DD155826A1 - TOOL INSERT FOR SPANISH MACHINING - Google Patents

Abstract

The tool insert is used to process metallic and non-metallic materials, consisting of basic body, top layer and gegf. Interlayers. Increased life, cutting performance, cutting speed, labor productivity. Compound of tough basic body and extremely hard surface layer, which should be manufactured according to simplified technology with reduced expenditure on equipment, which ensures a quality improvement of the processing tools and Werkstueckoberflaechen. Basic body is a sintered hard metal alloy of metal carbides and binder metals or steel, non-ferrous alloy, oxide ceramics, metal ceramics; Covering layer is a diamond-like composite of carbon and / or boron nitride and / or borkabide containing composite, which contains metals of the III. to VII. Subgroup of Pse and / or carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides and / or oxycarbonitrides are mixed, wherein the intermediate layers also consist of metals or their compounds such as those of the cover layer. Use in mechanical engineering, precision engineering (watch bearings) and in electrical engineering and electronics.

Description

P 334-2

Tool insert for machining

The invention relates to a tool insert for machining metallic and non-metallic materials, which consists of a tough base body and a hard top layer between which, depending on the difference between the two coefficients of expansion and the hardness one or more intermediate layers can be arranged. Such tool bits, which are primarily used in drilling and milling tools, but also in planing and turning tools, compared to known tool inserts higher life and high cutting performance and can therefore be used for machining materials of high strength and hardness at increased cutting speeds.

Charakteristik_aer _m] bekannten_technischen solutions

There are known tool inserts made of hard metal, which are coated in the vapor phase deposition with one or more hard coatings of metal carbides and / or nitrides and / or borides and / or carbonitrides. Since the base body consists of a. Tougher material with lower hardness than the functional surface bzwe -kanten or -schneiden, ensure such coated tool inserts a higher cutting speed and service life than uncoated, which coated by Hartstof ^ coating the cost of the tool insert only insignificantly compared to the achievable Performance increase can be increased.

Thus, with these coated mold inserts at conventional cutting speeds, z. B. turning, a service life improvement of 100 ".. 200 % achieved. With a constant service life, the cutting speed can be increased by 25 .... , ......

The disadvantage of these tool inserts is the fact that only the processing of unhardened steel of average strength or of cast iron by continuous cutting and with the restrictions of interrupted cutting is possible. ,

Furthermore, compact tool inserts made of polycrystalline diamond or cubic 'or Polycrystalline boron nitride has become known. Hardened steel, carbide, chilled cast iron, reinforced plastic and difficult-to-machine alloys can be machined using these tool inserts. The disadvantage is the complicated Eerstellungstechnologien and the high cost of such extremely hard compact tool inserts. ,

Furthermore, it is known to produce tool inserts with sintered diamond layers. These composite tool inserts are also made by complicated high-pressure technologies and are compared to the aforementioned extremely hard compact tool inserts only slightly cheaper.

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The solutions mentioned are not or only with great effort for tool inserts with extremely high hardness for machining of materials of high strength and hardness or non-metallic materials at increased cutting speeds suitable because either the applied hard material layers do not have a sufficiently high hardness for such processing cases or Production is technologically complicated by the required step processes and high temperatures and pressures and costly ·

I find it in my opinion

With the application of the invention, a higher life and cutting performance of tool inserts, especially in the processing of both metallic materials of high strength and hardness and non-metallic, conventional V / kzeuginsätze unarboxiantly demanding materials. a significant increase in cutting speed, an increase in the quality of the machining tools and workpiece surfaces to be machined, a reduction in the consumption of raw materials, time and tools, a reduction in the cost of imports, a reduction in general costs and an increase in labor productivity over the achieved known tool inserts.

Explanation of the essence of invention

The technical problem, which is solved by the invention, is to provide a tool insert for machining metallic materials, especially those with high strength and high hardness and non-metallic, the tool insert high-stress materials, made of a cost-effective tougher material than the base material with sufficiently high support strength and a fixed

adherent, thin extremely hard outer layer consists, under which either one or more intermediate layers can be arranged and the production of these tool inserts should be made according to a simplified technology with a reduction in equipment costs, the structure of the composite layer increase the quality of the processing tools and the zu to ensure machining workpiece surfaces and finally the possibility of partial application of the layers should be given only on the functional surfaces or edges.

Features of the invention

The solution according to the invention is that the base body is a sintered hard metal alloy of one or more metal carbides and one or more binder metals or high-strength alloyed steel or a high-strength non-ferrous alloy or an oxide ceramic or a metal ceramic and the top layer a diamond-like carbon and / or boron nitride by coating method - And / or borkarbidhaltiger partially and / or applied to all surfaces composite is optionally optionally optionally during the coating process, one or more metals of III. to VII. Subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements and / or one or more carbides, nitrides ,. Boride, oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides and / or Oxikarbonitride these metals are admixed by appropriately controlled procedures and optionally one or more intermediate layers are deposited by coating processes consisting of one or more metals of the III. to VII. Subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements and / or one or more carbides, nitrides, borides ,. Oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides and / or Oxikarbonitriden these metals exist.

- 5 Other features include:

The cover layer and the intermediate layers are produced by means of coating methods, such as ion plating and / or ion deposition and / or high-speed sputtering and / or vacuum evaporation and / or other vacuum coating methods and / or vapor deposition.

The binders of the G-round body are cobalt, nickel and / or iron.

The diamond-like carbon, boron nitride and / or boric acid content in the topcoat is variable by controlled procedures both within the topcoat and as a whole.

The thickness of the cover layer is 5 χ 10 ² to 5 χ 10 ^ nanometers,

The plastic part of the cover layer has an average hardness equal to or greater than 3000 HV

Each intermediate layer optionally contains one or more binder metals, such as cobalt, nickel, iron, in variable proportions.

Overall, the intermediate layers have a minimum layer thickness of Λ χ nanometers ·

9 5

thickness of Λ χ iO "and a maximum layer thickness of 8 χ 10

Before application of the layers, the main body already has the required cutting geometry and surface quality of the finished coated tool insert, and during the partial application of the layers at least the cutting edges and / or one or more surfaces adjacent to the cutting edges are coated.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the production of a tool insert.

The tungsten carbide turret dies are cleaned and then ion-plated in a vacuum plant with a surface layer consisting of a diamond-like carbon layer mixed with chromium carbide and chromium.

By correspondingly metered addition of metal vapor and activated gaseous hydrocarbon or other carbon-containing gases or vapors, the proportion of the diamond-like carbon structure in the mixed chromium carbide and chromium layer is controlled such that a finely dispersed distribution with increasing carbon content is present towards the surface of the layer. -...

This coating can be carried out, for example, according to one of the methods described in WP C 23 C / 200 431 or WP C 23 C / 200 432. , , ,

The microhardness determination gave values of HV 5000 to 7000 for the plastic fraction o'e according to the selected composition of the carbon particles in the diamond-like structure. Depending on the cutting conditions, such tools inserts with extremely hard layer composition of the outer layer produced a cutting speed of 50 ·· 150 m / min as a turning tool for hardened steel. ,

When machining gray cast iron, it was possible to machine at a cutting speed of 300 ... 500 m / min. Cutting speeds of 300 ... 500 m / min were also used for turning aluminum alloys with a high silicon content, and cutting speeds of 200 ... 400 m / min were used for turning laminates.

Claims (1)

1". Tool insert for machining metallic and non-metallic materials, consisting of a tough material as a base body and a hard top layer, optionally of one or more intermediate layers between the base body and cover layer, characterized, ..., ..... that the main body is a sintered hard metal alloy -. represents one or more metal carbides and one or more binder metals or a high-strength alloyed steel or a high-strength non-ferrous alloy or an oxide ceramic or a metal ceramic and the cover layer partially and / or on by a coating process .diamantähnlicher carbon and / or boron nitride and / or borkarbidhaltiger all surfaces applied composite is optionally optionally v / during the coating process, one or more metals of III. to VII · Subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements and / or one or more carbides, nitrides, borides, oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides and / or oxicarbonitrides of these metals are admixed by appropriately controlled procedures and optionally one or more intermediate layers are deposited by coating processes one or more metals of the III. to VII. Subgroup of the Periodic Table of Elements'and / or one or more carbides, Nitridenj borides, oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides and / or Oxikarbonitriden these metals. 2 · use of tools after point * l,
characterized, in that the cover layer and the intermediate layers are produced by means of coating methods, such as ion plating and / or ion deposition and / or high-speed sputtering and / or vacuum evaporation and / or other vacuum coating methods and / or vapor deposition methods. 3 · Tool insert according to items 1 and 2, marked, ....... :. the binder metals of the main body are cobalt, nickel and / or iron. 4 · V / tool insert according to point Λ I ··· 3, characterized in that the diamond-like carbon boron nitride and / or boron carbide fraction in the cover layer is controlled by controlled movement processes both within the cover layer and also overall. 5. Tool insert according to point 1 »·« 4, characterized, , ..... .... the thickness of the cover layer is 5 × 10 ² to 5 χ Aofr nanometer · 6 · Tool insert according to point 1 «« · 5 characterized, ..·'..' - · that the plastic portion of the cover layer has an average hardness of equal to / greater than 3000 HV. 7 · Tool insert according to point Ί .. · 6, characterized in that each intermediate layer optionally contains one or more binder metals, such as cobalt, nickel, iron, in variable proportions. 8e tool insert according to items 1 to 7, characterized in that the intermediate layers as a whole have a minimum layer thickness of 1χ0Ί0 ² and a maximum layer thickness of 8χ10 ⁵ nanometers. 9 «Tool insert according to point 1 ··· 8 _s characterized,. , , that the base body before the application of the layers "regrettably has the required cutting geometry and surface finish of the finished" coated Werlczeug use and the partial application of the layers at least the cutting edge and / or one or more cutting edges adjacent surfaces are coated