DD146616A1 - PROCESS FOR OBTAINING BIOMASS FROM GUELLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for obtaining egg-rich biomass by culturing bacteria and yeasts on guelle. According to known methods of multi-stage biological wastewater treatment, the ingredients contained in the guell are used only uneconomically for recovering valuable material and biodegrade with low rate of degradation and low degradation. The resulting in this process biosludge has an unsatisfactory for footage quality. The object of the invention is to obtain a biomass of high quality which is suitable for petting purposes and to relieve the gellulose in relation to polluting ingredients. The goal is achieved by subjecting the slurry to a one-stage continuous fermentation, optionally with the addition of carbon and phosphorus carriers. As microorganisms pure cultures, defined mixed cultures and mixed populations are used. The biomass produced by these processes is characterized by high crude protein and relatively low ash content. The invention can be used in plants of industrial animal production in which guelle anfaellt.

Description

Title: -.

Process for recovering biomass from manure

Field of application of the invention:

The invention relates to a method for obtaining microbial biomass for feeding purposes from manure, in particular chicken and pig manure, while reducing undesirable ingredients.

The invention belongs to the field of technical microbiology and can be used in plants of industrial animal production, in which manure is obtained. The invention is classified in the IPK: C 12 d, 13/06 (A 23 K).

Characteristics of the well-known technical solutions:

In a known biological wastewater treatment process for the treatment of manure (DD -PS 98 8I9) after the separation of the pesticide, the liquid manure is aerated in several stages, with the aim of reducing the inorganic and organic substances contained in the liquid. In doing so, much of the biosynthetic sludge is recycled to maintain the biological activity of the sludge in the aeration basins.

This ventilation process takes place in open basins, with constantly changing environmental conditions with respect to homogeneity, flow, temperature and pH, which does not allow a standardization of the MO-Plora in principle.

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However, this process is conditionally suitable for a partial discharge of the liquid manure of ingredients but not for a targeted synthesis of biomass with high space-time yields of biomass and high biomass quality. The process is in detail associated with the following wax parts:

- Multi-stage process

- High residence times in the individual reaction stages

- Lead the sludge recycling and the high residence times

to a large extent inhalation of the available carbon .

- Low productivity of the process

- Low degradation levels and speeds of the ingredients of the liquid manure

- Insufficient quality of biosludge • Low crude protein content • High ash content

 , Broad microorganism flora.

In another known process (Bringmann et al., Gesundh.-Ing. 90 (I969) 7, 219-221), by adding carbon sources to municipal and agricultural effluents, the C: N required for the microbial process is used With the addition of an auxiliary C source, complete utilization of the nitrogen contained in municipal wastewater for biomass synthesis is to be achieved.

This one-step process takes place in an open activated sludge basin with relatively short residence times with partial sludge recirculation and is suitable in lightly loaded sludge

Waste water to reduce the NH ^ -N content (100 mg / 1) and the BOD content (about 100 mg / 1).

The maximum achievable biomass concentration of about 1 g / l under these conditions excludes a use of this method for the purpose of producing microbial biomass on an industrial scale.

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In another known method (DD - PS 128 067) the addition of a C source for the treatment of a heavily loaded liquid manure is described. Reference was made to the process (DD - PS 98 819) described at the outset for in-stage biological wastewater treatment with sludge recycling and long residence times. The additional C source is added in a second intensive stage. , The disadvantage of this method is that two process steps are needed, the recovery of the carbon is very uneconomical, since it is almost exclusively to COo respirated and further produced by the microorganism little reproducible biosludge of poor quality. Due to the application of the principle of classical biological wastewater treatment in open settling tanks under non-defined conditions, this variant is not suitable for the production of high-quality biomass in Hoclileistungsprozessen. The resulting in the plague-liquid separation of liquid manure can be mechanically, thermally-chemically and enzymatically so digested that it can be intensively bio-logically converted into biosludge together with the liquid manure (DD - PS, 118 797) · About the chemical composition of nothing is known according to the described methods of production of biosyntheses.

-2 W, Schönborn (Reprint from Radiation from a Clean Enviroment, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1975 »p. 579-588) gj-bt for sludge from municipal activated sludge processes an ash content between 25 and 35 % and a protein content of approx 37%.

With these known methods, it is not possible due to the identified shortcomings and disadvantages that adhere to this method, to gain suitable for feeding biomass of • high quality based on manure and at the same time meet the demands of environmental protection and water 'economy to become.

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Object of the invention:

The aim of the invention is to obtain a biomass of high quality suitable for feeding purposes and to relieve the liquid manure of environmentally harmful contents.

substances. '·

Essence of the invention;

The invention has as its object to use the in.der manure existing inorganic and organic ingredients in an intensive process maximum for the microbial Bxomassesynthese.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the slurry is subjected to a one-stage continuous aerobic fermentation optionally with the addition of soluble organic carbon compounds and soluble inorganic phosphorus compounds. The additions will that

C: N: P ratio in the slurry is designed to approximate a C: N: P ratio of 25: 5: 1 so that maximum microbial biomass synthesis is achieved with maximum degradation of organic and inorganic ingredients. JHi * Help of yeasts and / or bacteria is achieved.

The addition of the C source is such that the mass ratio between dom added carbon and nitrogen present in the slurry between 1 and 7, preferably between 3 and 6. The addition of the P source is such that the mass ratio between the added phosphorus and the present in the slurry nitrogen is between 0.1 and 0.6, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4. As the C source, oxygen-containing compounds are selected, such as water-soluble carbohydrates, preferably glucose and sucrose, lower alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, or lower fatty acids, such as acetic acid or propionic acid,

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The phosphorus is added in the form of its acids or salts. It is not necessary to add further essential elements for the biomass synthesis during the fermentation.

The cultures used consist of pure cultures (eg Candida iitilis), defined mixed cultures and mixed populations in which one species (eg Pseudomonas sp.) Dominates with 60-80% (according to the number of cells). The selected ones

; Microorganisms are able to use organic ingredients as well as the optionally added C source equally and convert them into microbial biomass. While marked by in the high residence times of the biological wastewater processes ^nearly: all of the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide, are converted into microbial cellular substance by the fermentation of manure over 50% of utilisierten carbon.

In addition to the additional carbon source, the utilizable carbon compounds are soluble, colloidal and solid organic compounds of the manure itself. This circumstance leads to a significant reduction in the specific substrate requirement (g of added organic compound / g biomass dry matter) of the microorganisms used. '.

The fermentation process is characterized by

- A temperature of 20 - 60 ⁰ C, preferably 30 - 40 ⁰ C.

- a pH of 3-8 and. , ,

- a residence time of 2-15 hours.

The fermentatively produced biomass has a significantly better quality with regard to its crude protein and ash content (crude protein content for yeast biomass 50%, for bacterial biofuel, mass 65%, ash content 12 %) . ,

The main advantages of the process over currently used microbiological methods of manure preparation are:

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- Effective one-stage fermentation of manure with high space-time yields and extensive elimination of the ingredients of manure.

- Stable fermentation process under defined constant conditions.

- Economic utilization of organic matter in microbial cell substance ·

- Largely uniform microorganism flora even when using mixed populations.

- High quality of biomass produced in terms of crude protein and ash content.

example 1

In a continuous flow through laboratory fermentor are 5 kg of fermentation medium "The temperature is 32 ⁰ C, the pH 7.0 - 0.1.

The amount of air added to the fermenter is 200 -

l / h. The pH control is carried out with 7 _} 5% NaOH bzv /. with 5% H 2 SO 4. The residence time is 3 hours, the respective hourly dosing amounts to 1420 ml of pig slurry and 200 ml of a 18% glucose solution, the 2.5 ml of 85% H ₃ K) ₄ /! contains.

The pig slurry filling has the following composition:

Average (variation width). ·. _; Area _l

Dry matter 8.9 g / l 3.0 - 18., 2

> 5 solid 4.1 g / l 1.4-6.6

Chem. Oxygen consumption 12500 mgO ₂ / l 3000 - 16000

Total carbon .3,6 g / l. 1.7 - 5.3

Total nitrogen I78O mg / 1 1450 - 2000

M ₃ nitrogen 1620 mg / l, 1230-1820

Total phosphorus 120 mg / 1 '35 - 200

Phosphorus Phosphorus 7 ^> mg / 1 20 - I90 '

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-Dm? chs elin it t (range of variation)

Area

Potassium 850 mg / 1 500 - 1700

Calcium 180 mg / 1 140 - 210

 Magnesium .40 mg / l 10 - 80

Copper 0.1 mg / 1 0.05-0.3

Manganese 0 * 3 mg / 1 0j1 - 1.4

Zinc 2.2 mg / 1 0.3-2.8

Iron 2.5 mg / 1 0.1 - 11.0

The microorganisms used for the fermentation were recovered from a biological slurry processing plant of a pig farm and breeding combine and adapted to the mentioned fermentation conditions. In the process, a bacterial component increased to more than 70 % according to the number of cells. The fermentation medium leaving the fermenter contains a solids concentration of 17 g / l> the bacterial biomass concentration actually produced is 13 g / l, which corresponds to a productivity of 4.3 s organism Ag · h. The specific substrate requirement is 1.7 S glucose / g cell substance. , The degree of degradation of the HHo-nitrogen is more than 90%, that of the total nitrogen more than 80 % and the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand of the liquid manure is more than 75% · The liquid leaving the fermenter is characterized by the following values:

Mio nitrogen concentration: 80 mg N / 1

Total nitrogen concentration: 180 mg N / l

Phosphate-phosphorus concentration: 10 mg Ρ / Γ

Chem. Acid consumption: 1800 mg 0 ₂ / l glucose concentration (as

reducing substance):. <0.1 g / l

The fermented bacterial biomass has the following chemical composition, based on anhydrous dry matter:

2.1-4 ϊ

Ash: 12.0 %

Total nitrogen: 11.5%

i, -S ticks toff: 0,4- %

Crude protein: 69.4%

Phosphorus: 2.3%

Total nucleic acids: 9.8 %

Amino acid spectrum of the bacterial biomass (mg AS / 16 mg N):

8.0; 3.9

2.8

9.8 3.0 5.2 7.6

3.9 6.4

2.7 3.8 4.4

1 | 3

4.6 0.6 1.9

Asp 10 Thr He Glu Per Gly 15 Ala valley He Leu Tyr 50 Phe Lys His bad Cy s mead Example 2

In a Laborrührfermentor with an E ¹ he me nt or content of 3650 kg continuously Güllefugat and 600 ml% strength molasses are (1: 1.verdünnt) dosed every hour. The temperature is 32 ⁰ C, pH 6.0 i 0.1 The registered in the fermentor air volume - 1000 l / h.

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The pH control is carried out as in Example 1. The fermentation time of the continuous fermentation is 3.5 hours The microorganisms used for the fermentation were adapted from a biological slurry processing plant of a pig farm and breeding combine to the mentioned fermentation conditions Solids concentration of 16 g / l, the bacterial biomass concentration actually produced is 13 g / l, which corresponds to a productivity of 3.7% organism / h. The specific substrate requirement is 3.4 g molasses / g cell substance. The degree of degradation corresponds to that of Example 1, the same applies to the composition of the fermented liquid. The bacterial biomass produced in the long-term has the following chemical composition: based on anhydrous dry matter:

Ash: 10.0%

Total Embroidery Stitch: 12.0%

MHo nitrogen: 0.5%

High protein 71.8%

Phosphorus: .1,9%

Total nucleic acids: 11.1%

Example 3

In a continuous flow through the laboratory fermenter are 5 ty fermentation medium · The temperature is 32 ⁰ C, the pH 4.0 ± 0.1. The amount of air introduced into the fermenter is 200 - 5OO l / h. The pH control is carried out with 5% H ₂ SO ^.

The residence time of the fermentation medium is 5 hours, the corresponding hourly Dosiermengen be 9OO ml of liquid manure and 80 ml of a 3 ^ '% ^s sucrose solution, which also contains 2.5 ml of 85% H ^ PO ^ / l.

2

For the fermentation of the liquid manure, the yeast Candida utilis was adapted to the liquid manure and the mentioned fermentation parameters. The microscopic image of this culture corresponds to that of the fermentation of Candida utilis on sucrose with the addition of nutrient and trace salts. The solids concentration in the fermentor or run-off is 17.5 S / lj the yeast concentration actually produced is 15 g / l a productivity of 3.0 yeast / kg · h.

; The. specific Sübstratbedarf is 1.8 g of sucrose / g yeast dry matter.

The degree of degradation corresponds to that of Example 1, the same applies to the composition of the fermented liquid.

The yeast dry matter produced fermentatiν has the following chemical composition, based on anhydrous dry matter:

Ische: 5.5%

Total nitrogen: 8.5 % NH ₃ nitrogen: 0.3% Crude Protein: 51.3 % Phosphorus: 1.2 % Total Nucleic Acids: 4.5%

Be itpiel 4

In a continuous laboratory fermentor is 1 kg of fermentation medium. The temperature is 36 ⁰ C, the pH 7jO - 0.1. The amount of air introduced into the fermenter is 50-100 l / h. The pH control is 5%. KOH. The residence time of the fermentation medium is 5 hours, the corresponding amounts metered per hour are 17 ml of liquid manure containing 20 ml of 32.5% acetic acid solution containing 83 g of Na ₂ HPO ₂ / l.

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Organisms were adapted to the mentioned fermentation conditions from a "biological slurry processing plant of a pig mast growing and breeding complex." The fermentation medium leaving the fermenter contains a solids concentration of 17 g / l. The actual bacterial biomass concentration produced is 13 g / l a productivity of 2.6 g of organisms / ¹ / »· h. the specific substrate requirement is 2.7 g acetic acid / g of cellular matter. the degradation degree correspond to those of example 1, the same applies for the composition of the fermented liquid to the fermentation generated. Biomass has the following chemical composition, based on anhydrous dry substance:

Ash: 12.0 % Total nitrogen: 12.0 % HHO-nitrogen: 0.7 % crude protein: 70.6 % Phosphorus: 2.0 % Total nucleic acids: 11.0 % Example 5

In a continuous flow through the laboratory fermentor are 5 H fermentation medium. The temperature is 34 ⁰ C, the pH 4.2 ± 0.1

The amount of air introduced into the fermenter is • 200 - 500 l / h. The pH control is carried out with 7.5% NaOH. The residence time is 4 hours, the corresponding hourly Dosiermengen be 1100 ml of liquid manure and 100 ml of a 30 % acetic acid solution, which also contains 100 g 'Na ₂ HPO ₄ A.

 For the fermentation of the liquid manure flow, the yeast Candida utilis was adapted to the liquid manure and the mentioned fermentation conditions. , The cell morphology of this culture corresponds to that obtained in the fermentation of Candida utilis on acetic acid with added

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set of nutrient and trace salts is observed. The solids concentration in the fermentor effluent is 17 g / l, the yeast concentration actually produced is 14 g / l, which corresponds to a productivity of 3.5 g yeast / kg. · H. The specific substrate requirement is 2.9 g acetic acid / g yeast dry substance.

The degree of degradation corresponds to that of Example 1, the same applies to the composition of the fermented liquid.

The chemical composition of the biomass produced corresponds to that of Example 3.

Example 6

In a continuous flow through the laboratory fermenter are 5 ^ g F er me ntation medium. The temperature is 31 ⁰ C, the pH 4.0 - 0.1. The amount of air introduced into the fermenter is 200-500 l / h. The pH is controlled with 7% 5% NaOH. The dwell time is 7 hours, - the corresponding hourly dosing amounts to 650 ml of liquid manure and 40 ml of a 40% methanol solution, which also contains 2.5 ml of 85% Ή-ηη / Ι .

For the fermentation of the liquid manure a special bacterial strain with the designation MB 58, IMET B 346 was adapted to the medium manure and the mentioned fermentation conditions and used. The solids concentration in the fermentor effluent is 16 g / l, the bacterial biomass concentration actually produced is 14 g / l, which corresponds to a productivity of 2.0 g organisms / kg · h. The specific substrate requirement is 2.6 g of methanol / g of cell substance. The degree of degradation corresponds to that of Example 1, the same applies to the composition of the fermented liquid.

The chemical composition of the biomass produced, based on anhydrous dry matter, is the following;

-13 - 2 Π

Ash: 6.3 Total nitrogen: 12.7 ! ^ - Nitrogen: 0.5 crude protein: 76 * 3 Phosphorus: 1.7

Total nucleic acids: 9.3%

Amino Acid Spectrum of Bacterial Biomass (mg AS / 16 mg N)

Asp 8,3

Thr 4,5

Ser '9,8

Gius 10,7

Pro "- .. 4,2

Giy 5.2

Ala 7.5

VaI 5.5

Hey 4.0

Leu · 7,8

Tyr. '2,8

Bhe 4.0

Lys 4,8

His 2,4

Arg '6.5

Cys 0.7

Met ,, 2.1

86.8

Example 7

• In a continuously flowing Laljorfermentor are. 15 kg of fermentation substance. The temperature is 35 ⁰ G, the pH 6.5 ί 0.1.

- 14 - 2 f

The amount of air added to the fermenter is 750 - 1000 l / h. The pH control is carried out with 7.5% NaOH. The residence time "is 4 hours, the corresponding hourly dosing amounts to 3500 ml manure (Eohgülle) and. 225 ml of a 50% molasses solution containing 2 ml of 85% H ₃ PO ₄ /! contains.

The solids content of the manure was 10 g / l. The mixed culture used is described in Example 1. The concentration of solids in the fermenter effluent is 14.6 g TS / 1, the bacterial biomass concentration actually generated is 11 g BTS / 1, calculated from the crude protein and nucleic acid contents of the liquid manure and the solid in the fermenter effluent · It follows that a large part of the in the The productivity of the process is 2.75 S BTS / 1 " ^β h, the specific substrate requirement is 1.36 g glucose / g BTS The composition of the fermented liquid and the degree of degradation correspond to those of Example 1.

The predominantly consisting of biomass solid in Fermentorablauf has the following chemical composition, based on anhydrous dry matter:

Ash: 11.2 Gesarat-nitrogen: 11.5 Mio-nitrogen: 0.5 crude protein: 68.8 Phosphorus: 2.1 Total nucleic acids: 10.1

Claims (1)

2141 claim 1. A method for the production of biomass from manure by culturing bacteria and / or yeasts optionally with the addition of external C and P sources, thereby f? characterized in that for culturing pure cultures, defined mixed cultures and mixed populations, in which a species dominates more than 60 % and that these microorganisms are at a pH. from 3 to 8, a temperature of 20 to 60 ⁰ C, preferably "between 30 and 40 ⁰ C and a Yerweilseit of-2 to 15 hours, preferably cultured between 3 and 7 hours.