DD151995A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF SOLIDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the thermal treatment of dusty or feinkoernigem material, preferably in solid decomposition, conversion, warming up, or combustion. The aim of the invention is to bring the dusty, granular or granulated material finely distributed directly in the zone of the highest temperature to expose it to a thermal shock. The invention is based on the object to develop for special thermal processes, a suitable device that is relatively easy to create in their construction, so that a large amount of equipment is avoided. According to the invention this is achieved in that suitable louvers (1) form the air outlet gaps (4), to which each fuel gas outlet columns (7) or more fuel gas holes (6) are assigned. Any number of baffles may be connected in parallel to achieve any number of exit slits according to the particular thermal process. Furthermore, the elements at the end of the gas-conducting devices are exchangeable.

Description

221974

Process and device for the thermal treatment of pesticides

A field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal treatment of dusty, granular or granulated material at high temperatures. This may be a decomposition, conversion, warm-up or combustion of the pesticides.

The invention can be used wherever a material reacts quickly and at a high temperature, that is to say it is to be exposed to a thermal shock.

Characteristic of the known te chnic solutions

In the process engineering and in particular in chemical engineering processes, the problem often arises of undergoing thermal treatment in the case of a process step or partial process as reactants for use in powdery or granular solids.

It is generally customary to combine these pesticides in a special reactor by means of suitable technical means with a gaseous reaction partner of high temperature in order to achieve the desired conversion.

A known method for such processes with specially designed for the solid parameters reactors is the fluidized bed process, other methods work with fluidized bed or the reaction is carried out in a continuous furnace.

Apart from the relatively large expenditure on equipment, however, these methods are subject to certain restrictions with regard to the temperature load. The required gas distribution device 6n, called in the fluidized bed process grids, are due to the material temperature side only within certain limits resilient or continuous operation is not guaranteed.

In the known methods, it is sometimes unavoidable that in certain processes, caused by process-related low Gasg6schwindigkeiten, dead spaces arise in which sometimes only a strongly delayed reaction occurs.

Existing gas distribution devices are only effective if they adjust to a corresponding pressure drop, which is effective only by a suitable design of the gas distribution device and with the appropriate form and the corresponding speed of the gas. At needed high gas speeds, e.g. B. in a fluidized bed is formed at higher gas temperatures, a large heat loss in the form of hot exhaust gas and unavoidable Gutaustrag. This can only be reduced by additionally installed filter systems.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to improve the thermal treatment energy management and eliminate the disadvantages of previous apparatus.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention is based on the object, taking into account the van ^f Hoff rule t the powdery, granular or granulated Heaktanten to bring directly in the zone höchöter temperature to subject it to a thermal shock, resulting in a particularly effective implementation result.

The dusty, granular or granulated material is to be added directly to the combustion air via a known feeding or metering device (eg injector, turntable feeder, rotary valve, etc.) and conveyed to the reaction space at a constant transport speed . become. It should therefore account for the supply of a corresponding auxiliary gas for the transport of material.

It is desirable to decompose the reactants in the reaction space by means of the device according to the invention, so in thin large-scale material flows that he occupies a favorable aerodynamically optimal surface in the dissolved particle association to him so favorably with the reactants, which are in a gaseous state in contact bring.

According to the invention this is achieved in that after the material application by a metering suitable guide devices are attached to the end_. (Beginning of the reaction space) form one or more slots, wherein for each air gap a corresponding fuel gas «slot or more Br.enngasaustrittsbohrungen assigned»

The reaction space can be rectangular or square or round. Accordingly, the guide means are designed with the corresponding outlet slots.

2 2 19 7 4 ⁴

In rectangular construction, any number of baffles may be connected in parallel to achieve any number of vertical or horizontal exit slits. Thus, the number and size of the exit slots can adapt to the particular thermal process. · '

The elements at the end of the baffles are interchangeable, so they can be adapted to the respective reactants in different thermal processes (solid decomposition, heating, combustion). Depending on the number of elements or number of outlet slots also creates the appropriate number of Plammsnbändern with a high heat concentration. With the number of Plammenbänder and the loading of the oxygen carrier with the corresponding reaction material, the thermal process can be influenced accordingly.

In order to achieve intensive mixing of fuel gas and oxygen carrier and a short hot flame, the two components are cross-flow; for the formation of a long, wide flame, as a longer Reaktionsstrecko the exit takes place in parallel flow.

It is also possible to make the outlet slots of the oxygen carrier and fuel gas and the associated guide devices annular. Good mixing is achieved here by the use of suitable turbulators or wire helix.

The flame flows directly into the. Reaction space, which comes through turbulent mixing to a uniform burnout. The beam energy of the flame is used here to guide them in the reaction space.

2 2 1-974

In the device described, the material to be reacted is simultaneously transported with the oxygen carrier, so that only the stoichiometrically required amount reaches the reaction space and thus no heat losses occur.

The dust-like, granular or granulated material passes in a finely divided form into the reaction space without any significant pressure increase of the oxygen carrier. The formation of dead zones with a weaker reaction is thereby prevented.

The device can also be used in overpressure-operated reaction spaces by adjusting the pressure of the oxygen carrier and fuel gas to the pressure in the reaction space.

Since the mixture of fuel gas and oxygen carrier and thus the combustion takes place only curz behind the exit slits or holes, they are 'constantly cooled' and do not come into contact with the flame, creating a possible formation of deposits, which is inevitable in certain processes , is prevented.

The cross section of the air channel and the size of the air outlet column S 'and the size of the fuel gas outlet gap and the fuel gas outlet holes are coordinated so that the mixing energy matches the transport energy for the material.

221974

Exemplary embodiment. ,

The invention is explained in more detail by the following examples:

In Fig. 1, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in section. It consists essentially of the air tube 2, the louvers 1, the fuel gas distribution tubes 5 and your reaction chamber 9 The louvers are arranged so that the cross section of the air duct 3 is constant at each point and at the end between the fuel gas distribution tubes 5 the air outlet gaps M-. forms, in which the fuel gas outlet holes 6 open perpendicular to the air outlet direction. .The laden with the dusty ^, granular or granular material flows through the air tube 2 and is distributed by the louvers 1 uniformly on the air channels and transported to the air outlet gaps M- . There, the oxygen carrier (air) mixes with the fuel gas, and it form from the air outlet gap M- 'depending on the number of gas outlet holes the corresponding number of flames.

It is important that the transport energy must equal the mixing energy at the outlet.

According to "Eck" Technical Fluid Mechanics, many small flames are cheaper than a large one. The fuel gas must be mixed intensively before combustion, whereby here the purely mechanical mixture is not sufficient; in addition, the molecular mixture (diffusion) is necessary, which is the faster the thinner the gas jets to be mixed.

Further embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 2 to M- .

221974

Compared with the embodiment described in the first example, the fuel gas directing devices 8 are designed so that 'they have interchangeable elements at the end (reaction space inlet), so that either the variants according to FIGS. 2 to 4 can be constructed.

Instead of the fuel gas outlet holes, the fuel gas directing devices 8 form a fuel gas gap 7 «

Fig. 2 and 4 form a cross-flow and Fig. 3 is a parallel 'lelstromausfütirung. <

Claims (6)

2 2 1 9 7 A β Erf ind un.fi claims. i '. Process and apparatus for the thermal treatment of dusty or fine-grained material, which is finely distributed directly in the zone of highest temperature v / earth ", 'characterized gβkenn characterized in that the louvers (1) are designed so that the" material to be reacted with constant speed in the air flow from the air duct (2) to the air outlet slot (4) is transported. 2. The method and apparatus is characterized according to item 1, terized in that the number of louvers (1) and the Brenngasleiteinrichtungen (8) and in the connection, the number un.d size 'of the air exit slits (4) and gas outlet slots (7) respectively; ¹ gas outlet holes (6) can v / sden so varied that the material passes finely distributed in the reaction chamber. 3. Method and device according to items 1 to 2, characterized by the fact that the fuel gas conducting devices have interchangeable elements at the end (reaction space inlet). 4. Method and device according to item 1 to 3 », characterized in that the dust-like, granular or granulated material is fed directly to the stoichiometrically required oxygen carrier. 5. The method and apparatus according to item 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture of fuel gas and oxygen is carried out und'damit fabric handles the combustion shortly behind the exit slots or bores and conforms to the mixing energy with the transport energy. 221974 9 6, method and device according to point 1 to 5> äadurc_h '.gekennzeichnet ^ that the exit slits for "oxygen carrier and fuel gas and the associated guide means may be designed ring-shaped For better Durchmisehung suitable turbulators or wire helix may be appropriate. 7. The method and apparatus according to item 1 to 5, dad urch gekennze ichnet that the outlet slits can be designed so that a deposition of the reacted material in a downstream cyclone can be done in thin strands.