high quality seeds are so far no findings.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is the production of high-quality seeds of high purity from the seed-containing fruits or pulp-prone seeds of vegetables, fruits, ornamental trees, ornamental shrubs and other ornamental plants.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has the object of demonstrating process conditions for a separation of plant seeds and fruits as well as a detachment and detachment of the seeds from the pulp for seed extraction.

It has been found that the desired separation of pulp and seeds by a special procedure using cellulolytic and / or pectinolytic enzymes such as cellulases / hemicellulases pectinases and pectate lyase preferably from enzymes from Trichoderma roessi, Trichoderma viride, Gestrichum wondidum, Aspergillus terreus, Gliocladium ssp., Penicillium citrae-viride, Clostridium ssp., Polyangium ssp. and Erwinia ssp. Bac. poymyxa, reach

For the implementation of the procedure according to the invention, depending on the consistency and size of the fruits and susceptibility of the seeds and of the pulp, optionally taking into account a previous crushing of the pulp, the fruits with an aqueous solution containing the respective selected enzymes at temperatures between 30 ⁰ C and 60 ⁰ C, preferably at 35 ⁰ C to 45 ⁰ C, 1 to 8 hours, preferably 4 hours, treated.

For strongly juicy fruits such as tomatoes, a mixture of 1: 0.5 to 1: 3 flesh: aqueous enzyme solution is advantageously used. After liquefaction of the pulp are exposed seeds and pulp z. B. by means of a sieve, such as drum screen ₍ separated and washed the seeds with water to possibly still

to remove existing, small shell portions.

Commercially available cellulase / hemicellulase preparations, pectinase preparations and pectate lyase from bacteria, for example from Erwinia polymyxa or other Erwinia sspez, are used for the purposes of the invention as enzymes. The enzyme concentrations required for the enzymatic digestion of pulp and peel portions depend on the degree of accumulation in the

used enzyme preparation d. H. of enzyme activity and are generally 0.01 to 0.1 percent enzyme solutions for the above purpose. For the process control, it is important that the effect of the enzymes is proportional to the product of enzyme concentration and reaction time

 The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following embodiments.

embodiments example 1

tomato seeds

1 kg of fully ripe tomatoes for semen collection are crushed and mixed with 0.51 enzyme solution with 250 mg cellulase / hemicellulase (Baccilus polymyxa) and 500 mg pectinase from Aspergillus niger or pectate lyase from Erwinia ssp. or 250 mg cellulase, 250 mg pectinase and 250 mg pectate lyase and heated to 46 ^C C. With stirring, the liquefaction of the pulp takes place within 60 to 120 minutes. After sieving the seeds and washing with water, the harvested and completely freed from the pulp seed is usually dried.

In the same way, for example, seeds of Cucurbituceen, Araceen u. a. win.

Example 2

magnolia seeds

Small fruit seeds and fruits with a firm pulp, such as magnolia, are made with the solution of a commercial enzyme (Rohament P) or with an enzyme solution consisting of cellulase / hemicellulase 0.1%, pectinase from Aspergillus niger 0.05% and pectate lyase Erwinia ssp. 0.05% overlaid and placed at 4O ⁰ C to 45 ° C. After 6 to 8 hours, the seeds are passed through a sieve and washed with water.

The seed is dried in the usual way.

Claims (2)

A process for the separation of seeds and pulp for the production of seeds, the ripe fruits of ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees and other ornamental plants and fruits and vegetables under enzyme action, characterized in that untreated or mechanically pretreated seed containing feed material 1 to 8 hours , preferably 4 hours, the action of aqueous solutions of pectinolytic and / or cellulolytic enzymes, preferably of cellulases / hemicellulases pectinases and / or Pektatlyasen at temperatures from 30 ⁰ C to 60 ° C, preferably from 35 ⁰ C to 45 ⁰ C subjected to the seeds separated and these are then washed with aqueous solutions, preferably water, and dried in a conventional manner. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that enzyme mixtures of 0.1 to 1.0% pectinolytic and 0.01 to 1.0% cellulolytic enzymes, preferably 0.05% to 0.1% are used.