DD141194A1 - METHOD FOR STORING AND RECOVERING WEIGHT AND / OR COSTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for storage and Recovery of heat and / or cold, in the accumulating Excess energy, such as Solar energy, stored and optional can be reused. It is the object and the object of the invention to develop a heat and / or refrigeration storing method with whose help is the surplus incurred at certain times Heat or electric energy in economic form over longer ' Periods can be stored so that an optional call at existing heating and / or cooling demand is made possible. According to the invention the object is achieved by means of a method in which as storage substance calcium chloride or its hexahydrate is used, wherein the heat-storing process by heating of hexahydrate to over 260 ° C, the recovery process by renewed hydration of the resulting calcium chloride takes place. on the other hand the hexahydrate is dissolved in water for cooling and then the water by supplying heat from one of evaporated energy sources again.

Description

Title of the invention

Method for storing and recovering heat and / or cold

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method for storage and recovery of heat and / or cold, in. the resulting energy, such as solar energy, the energy of other low-temperature sources or waste heat sources or temporary excess energy, such as heat generated from night stream, stored and can be optionally reused.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The problem of heat storage and recovery, especially in the use of natural heat sources, such as solar or environmental heat, or other,

Hitherto considered sources of waste heat have become very important in the course of the current development, especially with regard to a rational use of energy. The focus here is on the problem of saving at certain times surplus of energy, especially heat energy, rational and under economic conditions so that it can be optionally recovered or reused at times of increased energy demand or "reduced energy supply", Die Although the most common method in the current development is the use of thermally insulated hot water storage tanks, such systems meet the requirements for storing relatively small amounts of heat over relatively short periods of time, for long-term storage of relatively large amounts of heat, however, the oversized storage volumes and, in particular, the long-term storage requirements for larger amounts of heat relatively high heat losses.

In order to be able to decisively reduce these large volumes, the use of latent and / or transformational heat has been proposed to use various substances. However, the solutions presented could not prevail because of a number of key constituents (too high or too low melting point, too high a price, chemical or toxic aggressiveness of the substances used, etc.). The storage in the ground using existing, natural cavities is possible because of the small number of such suitable cavities only to a very limited extent. Storage of heat exchange systems in deeper layers of the soil also has only a very limited application, especially for cost reasons.

Bs are also known attempts to save energy by certain chemical reactions and cleavages, such as, for example, ITH, or HpO, and if necessary by reversal reactions, for example, by burning the hydrogen, recover again. "This way of energy storage has also yet not led to the desired results, since the required temperature level at which the chemical reaction or cleavage takes place, is too high and thus the ITiedertemperaturwäriae, which is obtained, for example, from Sonnenko.llektoren or other low-temperature heat sources, for an economic use no sufficiently large proportion of the required overall level.

The use of Y / arms from solar energy or other low-temperature heat sources for generating cold is also not yet solved satisfactorily in the current state of the art. Although various solutions, such as, for example, the application of the principle of absorption refrigeration machines have been proposed, no solutions are yet available which sufficiently satisfy the technical and in particular economic requirements to be met. In the Absorbtionskältemaschinen proves, for example, the required high expulsion temperature , generally ÜoeT 150 ⁰ C, as disadvantageous.

Object of the invention

It is an object of the invention to develop a heat and / or refrigeration storing method, with the use of which incurred at certain times excess of'Wärmme- or electrical ». Energy (eg solar energy, especially in the midday hours in summer, electric power in the night, etc.) can be stored in economic form for longer periods so that an optional retrieval is made possible in the present heat and / or cooling demand.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop a method by which the specified goal is realized with a reasonable economic outlay, d. h ,, that neither expensive and expensive storage substances used nor oversized storage volumes or other complex forms of storage are required,

Erfindungsgeraäß this task is solved as follows:

The storage starting substance used is the calcium chloride (CaCl 2) or its hexahydrate (CaCl ₂ .6HpO) which is produced as waste product in the soda production.

The hexahydrate is slowly heated to above 260 C by a suitable heat transfer medium and corresponding heat exchange surfaces. The transport medium itself is appropriately heated by suitable energy supply, with both solar energy and conventional energy (preferably excess energy) being able to be used together as energy sources either individually or in a correspondingly graded manner. The energy of solar radiation is converted into heat in a conventional manner with solar panels, parabolic mirrors, lenses, Sonnenstrahlkonzentratoren or similar devices, Insbesondei'e in multi-stage heating can also be used for the lower stages Hiedertemperatur heat sources whose excess energy is produced as so-called waste heat , A preferred possibility for the use of conventional energy offers, for example, the generally increased in the night hours supply of electrical energy in the form of the so-called night stream,

In a variant in which the temperature level of the ITiedertemperaturwärmequellen used in each case or the temperature level of the heat transfer medium, which, for example. "Is heated by solar radiation using solar panels, below the required Srhitzungstaturatur of about 260 ⁰ C, a second heating stage is applied, in which the Hacherhitzung the starting material up to about 260 ⁰ C using conventional energy sources such as steam, hot water, electricity u, a .. This ITacherhitzung in the second heating stage is in one of the embodiments according to the invention using a transport medium or other Y. / executed ärmetransportverfahren, wherein as a heat source is preferably a part of the heat is used, which is recovered in the manner described below hydration of the calcium chloride. the by slow heating (up to about 260 ⁰ C) reached drainage of the hexahydrate and its Conv Calcium chloride is the actual storage process that stores solar energy, energy from low-temperature heat sources, or excess energy from conventional heat sources. This process is interrupted and continued depending on the availability of the respective energy sources.

The energy accumulated in the storage mass is recovered at the same location (or by transporting the mass to another location) through metered water supply adapted to the heat demand, d. Hydrogenation of calcium chloride (CaCIp) generates the hexahydrate (CaClpöHpO), resulting in a molar heat of 17.4 kcal. Thus, a Kreislaufproseß is completed, in which the starting material is restored, so that a renewed heating or heat storage with subsequent hydration or heat dissipation carried out v / ground.

• Η * Q «Μ

When necessary by cold, the starting material (CaCIpGHpO) is included in another cycle process, in which first a solution of the starting material in water with release of cold (- 4.3 kcal per mole), then the starting material (CaCIpGHpO) by evaporation of the Solution by means of heat from one of the above energy sources wiedergewonrien. Kaitegewinnung takes place here also according to the present requirement by metered water supply, while the evaporation can optionally take place with temporary interruptions according to the availability of the respective energy source "The Ausdunstungstemperaturen.solution lie between 10 and 80 ⁰ C,

embodiment

The invention will be explained in more detail below by means of an example,

To realize a storage process 1 m CaClpöHpO is used. This starting material is slowly up to about

ο 5

260 C heated, with about 1.5 x 10 kcal heat absorbed. As a result of this heating, the water is expelled from the hydrate so that the substance converts to CaCl _0. The energy of the sun rays is sometimes used for the heating and a warming up to 150 C is achieved. The rest of the warming up to more than 2OO C is bivalent secured: either by using 300 C of water vapor, which acts on the starting substance by a heating coil, or by using a portion of the heat in the same hydration of the'CaCIp in another container Time is up. The compound is by a heat transfer medium (oil) and the corresponding. Heat exchange surfaces realized. ':

To realize the heat release from the storage mass (CaGIp), a hydration of the same up to. CaGl ₀ 6H ₀ O carried out

3 5

leads. Ca. 2.5 × 10 kcal of heat is recovered from 1 .m CaCl ₂ / v. The hydration or heat release is metered and adapted to the given heat demand. Mr, all the CaGlp has been converted to CaClp 6HoO, the starting material is provided for subsequent storage or continuation of the cyclic process. ·

The associated image according to FIG. 1 shows the circulation process of a heat-storing and heat-emitting process with regenerative heating of the starting substance. (CaCIp 6HpO) in the temperature range from 120 ⁰ C to 200 ⁰ C.

In the given example, at the beginning of the circulatory process, the starting substance CaClp 6HpO is at 40 C (1). By the energy of the sun's rays and by means of a heat transfer medium, which circulates between the memory and a device for converting the solar radiation into solar cells, the heat q is supplied to the starting substance, so that the CaCl ₂ 6H ₂ O up to 120 ⁰ C. heated (2). From 120 ⁰ C, the starting material by means of regenerative heating q ^

O - ^ eS

heated to approx. 200 C (3) "Regenerative heating is carried out in different stages with the help of heat sports media according to the following equation:

1 2 3y ^ reg ~ ^ reg ^ reg 9 reg

The output stage of the slow heating of the starting material to more than 260 ⁰ C q by means of heat supply, _Λ, of con-

 /> * ii.onv

conventional energy sources and heat transport methods such. As coal combustion, steam boiler, heat exchanger surfaces in the memory and similar executed.

After completion of the dehydration of CaCl ₂ 6H ₂ O two substances calcium chloride (4) and water (5) were formed, which have a temperature above 260 ⁰ C. The water in the water

held heat is advantageously used as q for regenerative heating of the starting substance (eg. In a sequence and / or Paralellstufe). For this purpose, the water is cooled by a heat-transfer medium to 140 C. The remaining heat of the water, for example, from 140 · C to 40 C is from

3 cooling water absorbed, removed and then used as useful heat q> t.

The second substance (the CaCIp), which also has a temperature of about 260 ⁰ C, is cooled by cooling water to, for example, 140 C (6), and q is the heat obtained and q

"Eg reg

is also used for the already described regenerative heating of the starting substance in a sequence or parallel stages.

The third stage is the CaCl ₀ by cooling water further z, B. cooled to 40 ⁰ C (7) and the heat recovered also as useful heat α -. _T used. The main part of Nutzwär- me from the memory q, ·, is formed by the subsequent hydration of CaCl ₂ (?) What essentially the cooled water (8) is used, which was obtained from the already described dewatering of CaCl ₀ 6H _o 0 , After cooling of the CaCl ₂ 6H ₂ O up to 40 C and the removal of the useful heat q ^ ₂ , the starting material is restored to the initial temperature level (1) and the cycle process can begin again.

The following relationships apply:

^q Zu ^{= q} son ^{+ q} conv

^q To ^s . % uz ^{+ q} WV where q, _{1? v are} the heat losses of the system

w 9 -

and .

1 2 3 4

% uz T ^q Uuz ^{+ q} Huz ^{+ q} liuz ^{+ q} Nuz

2 4 In another variant, q is Nuz and q \ _T

i'J ll 2

Heat amounts, which included in the regenerative heating of the starting material, is reduced.

the proportion of q.

The second example shows the utilization of the starting substance CaCl ₂ 6HpO for cooling. In the associated diagram in Pig, shows the starting substance (1) to which according to the present cooling requirement m-parts of water (9) supplied v / earth, in a ratio of about 2 g of water to 1 g of starting material CaCIp 6HpO. As a result, the low temperature is recovered and removed from the system. Thus, in the ideal Pail, about 4.3 kcal per mole. Thereafter, the water-supersaturated starting material is subjected to low-temperature heat, preferably the temperature of the surrounding air or heat derived from the solar energy, so that at the end of this process the starting material (1) is recovered and the cycle can begin anew. ';

Claims (3)

invention claim 1 · Method for storing and recovering heat and / or cold, in which the energy of the sun's rays, the energy of other low temperature and waste heat sources or so-called excess energy from conventional energy sources is stored or reused, characterized in that as the starting material for the implementation of the method the hexahydrate of calcium chloride (CaC ^ oHpO) is used, the starting substance according to the Wärmespeicherungs- or refrigeration demand and according to the non-continuous availability of the surplus energy donating energy sources in an arbitrarily interruptible cycle process of heat storage and optional heat recovery · and / or in a cryogenic circulation process In addition, and in addition to the one cycle process for heat storage, the process of dehydration of the starting material to calcium chloride by slowly heating to above 26O ⁰ C (under the direct and / or concentrated action of solar radiation, the action of other sources of waste heat or by additional or exclusive use of conventional, preferably surplus energy sources) is based, and for the heat release of the process of hydration of calcium chloride under the metered to the respective heat demand for the recovery of the starting substance of the process of evaporation by'entsprechende heat supply of the solution formed during the cooling, which also the heat of the., Is used for the recovery of the starting substance global solar radiation, the ambient heat or the heat of another low-temperature source is used and wherein the evaporation temperatures of the solution between 10 C and 80 ⁰ C are. _, 2. Process for the storage and recovery of heat and / or cold according to item 1, characterized in that during the storage process or, during the dehydration of the starting material, the slow heating to over 26O ° C takes place in two stages, by heating in the first stage using the energy of the sun's rays or a low-temperature heat source up to a temperature of about 6O ⁰ C to 1.50 ⁰ C is performed, and in the second stage, the heating up to about 26O ⁰ C using a portion of the heat in the Process of hydration of calcium chloride is formed takes place. 3. A method for storage and recovery of heat and / or cold according to item 1 and 2, characterized in that a part or the total energy for the 2nd stage of the heating of the starting material to about 26O ⁰ C in a conventional manner by hot water, steam , Electricity and the like. 4. A method for storing and recovering heat and / or refrigeration according to item 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat transfer media for the regenerative heating, the useful heat and the heat supplied successively according to the procedure of points 1 to 3 of the invention claim access to the Starting substance and the calcium chloride and thereby have substantially the same Wärmeaustau, schflächen go through in memory. 5. A method for storing and recovering heat and / or cold according to item 1 to 4, characterized in that the water or water vapor and its heat, which are obtained in the dehydration or heating of the starting material to about 260 ° C, is reused for the plydration and the regeneration of the parent substance. L "pages drawings \ 13 i Ί Ii) .-