DD146071A1 - ARRANGEMENT OF CITY-ENVIRONMENTAL CABLES AND CIVIL INSTALLATIONS IN RESIDENCES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement of city-technical lines and civil engineering in housing estates, the residential houses, roads for vehicle traffic, parking areas, city-technical lines and possibly communal building have. The invention has for its object to guarantee optimal satisfaction of technical, economic, safety and environmental requirements. The essence of the invention is that the part of the terrain adjacent to the dwelling-house side has a higher average level than the average level of the part of the terrain adjoining the opposite side of the same dwelling-house. The roads for vehicle traffic are arranged on the lower part of the terrain. The level of the road crown is essentially equal to the ground floor level of the lowest level (of the substructure) of the residential houses and at least a part of this space is connected to the road for vehicle traffic at the same level. The parking areas are formed on the higher Gelaendeilen. The Gelaendeile different altitude are connected between the neighboring Wohnhaeusern by an artificial Gelaendesprung, zweckmaeszig by a Boeschung and / or a wall.

Description

Berlin, 23.8.1978 WP E 02 D / 204- 8O4 53 318/24

204804

Arrangement of town-diocese lines and civil engineering in housing estates

Field of application of the invention .

The invention relates to an arrangement of the city-technical lines and Tiefbaμanlagen in housing estates, consisting of residential houses, in particular from band houses, Strai3en for convoy traffic, parking areas (possibly KojLmunalgebäuden), and from city-technical lines *

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The civil engineering works represent a significant part of housing development. Their share of the investment costs and the related time expenditure are quite considerable. The category civil engineering of housing estates includes the following categories of work:

- Foundation of the Sebäudes, construction of the basement soles and substructures;

«Different gravity pipes: sewage and rainwater drainage;

Various types of gravitation conduits ^; Heating line, water, electricity and gas supply lines, low power cables for the central television antenna, for telephone systems and other purposes;

«-») ÄÜh IQWU ¹ '^ / o

O 4 " ² - 23.8.1978

WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

- cable channels}

- transport facilities: roads for vehicular traffic and for pedestrians, parking lots, garages;

- terrain regulation;

- Parkanlagenbauι

All these installations must satisfy various technical, safety, environmental and other requirements and should be consistent with each other both in space and in time, that is, during the process of their realization. The rules of the various disciplines often contradict each other and this leads to difficulties both technically and economically. This situation is still often complicated by the groundwater, whose presence further increases building difficulties and investment costs. "

Although the above-mentioned noise channels have rationalized civil engineering works, their application has raised the following problems:

The ducts are removed according to the usual arrangement at a depth of 3-5 meters below ground level. This often means that they are surrounded by _t groundwater; Complex dewatering operations are accordingly necessary in their construction and to prevent water seepage, the ducts must be provided with insulation. The network of ducts obstructs the guidance of the gravity ducts in the housing estates or requires it in some places

η .-, siir ', nQ ^''-: / \ O, η "

-3- 23.8.1978

! / PE 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

because of the intersections such a deep channel run, which would otherwise not be necessary · The removal of leachate from the substructures or »the ducts makes in most cases mechanical lifting (eg pump station) or a very deep discharge channel necessary

It should also be mentioned that for safe dea prescribed temperature limit in the duct _s or for safety reasons, a mechanical ventilation system is required.

In recent times, (primarily in housing estates), the city technical lines are housed so that in the substructure (in the basement) of the building a so-called duct is formed and the city technical lines are in-a system of these courses or the Ducts connecting subterranean ducts ·

It is characteristic for the connection of a duct with a duct that there is a significant difference in level and the transition section is formed with steps or with inclination. This arrangement has the following disadvantages:

- 'It requires the training of such structures, which deviate from the standard cross-section and you must otherwise superfluous, arcuate vertical, or possibly horizontal direction changes in the wiring einord- nen.} In the transitional sections, the lines often have to be arranged differently from the standard cross-section ·

20 4 80 4 ~ ⁴ ~ 23.8.1978

'' '. WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

- In the duct-duct system Gravitationkanäie can not be installed over several buildings even at a favorable terrain slope.

"* The duct can also be detected by the groundwater in cases where the foundation has been raised sufficiently above groundwater level.

- The duct can obstruct the discharge of sewage or the rainwater-the other channel side or makes a very deep channel necessary, which can often be connected only by a pumping station to the existing Hetz · The inner (technological) drainage of the Leituogskanals Often it can only be solved automatically, with the help of machines, or it needs a very deep channel. Flooding of the duct can even occur.

Finally, the following problems mean further difficulties in the education and arrangement of civil engineering works in housing estates:

-The intersection of roads and ducts usually requires a costly solution, especially in case of high groundwater, if a certain line channel distance with deep guidance is to be formed *

- The air pollution and noise effects of vehicles are disruptive to the park area and are harmful to the environment. «Vehicle traffic disturbs the crossing pedestrian traffic, which can lead to dangerous situations, especially for old people and children»

-5- 23.8.1978

- »WP E 02 D / 204 804" 53 318/24

• In the case of substructures which are mostly lowered below ground level, some of the rooms accommodated here have a lower value due to their location. * Additional facilities (shafts, ramps, etc.) are required for the use of the central heating units, transformer rooms and garages «; The subsidence into the soil usually results in the groundwater level being reached, which in turn results in drainage and insulation costs *

- It has become increasingly necessary for housing estates to set up 'underground storage facilities for vehicles and other storage purposes', regardless of the dwellings. In these buildings, the proportion of drainage and insulation in construction costs can be quite good "· Being meaningful" The technological drainage of these rooms (eg # after car washing) often requires a mechanical lift or a deep channel *

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to remedy the above-mentioned disadvantages »

Principle of which he f ind clothes

The invention has for its object to find for the arrangement of city-technical lines and civil engineering facilities such a solution that allows the optimal satisfaction of technical, economic, safety and deri environmental "requirements in line with each other

-β- .23.8.19.78

WP Έ 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

The invention is based on the recognition that the elimination of the technical difficulties, the co-ordination of the various aspects and the optimization of the investment costs or the cost of the operation of the city-technical lines can be achieved by the Y / without housing on two, different in altitude , is formed from separate terrain levels. The different housing functions can be divided into these two levels, and accordingly, e.g. the streets for. the vehicle traffic on the lower and the park grounds baw. plants are placed on the higher ground level.

On the basis of this finding, the object was achieved according to the invention with the aid of such an arrangement, which is characterized in that the one part of the housing adjacent terrain part has a higher average level than the Burchschnittsniveaii of the terrain part, which adjoins the opposite side of the same home, the , Roads for vehicle traffic are conducted along the lower part of the terrain, the level of the road crown substantially with the. Floor level of the lowermost rooms of the residential buildings coincides and at least a part of these rooms is connected to the street practically in the same mveau; park areas are formed on the higher terrain parts * whereby the terrain parts of different altitude between the adjacent Y / ohnhäusern by an artificial terrain jump, e.g. are connected by an embankment and / or a wall.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the substructure of the dwelling-houses, on the side of the higher part of the terrain, there are ducts, and between the dwelling-houses,

20 4 80 4 ~ ^Ί ~ 23.8.1-978

'WP B 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

in the area of the connection of the terrain parts different altitude, expediently arranged in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the terrain jump line ducts, - wherein the floor level of the ducts and the ducts is substantially equal and corresponds to the level of the lower terrain part »

According to a further advantageous Ausflihrungaform of the invention, there is at least one housing estate unit consisting of U-shaped arranged band houses in the plan view "The higher terrain part is inside and the lower part of the terrain outside of the limited area of these houses." Suitably, several such residential housing units arranged side by side, between which on the lower part of the terrain roads for vehicular traffic, and between the park areas of housing estates these roads spanning bridges for pedestrians are expanded ·

The following advantages can be achieved by the invention:

The concept of the invention, which is based on the idea of the double-level arrangement, eliminates most of the current difficulties in civil engineering and in the laying of city-technical lines and also largely satisfies the teclinischen ~ safety ~ technical and environmental requirements Optimum cost savings ", The spaces previously used only for subordinate purposes can find high-quality application" The park areas separated from the traffic can be used to advantage for the accommodation of garages or public institutions "

204 80 4 - ⁸ ~ 23.8.1978

WP-E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

Ausführunp; SExample

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing in the exemplary embodiment.

1 shows an advantageous arrangement in a schematic, axonometric representation,

2 shows a further arrangement example, also in axonometric representation,

Fig. 3-7! various arrangement concepts in plan view or in vertical section,

Pig. FIG. 8 shows a line duct connection according to the invention in section along the line C - C of FIG. 9, FIG.

9 is a section along the line D - D of Fig. 8,

10 - 1 $: various training options or arrangements of the duct in section,

15i shows a v / eitere embodiment of the inventive arrangement of the city-technical lines and civil engineering facilities in a schematic, axonometric representation.

FIG. 1 shows an advantageous arrangement according to the invention of a housing development which is constructed on a lower and a higher terrain part 4 and 5 and which consists of multi-storey residential buildings 16 whose substructures 1 are distinguished by vertical hatching.

-9-. 23 '8.1978

WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

are raised, these substructures 1 on foundations 1a (here on plates) rest · The contours of the residential buildings 16 are indicated by vertically dashed contour lines. As is apparent from the figure, the dwellings 16 are band houses, which are arranged in two parallel rows. Between these rows of dwellings, a road 2 is formed for traffic, which runs along the lower part 4 of the terrain. At the height m above the level of the terrain part 4, the level of planing of the higher part of the gelatin is 5 »v / o park area 10 is formed. These parking areas 10 are provided with footpaths 3 '. Under the road 2 for vehicular traffic, a sewage collection channel 7 runs along, in which the supply lines 8 emerging from the individual residential buildings 16 open «

The arrangement according to FIG. 1 clearly reflects the concept according to the invention: the road 2 for vehicular traffic is located on the lower terrain part 4 and the level of the road crown substantially corresponds to that of FIG

Floor line of the substructure 1. On the other side of the terrain, on the higher terrain part 5, however, are the park area 10, which only have footpaths 3 and where there is no regular vehicle traffic / the entrance for fire, rescue, etc., of course, is secured / ,

The difference in level m between the areas 4 and 5 may be appropriately 1.5-2.5 m. By this arrangement, the following can be achieved:

- all city-technical lines and civil engineering works (except for the gravity lines in certain situations) can be accommodated above the groundwater level or

08/23/1978

WP E 02 D / 204 8O4

53 318/24

be built dry;

- due to the lower level of the road 2 for vehicular traffic, the parking areas 10 are better protected from the noise and the exhaust gases than if they were at the same level, this arrangement is so!

- After the substructure 1 can be connected to the road at the same level, it is possible to set up the rooms of the substructure 1 for valuable functions / shops, takeover points of service companies, club rooms, hobbyist workshops, garages, etc., and thereby also the appearance of the buildings becomes more sophisticated}

- The Abwassersammeikanal can be performed relatively high, ¹ because the leads 8 depart from the level of the substructure 1.

In the arrangement of FIG. 2, the tenements 16 are also arranged so that the one longitudinal side of the lower part of the terrain 4, and the other longitudinal side of the higher terrain part 5 is connected. »On the former roads are 2 for vehicle traffic, on the other park areas 10 trained. In this arrangement, a duct-duct system was also provided. The ducts 6 have the same width as the ducts 11 in the substructures 1 of the dwellings 16 and the two are connected to each other at the same level. The ducts 11, the ducts 6, the floor level of the basements and the street crown all have the same Level as the lower part of the terrain 4 · "Below the level of the higher

-11- 23.8.1978

WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24

rural parts 5 16 independent underground garages 12 are formed by the dwellings and embedded in the park area 10 or in the ground can be accommodated municipal building 14 (school, kindergarten, polyclinic, etc.) »So the garages 12 are not covered by groundwater, the insulation problems fall away, the technological drainage can be solved easily and., the construction cost is substantially reduced. Between the parking areas 10, the connection is established by the footpaths 3 and the streets .2 for the vehicle traffic spanning pedestrian bridges 13.

According to the invention, the most diverse housing estate units can be built. In the embodiment of FIG. Y / ohnhäuser 1.6 are arranged U-shaped. The higher terrain part 5 is formed inside this U-shape, and outside is the lower terrain part 4. Embedded in the park area 10 of the terrain part 5 are the communal buildings 14 of the public institutions and the associated underground garages 12, whose arrangements 'can be seen from Figs. 4 and 5 are «

The habitation units of Figure 3 may join each other in various arrangements. FIG. 6 shows a housing estate arrangement consisting of two and FIG. 1 a housing estate arrangement. FIG. 4 shows a schematic plan view of the parked areas 10 of the individual units are connected to each other by the foot bridge spanning bridges 13 and 13 On the lower terrain parts 4 are also streets 2 for vehicle traffic. About the pedestrian bridges 13, the pedestrian traffic between the individual housing estates from ~

20 4 80 4 -12- 23 · 8.1978

WP B 02 D / 204 53 318/24

_wrap} without being convincing traffic driving would immediately cross "If the school, for example, is in one housing estate unit" need the children who live in the other housing development units, not to cross the street 2 for vehicle traffic when in the SCHUMANN Ie go or go home from there. In this way, as is apparent from Figures 6 and 7, the traffic of the vehicles and / or pedestrians was completely separated from each other. ,

In Figs. 8 and 9, the solution according to the invention of the duct-duct connection can be seen. From the figures it can be seen that the floor level b of the duct 11 and duct 6 is substantially at the same level (the floor level of the duct 6 may possibly be slightly lower than that of the duct 11), and this altitude practically at the level of leveling b of the lower part of the terrain 4 is identical. The height of the ducts 11 in the substructures 1 of the dwellings 1ξ> is expedient identical to the height of the substructure 1; the ducts 6 can also be lower * Both the floor of the ducts 6 and the floor of the pipe passages 11 is formed with an inclination χ * At the two ends of the duct 6, when connecting with the Leitunssgängen 11 open collecting channels 6a are formed. As can be seen in FIG. 9, the duct 11 is located on the side of the dwelling house 16 where the higher terrain part 5 adjoins the longitudinal side of the house. FIG. 13 shows the height a of the higher terrain part 5. At least in the vicinity of their connection, the duct β and the dwelling house 16 have the same foundation level *

-13- 23.8.1978

WP E 02 D / 2t) 4 804 53 318/24

Since the ducts β do not have to be founded deeper than the dwellings 16, they can only be covered by groundwater at the most to the extent that the foundations of the dwellings 16 are or they may not fall below the groundwater level ν at all (FIG. 8). Incidentally, the foundation level of the dwellings 16 must anyway be determined as much as possible so that the dwellings 16 can be constructed above the groundwater level v.

Various embodiments of the duct 6 are shown in section in FIGS. As can be seen from these figures, the duct 6 is guided in each case in the area of the terrain jump, parallel to the terrain jump line, ie where the lower terrain part 4 passes through a slope or a wall (level) in the higher terrain part 5 »

In the embodiment of Fig. 10, the technological dewatering of the duct 6 can be solved by gravitational means by the water is passed through a drain line 9 in the sewage collection channel 7, whereby the mechanical lifting is no longer needed. For ventilation of the duct 6 no mechanical ventilation systems are no longer necessary because the terrain training with terrain parts of different heights and the leadership of the duct 6 in the terrain jump line allow that in the vertical wall of the duct 6, on the side of the lower terrain part 4, ventilation openings 17th trained, which can be connected as required with ventilation ducts 18 (Fig. 10), flächen, due to unfavorable circumstances - eg backwater in the sewer collection channel 7 - the duct 6 could not be dewatered, the V / asser on the lower part of terrain 4 out of v / earth »

20 4 80 4 -H-23.8.1978

WP E 02 D / 204 53 318/24

Accordingly, the level of flooding can be limited - for example, in the event of a pipe break - because the water can be discharged via openings 19 and pipes 20. A breakdown can be visually perceived even if all the measuring devices fail.

From the pig. 10, it can also be seen that the higher terrain parts 5 (including the institutions located there) behind the duct 6 gravitationally dehydrated v / earth »The supply channels 8a can be passed under the duct 6 and connected directly to the relatively high deployable Abwassersairanelkanal 7, whereby on the one hand, earthworks can be spared, on the other hand, the lines are most likely not covered by the groundwater.

It should also be mentioned that for the ventilation of the ducts 11 no mechanical means are needed, because built into the wall of the ducts 11, on the side of the higher terrain part 5 »above its level window 21, v / earth can (Fig ) The ventilation of the ducts 11 and the ducts 6 can also be solved by trained in the living rooms 16 fireplaces.

FIGS. 12-14 show further examples of the arrangement of the line channels 6.

In favorable circumstances - i. with suitable terrain inclination and absorption - it is possible 'to accommodate the sewage collection channel 7 in the duct - duct system. That would of course be very favorable both in terms of construction and later operation.

-15- 23.8.1978

⁵ . ^ WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 313/24

If the technical regulations and conditions of the site allow it, the ducts 6 between the dwellings 16 can be omitted. · In such cases, the ducts inside the buildings are routed in the duct 11, and outside the buildings in the ground.

The housing estate arrangement after Pig. 15 was elaborated according to the principles already described in detail. The pedestrian bridges 13 may also be readily adapted to carry non-gravitational conduits and cables that may be suspended on the bridges. It is also possible to arrange the structure so that the non-gravitational engineering conduits are suspended on a support structure specially constructed for this purpose and so be transferred over the deeper terrain parts 4. This solution is particularly in the embossing, if the groundwater level is too high, and the city-technical lines or * the line channels - crossing the road - would have to be conducted in the groundwater, which would cause increased building difficulties and costs "In this case, the nichtgravitativen lines emerging from the duct 6, mounted on this line bridge, so they are transferred over the road 2 for vehicle traffic, of course, heat-insulated and in an aesthetic embodiment ·

Claims (4)

204 80 4 -16- 23.8.1978 WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24 Erfindungsanaprüche Arrangement of city pipelines and civil engineering works in housing estates having residential buildings, in particular banking houses, road (s) for vehicular traffic, parking lots, city-technical lines and, if necessary, communal buildings, characterized in that on one side the residential buildings (16) a terrain part (5) with an i-level (a), on the opposite side of the same dwellings (16) a terrain part (4) with a lower level extends, on the lower terrain part (4), the streets (2) are arranged for vehicle traffic, the level of the street crown is equal to the floor level (b) of the lowest rooms (in the substructure) (1) of the dwellings (16) and at least a part of these spaces is connected to the road (2) for vehicle traffic on the same level -froheren terrain part (5) .The park areas (10) are formed, wherein the terrain parts (4, 5) of different altitude between the neighboring Wohnhä (16) are connected by an artificial terrain jump, expediently by an embankment and / or a wall Arrangement according to item 1, characterized in that in the substructure (1) of the residential buildings (16), on the side of the higher terrain part (5) ducts (11) and between the residential buildings (16), in the region of the connection of the terrain parts (4, 5) different altitude, suitably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the terrain jump line ducts -17- 23.8.1978  »','> ''. * jKTP.E., 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24 (6) are arranged, wherein the floor level (b) of the • eitungskanale (6) and the ducts (11) is substantially identical and corresponds to the level (b) of the lower land part (4). Arrangement according to items 1 or 2, characterized in that the ducts (11) and / or the ducts (6) are secured with a suitable drainage channel (7) and / or in the lower part of the terrain (4) to secure their gravitational drainage ) lines (9, 20) are provided ». 4 «arrangement according to the points 2 or 3, characterized in that the ducts (6) on the side of the lower terrain part (4) the natural ventilation securing openings (17) and optionally ventilation duct (18). Arrangement according to one of the items 1 to 4 », characterized in that the sewage collection channel (7) is guided in favorable conditions of the terrain in the ducts (6) and / or in the ducts (11). 6. Arrangement according to one of the points 2 to 5 »characterized in that at least in the vicinity of the connection of the conduit passage (11) with the duct (6) the dwelling house (16) and the duct (6) has substantially the same Pundamentniveau 7. »Arrangement according to one of the points 1 to 6, characterized in that in the higher Geländete.il (5) under the terrain level storage rooms, especially underground garages (12) are housed, the Pußbodenniveau -18- 23.8.1978 WP E 02 D / 204 804 53 318/24 Conveniently coincides with the level of the road crown of the streets (2) for vehicle traffic. 8. Arrangement according to one of the items 1 to 7 », characterized in that over the lower terrain parts (4) of the vehicle traffic separate pedestrian bridges (13) are arranged. 9 · Arrangement according to one of the items 1 to 8, characterized in that the non-gravitational city-technical lines, cables, etc. are transferred to the pedestrian bridges (13) and / or on übei * bridging Tragage constructions over the lower part of the terrain (4). 10 »arrangement according to one of the items 1 to 9», characterized in that ventilation ducts are installed to secure the ventilation of the ducts (11) and the ducts (6) in the residential buildings (16). 11 »arrangement according to one of the points 1 to 10, characterized in that in the higher terrain part (5) suitably sunk municipal building (14) are arranged. 12. Arrangement according to one of the items 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one housing estate unit which is formed from U-shaped or approximately U-shaped residential buildings (16), suitably from band houses, wherein the higher terrain part (5 ) within, and the lower part of the terrain (4) is outside the area bounded by these dwellings (16). · -19- 23 · 8.1978 WP E 02 D / 204 53 318/24 Arrangement according to item 12, characterized in that several housing estate units are arranged next to each other, between which on the lower part of the terrain (4) the roads (2) are developed for vehicular traffic «; Arrangement according to item 13, characterized in that between the parking areas (10) of the residential settlement units the streets (2) for footbridges (13) spanning vehicle traffic are arranged « 15 * * Arrangement according to one of the items 2 to 14, characterized in that the city-technical lines within the dwelling houses (16) are routed in ducts (11) and between the buildings in the ground » For this k pages drawings