DD159363A1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING DISTANCES AND FOR DETERMINING COORDINATES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for determining distances and for determining coordinates in geodetic measurements with a rangefinder and a visor. The rangefinder is preferably designed as a light rangefinder. In order to obtain a light and small, if necessary, hand-held device for distance measurements in the range up to 200 m, d. Rangefinder a beam with a beam of more than 20 mrad at a measuring cycle of less than 1 sec. To support in the vertical can be fastened to the device adjustable in its length Staender.

Description

- U * J U ^J H

-S

Device for determining distances and for determining coordinates

The invention relates to a device for the determination of distances and the placarding of coordinates, which is applicable to geodetic measurements, mainly of distances below 200 m and which can be held during the measurement in the hand.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions:

Devices for distance measurement and for the determination of coordinates have already been known for some time. However, these devices are very complicated, being devices of great accuracy, but of great dimensions and weight, with distances of a few kilometers.

be true and their accuracy in the relationship

-5

If the measured distance is 10, the large devices can be used to measure long distances and increase the number of feet in measurements. For this purpose, the following measures must be carried out for each unknown point:

a) the erection of the tripod (tripod) at the starting point of the measurement, in the following position called;

b) placing the theodolites on the tripod;

c) placing the rangefinder on the theodolites if it does not form a unit with the rangefinder;

d) approximate centering of the device;

e) alignment of the axis of rotation of the theodolite on the vertical, the centering and adjustment of the axis in the vertical must be carried out by repeated running approach by means of dragonflies and other optical means;

f) location determination (direction measurement by means of theodolite with respect to one or more known points);

g) Vyae-fair measurement with respect to the unknown point; h) height measurement with respect to the unknown point;

i) distance measurement with respect to the unknown point; j) Calculation of the coordinates of the unknown point.

To carry out the above measurements, a tripod, a theodolite j, a rangefinder, and a yardstick or the like with a fixed reflector are required.

Accordingly, the suitable for the above task devices for distance measurement and coordinate detection with all the units mentioned and usually still provided with numerous other accessories The weight of the assembled device is ready to measure about 10 to 25 kg, Yfobei also its dimensions quite large "Therefore, such measurements can only be done by motor vehicle" The cost of such measuring instruments are therefore very high.

It can be seen that the use of such devices is only appropriate if a large number of unknown points are to be determined from one point of view or if very large distances (200 to 6000 m) are to be determined with great accuracy (a few mm).

In 80 % of all geodetic measurements, however, the distances are less than 200 m, eg map changes and additions or municipal surveys. In such tasks, only a few measurements are to be made from one point of view, but it is often necessary to change position. "This is a difficult task to solve with the rangefinders described above, because setting up at a point of view is a very complicated and time consuming process claiming work «. Within a certain period of time then only a few measurements can be carried out. Often the advantages and possibilities of complicated and extraordinarily genius instruments can not even be fully exploited.

Since so far no handy device for distance measurements was available and the known devices for unsuitable

net were (as just stated), the measurement of shorter distances was previously mostly by means of a tape measure according to the so-called "orthogonal method,

This survey is carried out as follows:

a) between two points with known coordinates must

in the horizontal one can be made with a tape measure measurable free fully overlooked track;

b) known and unknown points shall be marked with a dipstick or the like;

c) 3 at the base line between the two known points, the base point of the line passing through the unknown point perpendicular to the baseline is to be determined by means of a prismatic cross;

d). at the baseline, measure the distance between the known point and the detected base;

e) between the foot point and the unknown point, the distance must be determined, which must also be ensured as under point a) a free survey track;

£) Calculation of the coordinates of the unknown point.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the basic condition for performing the measurement is between two known positions and between the foot of the perpendicular and the point to be measured a free path for the tape measure with existing -Einsichtmöglichkeit to ensure _e In practice, However, such measurements below 200 m are mostly required in inhabited areas, in cities, industrial plants, etc.

"This means that the traffic must be conducted away from the area to be surveyed." In addition, in order to carry out the measurements, ie at the feet and measuring points, at the two ends of the tape measure, the measuring device, etc., a great amount of personnel is required. "

As can be seen from the above statements, in most of the short-range surveying work, these can be carried out according to the known state of the art only with great effort »>

The aim of the invention is to remedy the deficiency of the state of the art ".

The invention is based on the object to provide a handy device for geodetic distance measurements and coordinate determinations that can be held in the hand during geodetic measurements below -200 m, constructed of only a few components and therefore flexible applicable, easy to move and small.

The invention is based on the finding that a much simpler and smaller Distanzungsinesser can be constructed, which is fully sufficient in conjunction with a sighting device to solve the task when this emits a less focused beam and the measuring cycle is kept shorter than before.

The invention thus relates to a hand-held rangefinder. According to the invention, the arrangement is such that the rangefinder forms a beam with a cone angle of more than 20 mrad at a measuring point.

Cycle of less than 1 s emits., For supporting in the vertical, a length adjustable in his stand can be attached to the device _e Due to its smallness, the measuring device according to the invention can also be held freely in the hand during the measurement. As explained later, these technical measures, despite their relative simplicity, completely ensure the simultaneous fulfillment of all the above requirements, indeed they even entail the unexpected technical implications that the device according to the invention, with appropriate design, can also be used to determine the coordinates according to the Method of so-called "sheet reverse cutting" and "arc incision" according to the orthogonal or polar method is suitable.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention, a prismatic cross is attached to the rangefinder. The meter can also be equipped with a theodolite.

An embodiment variant in which the rangefinder is connected to a computer is advantageous, wherein the computer can also be equipped with a memory register.

The rangefinder according to the invention can be designed as a light range finder or as a microwave range finder.

EXAMPLES

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show:

Pig. 1: a side view of the device according to the invention in the measuring position,

- 7 - 4L «J UJ» U

Pig * 2: a plan view of the measuring device according to Fig. 1,

Pig. 3: the measuring method of the "sheet reverse cutting" in a schematic plan view,

4 shows the orthogonal measuring method in schematic top view $

Fig. 5: the polar measuring method in a schematic plan view.

As a first example, a .Ausführungsform is described, which enables the solution of the task in the simplest way (3 ig _c 1), Here is a rangefinder 1 in Porm of a hand-held device shown, in which the distance determination and the coordinate detection was carried out by means of a light beam The visor unit connected thereto is designed as a rear sight 2. At the rangefinder 1, a stand 3 is attached. The stand 3 is formed as a simple stick

The operation of the light-measuring blade 1 is known per se: the emitted infrared light is reflected by a reflector 5 arranged on a rod 4 or the like located at the unknown point. A distance proportional digital indication is obtained by measuring the transit time of the infrared rays. In this case, the light distance meter 1 has several special features that allow the device to be held in the hand and used in the measurement of short distances.

In contrast to earlier versions, only a single measurement frequency is sufficient here, which ensures sufficient accuracy for measurements below 200 m. This results in a significant reduction of the circuitry

Expenditure and also the possibility of using commercially available electronic components.

As already stated, the measuring cycle must be shorter than 1 lake, so that no "blurring" can cause any major inaccuracies. Furthermore, the beam extending the rangefinder 1 may have a cone angle of more than 20 mrad. This ensures that the reflector 5 is "hit" without mounting on a conventional tripod or the like, because at a measuring distance of 200 m, a surface with a width of 4 m is illuminated by the beam (Pig * 2). In this area, the reflector 5 must be located. In addition there is the advantage that a strong or accurate focus adjustment of the beam is not necessary, which costly and complicated electronic and optical parts can be omitted. Suffice it to broadcast a light signal of a few 100 / UW. The necessary accuracy

'-5

The difference in intensity between the light beams reflected from 1 m and from a distance of 200 m is 70 dB, so that it can be electronically compensated for Distance meter 1 constructed with low power consumption LSI circuits has a volume of approximately 1 dHr and a weight of less than 0.6 kg. The arranged in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light distance meter 1 plane diopter 2 is used for rapid adjustment of the reflector 5 (Fig. 1). As a reflector, a light-reflecting sheet disposed on the rod 4 is sufficient.

The height-adjustable stand 3 has a double task. It ensures as simple as possible, largely "shake-free" holding and also the centering of the distance meter 1, the diopter 2 and the Steckendend-

point * In the case of an expedient design, it is detachably attached to the distance gauge. »For the purpose of checking its vertical position, it has a rifle level. By means of the thus designed hand-held measuring device for distance measurement and for coordinate division, the measurement is carried out as follows:

Depending on the distance to be measured and the desired accuracy is to choose ₅ about whether the stand 3 is necessary or not "If yes" is the distance meter 1 to be connected to the stator 3, after which the hand-held device for the measurement is ready (3 thirty _e 1): Then, with the hand-held device, one adjusts to the one end point of the route to be measured, whereupon the reflector erected at the other end point of the route to be measured is notified by means of the diopter 2. Then the measuring circuit is triggered, whereby the measured distance is displayed on the display of the device «,

Even with this simplest embodiment of the device according to the invention is a coordinate determination possible (Pig «3)? namely by means of the most rarely used in geodesy measuring method of "sheet reverse cutting". In this case, the device according to the invention is set up at point "A" with unknown coordinates, and the unknown distance t is determined. of the point B with known coordinates and the unknown distance. 'tp of the point C with known coordinates. The surveying process thus runs as follows:

a) at the points B and C in each case a reflector 5 is placed on;

- 10

b) the device is placed at the unknown point A;

c) the distances t .. and % 2 are measured;

The results obtained can be used to calculate the unknown coordinates of the point A,

It can be seen that the coordinate determination is extremely simplified. There is no need to make a directional measurement} nor to measure a right angle. In addition, all the delusions concerning the devices of the prior art are eliminated.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention differs from the first form in that it still has a double prism on it. By means of this double prism, additional orthogonal measurements (3 ig _e 4) can be carried out with the device. The plotting of the coordinates of the unknown point A is carried out according to the orthogonal method as follows:

a) At the unknown point A and at the known points B and C, a reflector 5 is set up in each case;

b) the point D is determined by means of the double prism and the measuring device is placed there;

c) the distance t. e.g. measured from point B at the baseline;

d) the distance tp between points D and A is measured.

Based on the sizes of t. and tr, the coordinates of point A are calculable. "A change in the method from that described above is only

Turn of the double prism, avoiding the installation of the device at the often inaccessible unknown point A «,

In a further embodiment, the light-distance meter 1 is attached to a theodolite, whereby polar measurements can also be carried out (FIG. 5).

The polar measurement is carried out as follows:

a) At the unknown point A, a reflector 5 is placed;

b) at the known point C is a yardstick or the like. Arranged;

c) the meter is placed centered at the known point B;

d) determining the size of the angle oC between the distances CB and BA;

e) the distance to the point A is measured.

From d.en values of ei and t, the coordinates of the unknown point can be observed.

For further simplification of the measuring process, other accessories can be connected to one of the embodiments described above. This includes, for example, a computer which, during the measurement, carries out the necessary arithmetic operations in accordance with a corresponding program. In this case, the desired coordinates appear on the display almost simultaneously with the triggering of the measuring device.

A big advantage of the light rangefinder 1 is that due to its applicability even in the lower

Geodesy (with short removals) also there the possibility for the automation is created. From its output one can indeed derive signals that are suitable for digital processing. This simplifies the measurements / the calculations do not cause any difficulties, that is, "all the advantages of EDP can be exploited. For example, using a memory register often eliminates the need for logging, which is also a relief since it is several hundreds of numbers of 2x8 digits from case to case.

Claims (4)

1. A device for determining distances and placarding coordinates in geodetic measurements with a range finder and a visor, characterized in that the rangefinder (1) emits a beam with a cone angle of more than 20 mrad at a measuring cycle of less than 1 s, wherein for support in the vertical, a length-adjustable stand (3) is attachable to the rangefinder « 2ο Apparatus according to item 1, characterized in that a prismatic cross is arranged on the rangefinder (1) « Device according to item 1, characterized in that the rangefinder (1) is arranged on a theodolite 4. Device according to one of the items 1 to 3 »characterized in that the rangefinder (1) is connected to a computer« 5. Device according to item 4, characterized in that the computer is connected to a memory register. 6. Device according to one of the items 1 to 5, characterized in that the distance meter (1) is designed as a light range meter » 7 «Device according to any one of items 1 to 6, characterized in that the rangefinder (1) is designed as a microwave« rangefinder » For this 2 pages drawings - 14 -