DD227029A3 - ENZYME ELECTRODE FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT - Google Patents

ENZYME ELECTRODE FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT Download PDF

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Publication number
DD227029A3
DD227029A3 DD23981582A DD23981582A DD227029A3 DD 227029 A3 DD227029 A3 DD 227029A3 DD 23981582 A DD23981582 A DD 23981582A DD 23981582 A DD23981582 A DD 23981582A DD 227029 A3 DD227029 A3 DD 227029A3
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DD
German Democratic Republic
Prior art keywords
glucose
membrane
enzyme
electrode
blood
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DD23981582A
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German (de)
Inventor
Peter Abel
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Zentralinst F Diabetiker G Kat
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Priority to DD23981582A priority Critical patent/DD227029A3/en
Priority to BG6049083A priority patent/BG42633A1/en
Priority to CS832656A priority patent/CS265683A1/en
Publication of DD227029A3 publication Critical patent/DD227029A3/en

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Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Enzymelektrode als Messwertgeber fuer Glukosemessungen, insbesondere bei hoher Glukosekonzentration. Ziel der Erfindung ist eine miniaturisierte Enzymelektrode zur Bestimmung der Glukosekonzentration ohne vorherige Verduennungsschritte fuer implantierbare Glukosekontrollierte Insulininfusionseinrichtungen. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, den linearen Messbereich der bekannten Enzymelektrode zu erweitern. Dies erfolgt erfindungsgemaess durch die Anwendung der kombinierten hydrophoben/hydrophilen Trennmembran 3; 6 zwischen Probe und Enzymschicht 5 der Sandwich-Membran. Die durch diese Membrangestaltung moegliche Realisierung unterschiedlich grosser Diffusionsflaechen fuer Glukose und Sauerstoff bewirkt, dass die Glukosediffusion in der Weise limitiert wird, dass auch bei maximaler Glukosekonzentration in der Blutprobe immer Sauerstoffueberschuss in der Reaktionsschicht 5 vorhanden ist, so dass die gesamte, in die Reaktionsschicht diffundierte Glukose vollstaendig umgesetzt wird. Anwendungsgebiet ist die kuenstliche B-Zelle sowie Glukosebestimmung in klinischen und klinisch-chemischen Laboratorien. Fig. 1The invention relates to an enzyme electrode as a transmitter for glucose measurements, especially at high glucose concentration. The aim of the invention is a miniaturized enzyme electrode for determining the glucose concentration without prior Verduktionsschritte for implantable glucose-controlled insulin infusion devices. The object of the invention is to expand the linear measuring range of the known enzyme electrode. This is done according to the invention by the use of the combined hydrophobic / hydrophilic separation membrane 3; 6 between sample and enzyme layer 5 of the sandwich membrane. The realization of differently sized diffusion surfaces for glucose and oxygen, which is possible by this membrane design, causes the glucose diffusion to be limited in such a way that oxygen excess is always present in the reaction layer 5 even at maximum glucose concentration in the blood sample, so that the entire diffused into the reaction layer Glucose is completely implemented. Application is the artificial B-cell and glucose determination in clinical and clinical-chemical laboratories. Fig. 1

Description

-3- 39815-3- 39815

Ausführungsbeispielembodiment

Die Erfindung soll anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 näher erläutert werden. Dabei stellen dar: Fig. 1: Enzymelektrode mit großem linarem MeßbereichThe invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the figures: Fig. 1: Enzyme electrode with a large linear measuring range

Fig. 2: Anordnung der Enzymelektrode zur Variation der Grenzen des-linearen Meßbereiches Die Enzymelektrode zur Glukosemessung, insbesondere bei hoher Blutglukosekonzentration, besteht aus der Clark-Elektrode 1 mit der Sandwich-Membrananordnung 2, die aus der hydrophoben Membran 3 und der hydrophilen Membran 4 besteht. Zwischen diesen beiden Membranen 3, 4 ist an einen Träger fixiert das Enzym 5, Glukoseoxidase, zwischengelagert. Die hydrophobe, gaspermeable Membran 3 ist erfindungsgemäß perforiert. Als Material für diese Membran eignet sich Teflon, Polyäthylen u. a. Gegen das unbeabsichtigte Abspülen des in der betriebsfähigen Enzymelektrode unter der perforierten hydrophoben Membran 3 gelagerten Enzyms 5, z. B. Glukoseoxidase, ist die Perforation enzymseitig mittels der flächenmäßig sehr kleinen hydrophilen Membran 6, z. B. Zelluloseazetat, die als Dialysiermembran dient, verschlossen. Gleichzeitig verhindert die hydrophile Membran 6 das Eindringen von störenden Substanzen aus der Blutprobe durch die Perforation in die Reaktionsschicht, das Enzym 5, und garantiert somit die unerläßliche Schutzfunktion für das Enzym. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination von hydrophober und hydrophiler Membran 3, 6 ist das Verhältnis der Flächen für die Sauerstoff- und Glukosediffusion aus der Blutprobe definiert einstellbar. Es wird erreicht, daß die Glukosediffusion bei ungehinderter Sauerstoffdiffusion erfindungsgemäß in dem Maße limitiert wird, wie es zur Realisierung eines stets vollkommenen Glukoseumsatzes in der Reaktionsschicht, der Enzymschicht 5, des Glukosesensors erforderlich ist.Fig. 2: Arrangement of the enzyme electrode for varying the limits of the linear measuring range The enzyme electrode for glucose measurement, in particular at high blood glucose concentration, consists of the Clark electrode 1 with the sandwich membrane assembly 2, which consists of the hydrophobic membrane 3 and the hydrophilic membrane 4th consists. Between these two membranes 3, 4 is fixed to a carrier, the enzyme 5, glucose oxidase, stored. The hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane 3 is perforated according to the invention. As a material for this membrane is Teflon, polyethylene u. a. Against the unintentional rinsing of the stored in the operable enzyme electrode under the perforated hydrophobic membrane 3 enzyme 5, z. As glucose oxidase, the perforation is on the enzyme side by means of the area very small hydrophilic membrane 6, z. B. cellulose acetate, which serves as a dialysis membrane, sealed. At the same time, the hydrophilic membrane 6 prevents the penetration of interfering substances from the blood sample through the perforation in the reaction layer, the enzyme 5, and thus guarantees the indispensable protective function for the enzyme. As a result of the combination according to the invention of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane 3, 6, the ratio of the areas for the oxygen and glucose diffusion from the blood sample can be set in a defined manner. It is achieved that the glucose diffusion is inhibited with unhindered oxygen diffusion according to the invention to the extent that is required to realize an always perfect glucose turnover in the reaction layer, the enzyme layer 5, the glucose sensor.

Weiterhin läßt sich die Grenze des linearen Meßbereiches durch definierte Veränderung der geometrischen Zuordnung des Glukosediffusionskanals zur unter der Sandwich-Membran 2 und im Elektrolyt KCL 7 angeordneten Elektrodensystem gemäß Fig. 2 zuverlässig variieren. Dieser Effekt wird dadurch hervorgerufen, daß bei entsprechender exzentrischer Anordnung des Glukosediffusionskanales zum Elektrodensystem ein Teil der ohnehin schon in der Diffusion durch Membran 6 limitierten Glukose seitlich neben der Arbeitselektrode, der Anode der Enzymelektrode, in der Enzymschicht 5 umgesetzt wird und das dabei entstehende H2O2 umgehend zerfällt, ohne vorher einen Beitrag zum Sensorsignal zu liefern.Furthermore, the limit of the linear measuring range can be reliably varied by a defined change in the geometric assignment of the glucose diffusion channel to the electrode system according to FIG. 2 arranged below the sandwich membrane 2 and in the electrolyte KCL 7. This effect is caused by the fact that, with a corresponding eccentric arrangement of the glucose diffusion channel to the electrode system, a part of the already limited in the diffusion by membrane 6 glucose laterally adjacent to the working electrode, the anode of the enzyme electrode, is reacted in the enzyme layer 5 and the resulting H 2 O 2 immediately decays without first providing a contribution to the sensor signal.

Claims (2)

-2- 39815-2- 39815 Erfindungsansprüche:Invention claims: 1. Enzymelektrode zur Glukosemessung, insbesondere bei hoher Glukosekonzentration, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß zur Erweiterung ihres linearen Meßbereiches zentrisch über den Elektrodenanschlüssen in die hydrophobe Membran (3) der Sandwich-Membran (2) mit eingebettetem Enzym (5) eine Perforation, deren Größe die Steilheit der Eichkurve der Enzymelektrode variabel gestaltet, angeordnet ist und die Perforation der hydrophoben Membran (3) durch eine zusätzliche hydrophile Membran (6) verschlossen ist.1. enzyme electrode for glucose measurement, in particular at high glucose concentration, characterized in that the extension of its linear measuring range centrally over the electrode terminals in the hydrophobic membrane (3) of the sandwich membrane (2) with embedded enzyme (5) has a perforation whose size Slope of the calibration curve of the enzyme electrode is variable, arranged and the perforation of the hydrophobic membrane (3) by an additional hydrophilic membrane (6) is closed. 2. Enzymelektrode nach Punkt 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß zur Variation der Grenzen ihres linearen Meßbereiches die Perforation in der hydrophoben Membran der Sandwich-Membran exzentrisch über den Elektrodenanschlüssen anzuordnen ist.2. Enzyme electrode according to item 1, characterized in that to vary the limits of its linear measuring range, the perforation in the hydrophobic membrane of the sandwich membrane is eccentric to be arranged above the electrode terminals. Hierzu 1 Seite ZeichnungenFor this 1 page drawings Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention Die Erfindung betrifft eine Enzymelektrode zur Glukosemessung, insbesondere bei hoher Glukosekonzentration, und ist besonders geeignet als Glukosesensor bei implantierbaren künstlichen Beta-Zellen, deren Aufgabe es ist, bei Diabetikern stetig die Glukosekonzentration im Blut zu kontrollieren und mittels eines elektronischen Regelungssystems automatisch die bedarfsgerechte Insulinmenge zur Verhütung von diabetischen Komplikationen, wie z. B. Hypo- und Hyperglykämien, zu injizieren. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete sind glukosekontrollierte Therapiemaßnahmen, alle Situationen der kontinuierlichen oder quasikontinuierlichen Blutglukoseüberwachung und Glukosebestimmungsmethoden in klinischen und klinisch-chemischen Laboratorien.The invention relates to an enzyme electrode for glucose measurement, in particular at high glucose concentration, and is particularly suitable as a glucose sensor implantable artificial beta cells, whose task is to constantly control the glucose concentration in the blood in diabetics and automatically by means of an electronic control system the need-insulin quantity Prevention of diabetic complications, such as: As hypo- and hyperglycaemic injections. Further indications are glucose-controlled therapeutic measures, all situations of continuous or quasi-continuous blood glucose monitoring and glucose determination methods in clinical and clinical-chemical laboratories. Charakteristik der bekannten technischen LösungenCharacteristic of the known technical solutions Eine Enzymelektrode zur Bestimmung von Glukose mit einem elektrochemischen Sensor, der zusammen mit einer semipermeablen Membran einen Bereich begrenzt, in dem der Akzeptor in teilweise ungelöster Form und das Enzym vorliegt, ist in der Patentschrift DE-AS 2243962 beschrieben worden.An enzyme electrode for the determination of glucose with an electrochemical sensor which, together with a semipermeable membrane, delimits a region in which the acceptor is present in partially undissolved form and the enzyme has been described in the patent DE-AS 2243962. Durch K. !to, K. Ohta et al., Comparative studies of glucose sensors between enzyme membrane and electrochemical aspects, in Artifical Organs, Vol. 2, 1978, S. 244-246 und K. ltoh, K. Ohta, T. Kondo et al.. Glucose sensors for the implantable artifical Beta-cell, in Proceedings of the International Conference in Cybernetic and Assiety, 1978, Vol. 1, S. 145-148 ist weiterhin der Aufbau von Enzymelektroden als Glukosesensoren bekannt geworden, die so gestaltet sind, daß der eigentlichen Clark-Elektrode eine sogenannte Sandwich-Membran, bestehend aus einer hydrophilen, glukosepermeablen und einer hydrophoben, gaspermeablen Membran oder einer weiteren hydrophilen, H2O2-permeablen Membran mit zwischengelagertem, an einen Träger fixierten Enzym GOD, vorgelagert ist. Durch die hydrophile Membran, die die Enzymschicht von der Blutprobe trennt, diffundieren Glukose und Sauerstoff und zwar in dem Maße, daß die in die Reaktionsschicht GOD gelangende Glukose nicht in jedem Fall vollständig umgesetzt werden kann.By K.! To, K. Ohta et al., Comparative studies of glucose sensors between enzyme membrane and electrochemical aspects, in Artifical Organs, Vol. 2, 1978, pp. 244-246 and K. ltoh, K. Ohta, T Kondo et al., Glucose sensors for the implantable artifical Beta-cell, in Proceedings of the International Conference Cybernetic and Assiety, 1978, Vol. 1, pp. 145-148, the construction of enzyme electrodes has also become known as glucose sensors are designed so that the actual Clark electrode a so-called sandwich membrane consisting of a hydrophilic, glucose-permeable and a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane or another hydrophilic, H 2 O 2 -permeable membrane with intermediately stored, fixed to a carrier enzyme GOD, is upstream. Due to the hydrophilic membrane separating the enzyme layer from the blood sample, glucose and oxygen diffuse to the extent that the glucose entering the reaction layer GOD can not be fully reacted in any case. Der Nachteil dieser bekannten Enzymelektroden besteht in der nicht eindeutigen Zuordnung der Glukosekonzentration zum Sensorsignal bei Überschreitung der Grenzen des linearen Meßbereiches aufgrund des relativen Sauerstoffmangels. Da diese Enzymelektroden ausschließlich im verdünnten Vollblut arbeiten können, ist ihr Einsatz auf bettseitige Blutglukosemeßplätze bzw. Laboranordnungen beschränkt und somit nur teilweise in extrakorporalen Beta-Zellen verwendbar. Der enge begrenzte lineare Meßbereich beinhaltet zwangsläufig, daß zur Gewinnung des verdünnten Vollblutes dem Probanden kontinuierlich bzw. quasikontinuierlich Blut entnommen, für die Glukosemessung aufbereitet und nach der Messung verworfen werden muß. Weiterhin ist die Verdünnung der Blutprobe mit einem beträchtlichen apparativen Aufwand verbunden.The disadvantage of these known enzyme electrodes consists in the ambiguous allocation of the glucose concentration to the sensor signal when exceeding the limits of the linear measuring range due to the relative lack of oxygen. Since these enzyme electrodes can work exclusively in the diluted whole blood, their use is limited to bedside blood glucose meters or laboratory arrangements and thus only partially usable in extracorporeal beta cells. The narrow limited linear range inevitably includes that for the production of the diluted whole blood the subject continuously or quasi-continuously blood taken, processed for the glucose measurement and discarded after the measurement. Furthermore, the dilution of the blood sample is associated with a considerable expenditure on equipment. Ziel der ErfindungObject of the invention Das Ziel der Erfindung ist eine Enzymelektrode für Glukosemessungen, die geeignet ist, auch bei hoher Glukosekonzentration und in miniaturisierter Ausführung mit optimaler Zuverlässigkeit zu arbeiten und somit den Anforderungen an eine implantierbare Glukosemeßeinrichtung zu genügen.The object of the invention is an enzyme electrode for glucose measurements, which is suitable for working with optimal reliability, even at high glucose concentration and in miniaturized form, and thus satisfies the requirements of an implantable glucose measuring device. Darlegung des Wesens der ErfindungExplanation of the essence of the invention Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, den linearen Meßbereich der Enzymelektrode hinsichtlich des Verhältnisses zwischen Sensorstrom und Glukosekonzentration in dem Maße zu erweitern, daß beliebige im Individuum auftretende Blutglukosekonzentrationen ohne vorherige Verdünnung des Blutes kontinuierlich gemessen werden können. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß bei der Enzymelektrode anstelle der bekannten hydrophilen Trennmembran zwischen Reaktionsschicht der Sandwich-Membran und Blutprobe des Individuums eine gasdurchlässige, hydrophobe Membran angeordnet wird, die in definiertem Maße perforiert ist. Die Perforation der Membran wird zur Verhinderung des Abspülens des unter der hydrophoben Membran befindlichen trägerfixierten Enzyms mit einer zusätzlichen hydrophilen Membran verschlossen. Mit der Größe der Perforation kann die Steilheit der Eichkurve der Enzymelektrode geändert werden. Zur Variation der Grenzen des linearen Meßbereiches des Sensorstroms in Abhängigkeit von der Blutglukosekonzentration wird erfindungsgemäß die Perforation in der hydrophoben Membran der Sandwich-Membran exzentrisch über dem Elektrodensystem des Enzymsensors angeordnet.The invention is thus based on the object to extend the linear measuring range of the enzyme electrode with respect to the ratio between the sensor current and glucose concentration to the extent that any occurring in the individual blood glucose concentrations can be continuously measured without prior dilution of the blood. According to the invention the object is achieved in that the enzyme electrode instead of the known hydrophilic separation membrane between the reaction layer of the sandwich membrane and blood sample of the individual, a gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane is arranged, which is perforated to a defined extent. The membrane perforation is sealed with an additional hydrophilic membrane to prevent rinsing of the enzyme immobilized under the hydrophobic membrane. With the size of the perforation, the steepness of the calibration curve of the enzyme electrode can be changed. In order to vary the limits of the linear measuring range of the sensor current as a function of the blood glucose concentration, according to the invention, the perforation in the hydrophobic membrane of the sandwich membrane is arranged eccentrically over the electrode system of the enzyme sensor.
DD23981582A 1982-05-13 1982-05-13 ENZYME ELECTRODE FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT DD227029A3 (en)

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DD23981582A DD227029A3 (en) 1982-05-13 1982-05-13 ENZYME ELECTRODE FOR GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT
BG6049083A BG42633A1 (en) 1982-05-13 1983-04-08 Enzymic electrode for measuring glucose content
CS832656A CS265683A1 (en) 1982-05-13 1983-04-13 Enzymova elektroda k mereni glukozy

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0327018A3 (en) * 1988-02-05 1990-04-11 Nova Biomedical Corporation Enzyme electrode
DE4104776A1 (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-03-05 Inst Molekularbiologie Ak Sandwich enzyme membrane for enzyme or opto electrodes - consists of of an enzyme layer coated with membrane of inhomogeneous permeability for substrate
US5183550A (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-02-02 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Measuring cell for electrochemically detecting a gas
US5352348A (en) * 1987-04-09 1994-10-04 Nova Biomedical Corporation Method of using enzyme electrode
EP0778897A4 (en) * 1994-09-01 2000-03-22 Adam Heller Subcutaneous glucose electrode
DE4221848C2 (en) * 1992-07-03 2001-04-12 Eckhard Salzsieder Method and arrangement for automatic in situ calibration of intracorporeal glucose measuring devices
US6484046B1 (en) 1998-03-04 2002-11-19 Therasense, Inc. Electrochemical analyte sensor
US6576101B1 (en) 1997-02-06 2003-06-10 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US6591125B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2003-07-08 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US6592745B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2003-07-15 Therasense, Inc. Method of using a small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US6975893B2 (en) 1999-06-18 2005-12-13 Therasense, Inc. Mass transport limited in vivo analyte sensor
US7861397B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2011-01-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method of making an electrochemical sensor
US8175673B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2012-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8668645B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2014-03-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8688188B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-04-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9625413B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US9669162B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
US9668684B2 (en) 2009-02-26 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Self-powered analyte sensor
US9743863B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for powering an electronic device
US9801545B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rolling data in communication systems
US9962091B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US9980670B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US10231654B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-03-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
DE102017126732A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-16 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Sensor diaphragm, sensor, a measuring device comprising the sensor and use of the sensor

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DE10009467A1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2001-09-20 Bcs Bio Und Chemosensoren Gmbh Enzymatic electrochemical measuring device, for determining glucose in urine, comprises a sensor based on a pair of Clark electrodes, where only one contains an enzyme

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5352348A (en) * 1987-04-09 1994-10-04 Nova Biomedical Corporation Method of using enzyme electrode
EP0327018A3 (en) * 1988-02-05 1990-04-11 Nova Biomedical Corporation Enzyme electrode
US5183550A (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-02-02 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Measuring cell for electrochemically detecting a gas
DE4104776A1 (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-03-05 Inst Molekularbiologie Ak Sandwich enzyme membrane for enzyme or opto electrodes - consists of of an enzyme layer coated with membrane of inhomogeneous permeability for substrate
US6514718B2 (en) 1991-03-04 2003-02-04 Therasense, Inc. Subcutaneous glucose electrode
DE4221848C2 (en) * 1992-07-03 2001-04-12 Eckhard Salzsieder Method and arrangement for automatic in situ calibration of intracorporeal glucose measuring devices
EP0778897A4 (en) * 1994-09-01 2000-03-22 Adam Heller Subcutaneous glucose electrode
US7988845B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2011-08-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Integrated lancing and measurement device and analyte measuring methods
US8118992B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2012-02-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US6576101B1 (en) 1997-02-06 2003-06-10 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US8105476B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2012-01-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Integrated lancing and measurement device
US7861397B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2011-01-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method of making an electrochemical sensor
US6484046B1 (en) 1998-03-04 2002-11-19 Therasense, Inc. Electrochemical analyte sensor
US8666469B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-03-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8688188B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-04-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8391945B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2013-03-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8175673B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2012-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8641619B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-02-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8226555B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2012-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8235896B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2012-08-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8372005B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2013-02-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US6592745B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2003-07-15 Therasense, Inc. Method of using a small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US9891185B2 (en) 1998-10-08 2018-02-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US8226815B2 (en) 1998-10-08 2012-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro sensor and methods of making
US8701282B2 (en) 1998-10-08 2014-04-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method for manufacturing a biosensor
US6975893B2 (en) 1999-06-18 2005-12-13 Therasense, Inc. Mass transport limited in vivo analyte sensor
US6591125B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2003-07-08 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US9662057B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2017-05-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Integrated sample acquisition and analyte measurement method
US8668645B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2014-03-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9610034B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2017-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9980670B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US9962091B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US10201301B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-02-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US10231654B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-03-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11272867B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2022-03-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9669162B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
US9743863B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for powering an electronic device
US9625413B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US9801545B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rolling data in communication systems
US9668684B2 (en) 2009-02-26 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Self-powered analyte sensor
DE102017126732A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-16 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Sensor diaphragm, sensor, a measuring device comprising the sensor and use of the sensor

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BG42633A1 (en) 1988-01-15
CS265683A1 (en) 1985-06-13

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