EP0841535A2 - Method and apparatus for surveying areas and rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

Measuring method uses a laser beam directed from a central point within a room onto all the spaces or surface edge points, with evaluation of the range and angle of the reflected laser radiation, for providing 3-dimensional values representing the measured spaces or surfaces. A laser ranging device (3) with a laser transmitter and a laser receiver may be mounted on a tripod support (1) via a rotation and tipping device (6), the data provided by the ranging device fed via an electronic evaluation device (2) to a computer (4) for generating a 3- dimensional display.

Description

The invention relates to a method and Device for area and space measurement and is applicable especially for the fulfillment of Surveying tasks for building management.

With the introduction of computer-aided building management systems, the need for updated parameters about the area and volume of rooms, the number and size of windows and doors, the extension of the corridors and others is increasing. Since the original construction plans are generally no longer up to date due to changes in the construction, the rooms and buildings have to be re-measured in the order of magnitude. In addition to the classic measuring technology with a ruler and meter, contactless laser rangefinders with a computer connection have recently been used, which allow the distance of the walls of a room to be determined up to about 30 meters with sufficient accuracy. The measured values can then be entered in an on-board computer in which a drawing of the room is available by means of CAD. With this device system, the distance between the walls and the room height can be measured relatively easily. The disadvantage of this solution is the relatively high price. Large-area objects such as windows and doors or wall openings cannot be determined with this method without additional aids. However, if tools such as reflex marks or measuring staffs are used, a second employee is also required, which further increases the cost of the measuring method. The representation of the measurement result as a true-to-scale CAD drawing has some disadvantages, in contrast to the previous measurement practice, in which an out-of-scale hand-drawn sketch was made. As a rule, the measurement results can only be seen zoomed in, but the connection of the drawing is lost due to the limited image field of the computer. Only in a sketch that is not to scale can both the numbers and the measurement context be matched on a relatively small screen of a computer provided.
In another known measuring complex, the distance measuring laser is installed on a digital tachymeter and measures parallel to the optics of the theodolite. Compared to simple solutions, this system has the particular advantage that it can be set up in the middle of the room and can measure from one point all measuring points in the room that can be seen in a direct view. The error caused by the parallel displacement of the laser measuring beam to the optical axis can be neglected by a skilled person with skillful measuring technology. The CAD drawings of the premises can be measured using the connected computer and the corresponding software. However, the price of this measuring complex is also relatively high.

The invention is therefore based on the object Method and device for surface and To create space measurement, the method being a accurate and reproducible recording as well Further processing of the room or surface corner points allowed and the device simple and inexpensive producible and easy to use and maintain.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claims 1 and 8 in conjunction with the features in the respective preamble.
Appropriate embodiments of the invention are contained in the subclaims.

A particular advantage of the invention lies in the novel combination of tachymeter function, laser distance measuring principle and computational data processing, wherein from a central point in the room to be measured, all the room and / or surface corner points to be recorded are sighted and acted upon with a laser beam, from the respectively reflected laser beam The 3D values for the distance and the angles are determined and a true-to-scale drawing is created.
Another advantage for improving clarity results from the fact that a non-scale sketch is created in advance with the spatial and / or surface corner points to be recorded and the spatial and / or surface corner points after the measurement with the laser beam and the determination and storage of the associated 3D Values get a different color code. Sighting can be done directly with the human eye or indirectly via a telescopic sight.

An inexpensive manufacture of the device and a simple one-man operation is guaranteed that on a tripod the laser rangefinder, consisting of laser transmitter and laser receiver with one Angle measuring device, an electronic Evaluation unit with interface and a Rifle scope is arranged.

A non-contact laser rangefinder will take place the measuring optics installed in a tachymeter. The laser is like the optics swivel and its location regarding The tachymeter issue gives the right and high value specified. The laser rangefinder sets the measured distance at an interface to the Available.

Because the laser rangefinder for the human eye represents a continuous wave laser, the measuring point can the opposite wall or the one to be measured Object can be tracked with the eye. For bigger ones Distances where a laser spot with a 5 mm diameter can no longer be seen with the naked eye, helps mounted in parallel on the rangefinder Riflescope, the exact location of the laser measuring point too determine.

The operator is able to use all room points Help to spot the laser spot and after triggered Measurement of the 3D values for each point in space automatically to be able to calculate. The site of the The measuring device must be chosen so that if possible, all corner points from the point of view of the system can be viewed. In the connected control computer can be simplified with the help of special software Draw a room sketch in which the respective Measured values the corner points of the sketch, converted to Absolute sizes can be assigned. In one run can be easily and immediately Original dimensions of the respective room parameters determine. Usually enough for windows and doors two measuring points, for example top left and right below, so that their area can be determined immediately can. Via a database prepared on the computer can measure all measured objects and edges in space be attributed. Prepared window and Door shapes as well as interior or exterior walls can be through prepared files in the respective database Can be assigned to sketch objects.

During the first stage a simple hand sketch is made of the space to be measured, which for Control of the respective measurement process can be done in the second stage after all 3D measurements are available Scale drawing in the computer automatically be designed. This can then be done in a simple manner determine whether any measurement errors are available, which can then be corrected on site.

In the third phase, the sketch or Drawing into a professional CAD system handed over and here to scale drawings to generate. It can be for the respective descriptions in the database appropriate symbols are generated so that in the then the resulting drawing will not only be the scales and Distances are correct, but also elements such as doors, Windows, exterior and interior walls in the right one graphical representation from measuring point to measuring point to be shown.

Due to the extremely simple structure of the measuring device and the use of commercially available notebooks as The overall solution becomes a companion computer inexpensive. The rationalization effect of planned surveying complex grows out of the Merging the advantages of previously used Partial and individual solutions. The handling of the Surveying system is so simple that trained skilled workers are able to carry out the measurement.

Fig. 1

Eine schematische Darstellung der Flächen- und Raumvermessungsvorrichtung.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

A schematic representation of the area and space measurement device.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, on a stand 1 a tilting and rotating device 6 for optical measuring devices attached, in which the laser rangefinder 3 with the Telescope 5 is installed so that it can be turned and Tilt all visible points around it can target. The tilting and rotating device 6 is like this designed so that it can be tilted and turned Measure generated angles and to their integrated Computing unit 2 can pass. This passes over an interface the data to the as Field calculator / notebook or penbook trained Computer 4, which is set up for evaluation.

With the solution according to the invention Measuring a room in front of you so that the device is on a place in the room is placed from where possible all points of interest can be viewed directly.

The first step is to determine a reference wall, usually the outer wall of a building on which by measuring two horizontal points the coordinate system is determined for the room measurement. The measurement of a The spatial point is made by aligning the laser of the Laser rangefinder 3, the laser measuring beam as Continuous wave laser can be viewed and visible is to the point to be measured. The accuracy of the Alignment can be made at greater distances using the Telescope installed parallel to the laser 5 to be controlled. Is the measuring spot of the laser on? the correct geometric point of the one to be measured Object (window, door, projection, corner) by triggering the distance measurement both the Distance as well as the angular position, based on the previous alignment of the system, determined cached and via an interface to the Hand over computer 4 for evaluation. On the computer 4 is an out of scale sketch of the Space was generated in a simple manner. Will preferably uses a pen computer, the Room sketch using the stylus directly on the display be outlined. The spatial point to be measured opens marked this sketch. After the measurement via the device the data are transferred to the computer 4 and the marked space point is by changing the color characterized in that the memory Coordinates for this point are stored. According to the measurement plan or the sketch on the The display of the computer 4 will be the same in the same way Marked points to be measured and by the device measured. If all room points to be measured are measured, i.e. they all have the survey color, is for the Operator can immediately see which points were forgotten. In the sketch, too measuring points can be inserted subsequently, e.g. Windows or doors or other objects of interest such as sockets, lines, radiators, etc. At the Surveying it is possible to spot the objects like e.g. Exterior wall, interior wall, load-bearing interior wall, window and doors via one provided in the computer Symbol library to attribute and standard sizes too take into account With the help of these attributes in the sketch or later when handing it over to a Cad system automatically symbols in the drawing to scale be inserted. Attribution is optional, i.e. it doesn't necessarily have to be an object with attributes be provided. However, you cannot then turn on of the drawing are generated automatically.

Is the measurement according to this system of a room completed, there is the possibility of to have the scale drawn automatically displayed. Usually go to scale the details because of the limited image size of the computer lost, but it can be done in a very simple way determine whether there are measurement errors at the spatial points appeared. This can be seen e.g. at presentation of an oblique-angled room (at scale Representation), where one can immediately see which one Space point for correction must be measured if the room is not actually angled. After this simple control, which is also omitted can be, the room drawing on hand over any CAD system. In the CAD system, the Drawing to scale with the real drawing displayed attributes such as symbols for windows, Doors, exterior walls, etc. generated and manufactured.

In a further embodiment, the Field use of the device. Are in Field use to measure objects that are wider than that Removed reflectorless measuring length of the laser measuring device reflectors in a classic way be used. In this case, too measuring object on the computer 4 a sketch of the Made object where the intended Measuring points can be determined. The measuring points can now if they are at the correct measuring distance, directly be targeted or a helper must use the reflector in a classic way the measuring points with the measuring stick pierce and it will remove the reflector measured on the bar, the height of which is above Earth is known. That way all field points to be measured with angle and Distance registered and passed to the computer 4. For all field measuring points, whose measured values are transferred the color changes as in the first example on the display, so that easy control about the points already measured. Here too can subsequently be added to the sketch and be registered.

1. Abstecken einer Geraden vermessen von zwei Punkten auf dieser, die eine sinnvolle Ausrichtung des Koordinatensystems anbietet (z.B. eine parallele Straße, parallele Grundstücksgrenze).

2. Klassisches Einmessen in das vorhandene Koordinatensystem, indem ein in seinen absoluten Koordinaten bekannter Meßpunkt angezielt wird und eine Strecke in eine ebenfalls bekannte Richtung gelegt wird.

There are two options for determining the coordinate system for field measurements:

1. Stake out a straight line measured from two points on it, which offers a sensible alignment of the coordinate system (eg a parallel street, parallel plot boundary).

2. Classic measurement in the existing coordinate system by aiming at a measuring point known in its absolute coordinates and laying a distance in a likewise known direction.

During the field measurement, another is in the computer 4 List of objects offered by the field survey correspond to e.g. Trees, landmarks, fences, Property boundaries, houses.

The due to the measurement method described attributed and measured out-of-scale sketch can again be scaled in the computer 4 Drawing will be generated automatically where also in easy detection of possible incorrect measurements are.

The measurement result can in turn be sent to a CAD system be handed over and there according to the existing ones Generated symbols for a scale drawing will. The 3-D coordinates of each measurement point can automatically in the drawing at each measuring point be submitted.

The invention is not limited to that described here Embodiments limited. Rather it is possible by combining and modifying the mentioned features further exemplary embodiments realize without the scope of the invention leave.

Claims (9)

Methods for area and space measurement using laser beams,
characterized in that all the room and / or surface corner points to be recorded are sighted and acted upon with a laser beam from a central point in the room to be measured, the 3D values are determined from the reflected laser beam from the distance and the angles and a true-to-scale drawing is created. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
a non-scale sketch is created beforehand with the spatial and / or surface corner points to be recorded and the spatial and / or surface corner points are given a different color code after measurement with the laser beam and determination and storage of the associated 3D values. Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the non-scale sketch is drawn on the surface of a portable PC. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the drawing is further processed in a CAD system. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
for area-specific room details, such as only one measuring point above and diagonally below for windows and doors. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the measured objects and edges are still attributed as needed. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
sighting is done directly with the human eye or indirectly via a telescopic sight. Device for area and space measurement with a laser range finder with a visible laser beam,
characterized in that
on a tripod (1) the laser rangefinder (3), consisting of laser transmitter and laser receiver, a tilting and rotating device (6) for alignment and angle measurement for high and right value, an electronic evaluation unit (2) for angular data and distance data acquisition and transfer and at least one computer (4) connected to it and a telescopic sight (5) are arranged. Device according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the computer (4) is a notebook, a field computer or a penbook.

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