CZ9803573A3 - Mechanism for controlling rate of fire - Google Patents

Abstract

Mechanism is created by the rate of automatic fire firing weapons (100) equipped with a movable firing pin) 43) a a hammer (42) for impacting the primer igniter (58) subsequent to locking, respectively. locking the slide (36). Mechanismusje provided with a delay unit (162) which is slidable arranged between a depressed position and a relaxed position. Moving to a depressed position takes place first, relatively high speed while moving to a relaxed position runs at a slower speed.

Description

Mechanism to regulate the rate of fire

Technical field

The invention relates to a mechanism for regulating the rate of fire (cadence) of fully automatic firearms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

According to long experience, automatic firearms have reduced accuracy in fully automatic firing mode. It is the high modene firearms that show such a decrease in accuracy, with continuous shooting. Previously, machine guns, repeating rifles, and machine guns were supplemented with muzzle brakes, special magazines, and other components to improve accuracy.

The basic source of inaccuracy in automatic firearms is the vibration generated by a rapid pulse train, at successive doses. It is characteristic that the longer the shooting, the stronger the vibrations. Only by intensive training can the shooter learn to control the vibration of an automatic firearm to maintain the required accuracy. However, continuous firing more often causes the mouth to rise or move around, so that only the first or second shot actually hits the target area, and all subsequent shots fly high up.

The use of modern lightweight materials in the design of modern automatic firearms has only increased the potential for reduced accuracy. While it is desired to reduce the weight of the firearm for easier handling and carrying, the reduction in weight makes it more prone to trigger pulses, especially with large and powerful rounds into a repeating rifle. As a result, modern light automatic firearms can be difficult to use without intensive training and • ftft · ftftft ftftft

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2-average shooter wastes many shots at the shooting range as he strives to hit the target in the Pinscher automatic shooting mode.

Many modern automatic firearms are characterized by a rate of fire (cadence) above 600 to 700 rounds per minute (RPM). It has been found that such a high cyclical rate of fire significantly adds to inaccuracy. In addition, the high rate of fire causes the shooter to waste ammunition. Only extensive and costly training can the shooter improve his skills in handling such a firearm.

Earlier attempts to reduce fire cycling often involved the use of heavy bolts or long bolt return springs. However, these solutions only made the guns heavier and larger, which is highly undesirable. Other complex and bulky mechanisms have been used in the prior art constructions to reduce the rate of fire (cadence). However, these mechanisms posed problems in the reliability and undesirable increase in the size and weight of the firearm.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,379,677 and 5,485,776 issued to Eaiovega et al. discloses a new teclinic rate control solution, which is incorporated herein by reference. It has been found in these patents that the shutter movement of the automatic firearm can be interrupted within a predetermined period of time, using either a hydraulic delay mechanism or a sliding electrically operated cam. The principles depicted in these patents are generally applied to firearms with a 'non-lockable breech. For firearms with a non-lockable breech, the cartridges are removed from the magazine by the breech and fired by a firing pin projecting from the breech. The firing occurs when the cartridge is fully inserted into the cartridge chamber. After firing, the bolt is retracted by the charge pulse to its rearmost position. The delay mechanism described in these patents engages the breech in its rear position and holds the breech in that position until a preset delay time has elapsed. The bolt is then released again to remove the next cartridge from the cartridge and detonate it.

• · ·

9 999

Figure 1 shows an alternative prior art control mechanism operating on the "lockable bolt" principle. In a firearm with a lockable breech, each cartridge is fed to the cartridge chamber by the breech before firing. In this example, the breech group 30 and the trigger mechanism 32 are used in a well known series of automatic M-16 rifles. However, the principles illustrated are applicable to a wide range of 'lockable bolt' firearms that are operated either by kickback or by gas. The breech assembly 30 comprises a carrier 34 that carries a rotatable linear slide 36 having a series of locking lugs 38. A slide firing pin 43 is provided in the recess of the breech face 40, which is selectively ejected in response to operation of the hammer 42 of the trigger mechanism 32. Fully extended the position of the hammer 42 is shown in dashed lines. It moves in the hollow central recess 45 of the slide carrier 34 for engagement with the firing pin 43. Whenever the cartridge is fired, the gas is directed into the longitudinal gas wedge 44 which causes the slide carrier 34 to return back (in the direction of arrow 46) against spring return 48 and recoil dampers 49. The receiver 34 causes the hammer 42 to reverse against the force of the hammer spring 56. After reaching the farthest position, the return spring 48 pushes the receiver 34 forward and causes the breech 36 to remove the cartridge 58 from the magazine 60 and secure the cartridge 58 in the cartridge chamber 62. 64 engages the oblique guide 66 and rotates the breech 36 as the breech catcher 34 moves forward with respect to the breech to the final forward position of the breech catcher. This rotation causes the locking lugs 38 to engage the lugs 68 of the cartridge chamber 62.

Due to the considerable force of the rifle cartridge 58 in this example, it is generally necessary to lock the bolt 36 against the cartridge chamber 62. Therefore, unlike a weapon with a non-lockable bolt, the firing of the cartridge 58 should occur only after the bolt 36 is locked against the cartridge chamber 62. hence the hammer 42 is delayed by the automatic trigger lever 70, which engages the automatic trigger latch 72 of the hammer 42. The hammer 42 is thus held in the rear position, φφφ φφφ φφφ φφ φφφ

-4φ φ ΦΦ φ · φ φ φ φ

Když φ φ as the slide carrier 34 moves forward. Only when the trigger lever rotates upon engagement of the trigger arm arm 74 and the front stop 76 of the breech catcher 34 can the hammer 42 strike forward into the firing pin 43. At this time, the breech 36 is locked against the cartridge chamber 62 and firing the cartridge 58 safely. when there is a slight delay caused by the automatic trigger lever 70, the firing always occurs within milliseconds when the carrier reaches its final position. The use of a delay mechanism such a delay of forward movement according to the prior art patents described is not desirable in a locking bolt system, since it must be possible for the bolt carrier to slide forward to secure the charge in the cartridge chamber. However, the automatic trigger mechanism 32 of FIG. 1 immediately fires another charge when the breech catcher reaches its final position. Therefore, another technical solution for launch delay must be developed.

The firearm shown in Fig. 1 is a "selective firing" gun. It can be fired either in fully automatic or semi-automatic mode. The receiver 34 always completes the entire motion cycle in a single mode. Overall control of the forward movement of the hammer 42 is performed by the trigger 53. By moving the trigger 53 backward (in the direction of arrow 54) the trigger latch 55 extends out of engagement with the protrusion 57 of the hammer 42. The hammer 42 can thus move freely relative to the trigger 53. in the single-shot mode, the disconnector 59 selectively engages the chasing disengagement protrusion 61 of the hammer 42, so as to prevent more than one shot from being fired. In automatic firing mode, the disconnector 59 is disconnected by the selector 63.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a rate-of-fire (cadence) rate control mechanism that can be used with automatic firearms operating on a lock-bolt principle. The regulation mechanism should be reliable, easy to operate and adaptable to a wide range of lockable breech firearms, including submachine guns, automatic rifles, light machine guns and heavy machine guns. This mechanism should be applicable in conjunction with selective fire (for example

-5ν semi-automatic and fully automatic mode) and should allow "tuning" the rate of fire (cadence) according to the characteristics of each firearm.

This mechanism should also be reliable, stable, compact and lightweight.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above-mentioned disadvantages will be overcome and said targets will reach the rate of fire rate control (cadence), which directly follows the trigger mechanism of the firearms with lockable breech, to delay the forward movement of the hammer into engagement with the firing pin until a preset delay time. A compact, sealed hydraulic delay unit can be used for this delay.

According to one embodiment, the automatic firearm comprises a housing in which a plurality of bolt is slidably mounted. In group conclusion is slidingly mounted firing pin. The breech group may consist of a breech provided with locking lugs and a breech carrier. A hammer is further provided in the housing. It is fixed movably so that it can hit the firing pin when the breech group is close to the foremost position. The automatic firearm is further provided with a beer trigger lever and a second trigger lever. The beer lever may be a trigger lever and the second lever may be an automatic trigger lever or a disconnector. Each lever is operatively connected to the hammer. As used herein, the term " lever " may include any number of mechanisms that are detachably coupled to a movable hammer provided with a (usually) return spring. The first and second levers release the hammer at preset times so that the hammer can move against the firing pin.

The automatic weapon is further provided with a delay unit. It is operatively coupled to at least the first or second lever, wherein shifting the group

-6 In the conclusion, the delay unit moves into the a first position wherein at least the first or second lever maintains the hammer at a certain distance from the firing pin. The delay unit is designed and arranged to move to a second position after a preset delay time for subsequent actuation of the first or second hammer release lever so that the hammer can strike the firing pin.

In one embodiment, a movable cam is coupled to the delay unit.

The cam moves the delay unit to the beer position in response to the retraction of the breech group. The slide carrier may comprise an engagement surface that controls the cam. This engagement surface of the slide may be an inclined platform, which also acts as a engagement surface for the hammer, causing the hammer to move to a rearward position in which it is ready to strike the firing pin. The delay unit according to this embodiment may consist of a sealed hydraulic cylinder provided with a return spring or other damping device which moves in the beer direction by a first speed and which moves in a second, return direction, under a return spring pressure, at a second lower speed. The second lower velocity generates said delay. The breech can be designed and arranged to reverse in response to gas expansion, recoil force or other form of energy.

Further, a third lever formed by the disconnector can be arranged in the housing, which allows only one movement of the hammer each time the trigger is depressed. A selector can be connected to the housing to connect and release the disconnector. A transmission rod may be provided between the cam and the delay unit. Thus, the delay unit may be located at a certain distance from the trigger mechanism, for example, in a magazine or handle of a firearm. The cam may be positioned relative to the first or second trigger lever such that the cam back movement based on the spring unit movement under spring pressure in turn causes the cam to be raised above the first or second lever so that the first or second lever releases the hammer after the desired delay time.

According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of adjusting an automatic firearm to provide a rate of fire control (cadence). The method limits the location of a delay unit having a base and a movable portion, wherein the movable portion 9

9

99

-7 • 9 99

9 9 9

The portion moves in the first direction by the first lychliness and wherein it moves in the second direction at a second lower speed relative to the firearm frame. The shifting at a second lower speed may be due to the internal spring force of the delay unit. The slide is provided with a sliding engagement surface. This engagement surface is displaced in response to displacement of a predetermined portion of the breech group. The engagement ploclia of the breech is connected to the delay unit. The delay unit is coupled to the second release lever, 7 ' this connection can be made by the slide engagement surface itself. Alternatively, this connection may be made by another component. Thus, the displacement of the delay unit selectively engages and releases the second trigger lever from engagement with the hammer, when released, the hammer moves against the firing pin at a predetermined delay time, after moving the breech group to a predetermined position. Such displacement of the delay unit occurs in a second direction, based on an expensive lower feed rate.

Overview of the figure in the drawing

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a firing mechanism with a lockable bolt according to the prior art; FIG. 2 is a partial side sectional view of an automatic firearm having a rate control mechanism; according to one embodiment of the invention shown in a configuration just after firing, Figure 3 is a partial schematic side section ⁷ is shown an automatic firearm, according to Figure 2, arranged on, in which the group of the seal is shifted completely back, ready to cut another cartridge Fig. 4 is a partial side cross-sectional view of the automatic firearm of Fig. 2 in an arrangement in which the breech group has already secured another charge in the cartridge chamber and the release of the hammer to detonate the cartridge is delayed; is in partial bo • · · * ·· ··· • · ·

Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the automatic firearm of Fig. 2, in an arrangement in which the delay time has elapsed and may be fired; 6 is a partial side cross-sectional view of the control mechanism according to the embodiment of FIG. 2; FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the automatic trigger lever and cam of the control mechanism of FIG. 6. FIG. Figure 9 is a schematic side view of the automatic trigger lever and cam of the control mechanism of Figure 6; Figure 10 is a partial side cross-sectional view of an automatic firearm having a firing rate control mechanism according to an alternate embodiment; operating for the first time, FIG. 11 is a partial side sectional view of an automatic firing range Fig. 12 schematically depicts a partial side section of an automatic firearm having a rate-controlling mechanism according to an alternative embodiment; Fig. 13 schematically depicts a partial side section of an automatic firearm having a control mechanism; of a firing rate according to another alternative embodiment, and Fig. 14 is a partial side sectional view of a delay unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An automatic firearm with a built-in rate control mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in detail in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Firearm 100 is a modified version of the well-known type of automatic service rifle M-10. This range of automatic rifles includes the newly developed M-4 carabiner manufactured by Colt Industries for the US government. However, all versions of the M-16 series incorporating certain derivative modifications not produced in the US use a similar operation-based control mechanism

9 99 9 · 9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9

9999999 · · «9 99 99 999 99 ··

A lockable bolt as described with reference to FIG. 1. Therefore, the parts in FIGS. 2 to 5, which are similar to those in FIG. 1, are designated with the same reference numerals. The various springs used in the trigger mechanism 102 have been omitted in Figures 2 to 5 for the sake of clarity, but it should be appreciated that there are springs similar to those described in Figure 1.

The trigger mechanism 102 is mounted in a lower housing 104, which is schematically illustrated. The bottom cover 104 includes a base 106 for attaching a cartridge (not shown) in which a damper tube 108 is received (FIG. 3). A return spring 48 and a recoil absorber 49 are received and guided in the damper tube 108.

In this embodiment, the top cover (not shown) is rotatably mounted at a point in front of the hammer 42 and the cartridge magazine 110 shown in dashed lines in FIG. The rear end of the bottom kiytu 104 is provided with a pin hole 112 for maintaining the top kiytu against the bottom cover 104. The top cover includes a cylindrical hole for guiding the breech carrier 120 forward (to the cartridge chamber) and rearward (to the magazine). As already mentioned, the breech carrier 120 slides back and forth relative to the top cover, and removes the cartridge 58 from the cartridge 110 and feeds it to the cartridge chamber for subsequent firing. The firing is performed by the firing pin 43, which moves forward, and strikes the hub igniter in response to the movement of the hammer 42 under spring pressure. The breech carrier 120 in this embodiment is substantially similar to the untreated carrier of FIG. However, the stopper surface 76 of the breech catch automatic trigger latch of FIG. 1 has moved rearwardly along the breech catch 120 approximately 25.4 mm (1 inch), and the carrier is provided with a new modified stop 124. This new stop 124 creates clearance for the cam 126 of the control mechanism according to the invention and no longer serves as a latch. The operation of the cam 126 is described below.

6, 7, 8 and 9, the automatic trigger lever 128 of this embodiment has also been modified. The trigger lever arm 74 of Figure 1 has been removed (see the removed trigger lever arm 74 shown in dashed line in Figure 9), so that the automatic trigger lever 128 no longer engages the breech catch 120. The rather modified back 130 of the automatic trigger lever 128 now engages

- 10 ftftft ftft ftft ftft ftftftftft ftft ftft with front foot 132 of cam 126. Cam 126 is mounted on a common pivot pin 134 with an automatic trigger lever 128. On each side of the cam 126, an increased surface of a cylindrical "protrusion" 137 (Figs. 7 and 8) may be provided to reduce vibration and create clearance at the automatic trigger lever 128. the automatic trigger lever is removed (except for three turns in this embodiment) to align the cam 126 and the protrusions 137. As shown in detail in FIG. 7, the cam 126 is well cleared relative to the automatic trigger lever 128 and the lower housing located below it. (not shown). One protrusion 137 may be shorter than the shaft to provide clearance for the remaining portion of the automatic trigger lever spring 136. Thus, the breech catch 120 in this embodiment is aligned with the cam 126. The cam may be made of hardened steel and may have a width w of about 9 mm (0.35 inches) in this embodiment. Narrower or wider cams may also be contemplated. The selector 63 remains unchanged so that the automatic trigger lever 128 still responds to the choice of semi-automatic, safety or fully automatic mode, as in the prior art. Also, the disconnector 59 and the trigger 53 still operate according to the prior art. The selector 63 in FIGS. 2-5 has been set to fully automatic mode so that the disconnector 59 is disengaged from the disengaging projection 61 of the hammer 42 when the trigger 53 is depressed rearward (in the direction of arrow 140). Also, when the selector is moved to the automatic position, the automatic trigger lever 128 rotates freely and is disengaged from the automatic trigger latch 72 of the hammer 42 and delays forward movement of the hammer until the slide carrier 120 moves forward to secure the hub 58 in the cartridge chamber.

The cam 126 is pivotally connected to the transmission rod 150, which in this embodiment extends downwardly into the handle 152. A suitable opening may be provided in the lower housing to allow the transmission rod 150 to pass into the handles 1.52. The transmission rod 150 is pivotally connected at the opposite end to the yoke 154, which may be flat or U-defined by a pair of yoke arms 156. Each arm is pivotally connected by a common axle pin 158 to the handle. The yoke 154 reinforces the lever linkage and in some embodiments may be a lever connection. «·· ·· * ··

- II omitted. The yoke 154 and the transmission rod 150 are connected by a common pin 160 to the delay unit 162 according to the invention.

Referring again to Fig. 14, the delay unit 162 consists of a hydraulic piston group 164 sealed positioned (a seal 163) in the housing 166 that selectively allows hydraulic fluid 165 to pass through the piston 168. The sand 168 is biased towards the nudity by the punch 170. provided with a spring loaded (spring 167) check valve 172 so that the upward movement of the piston 168 by the pressure of the spring 170 occurs at a predetermined reduced speed. In one embodiment, a small return hole 174 is provided in the piston 168 to damp the movement of hydraulic fluid from one side of the piston 168 to the other, thereby slowing the speed of nudity. The non-return valve 172 opens a large opening 175 with each piston 168 downward Rapid hydraulic fluid passage, low resistance, for rapid compression. However, the non-return valve 172 closes the large aperture 175 with each upward stroke of the piston, thereby ensuring that hydraulic fluid can only be transferred through a small aperture 174 from one side of the piston 168 to the other, thereby causing increased feed resistance. A suitable delay unit is commercially available from Edenine Incorporated, Orchard Park, New York. In one embodiment, a unit provided with the Enídine model No. SP-20341 may be used. This unit in this embodiment generates a delay time of approximately 0.04 seconds. It has a basic damping force (bias) of approximately 2.7 kg (6 lbs) and a maximum force of approximately 4.53 kg (10 lbs) at full compression. A stroke length of approximately 11.7 mm (0.46 inches) is used. It can operate stably within a temperature range of -54 ° C to + 51 ° C (-40 ^ft F to + 150 ° F) and uses low viscosity silicone hydraulic fluid (approximately 100 centistokes), which is commercially available from Dow Corning Company. It is relatively compact and has a body approximately 61 mm (2.4 inches) long and approximately 19 mm (0.75 inches) in diameter. It is clear that the delay unit of the present invention is compact and lightweight. The term "delay unit" as used herein will generally refer to a compact, self-contained mechanism having a length of about 51 to 102 mm (2-4 inches) or less and a width of about 25.4 mm (1 inch) or less which can be ♦ ♦ · φφφ ·· · • φ

-12 Easy to fit into a commonly shaped firearm with minimal deviations from the kiytu and other parts. Such a "delay unit" has a dimension that does not require the construction of inappropriate protrusions on the firearm and should not have a maximum weight of a few decagrams (ounces) so that the weight of the firearm is not substantially increased.

The delay generated by this delay unit according to this embodiment serves to reduce the firing rate (cadence) of the M-4 carbine from about 850 rounds to about 400 rounds per minute. Using a tactical sound attenuator, back pressure can increase the unregulated rate of fire by a point of over a thousand rounds per minute, and thus this delay unit reduces the proportional rate of fire and produces a controllable rate of fire. In both damped and unsurpassed operation, the controlled rate of fire generated in accordance with the present invention ensures optimum maneuverability while still providing the required amount of fire for this firearm model. This delay unit itself acts in the "tuning" operation of the M-4 and M-16 automatic rifles.

As shown in FIG. 2, a wide range of delay time values can be provided by replaceable delay units. For example, one delay unit may be replaced by another delay unit 162A (according to the double arrow 180), a replaceable base 182 provided with a quick release pin 184 will allow the delay unit 162 to be quickly removed and replaced by a delay unit 162A of similar shape having a different delay time. In addition, replacement units can easily be mounted when. the existing delay unit is defective. It is contemplated that the axle pin 160 at the end of the piston group 164 can also be easily removed. In particular, it is contemplated that an opening in the projection (see, for example, Figs. 10-13) could be arranged directly in the cylindrical shell 166 of the delay unit 162 and 1.62A of a commercial embodiment. It should be noted that the pin 184 also creates a pivot point of the delay unit 162 when the piston group 164 performs a stroke between the expansion and compression positions along the curved path of the yoke 154.

φ φ · φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ

Referring again to Figures 2 to 5, the operation of the rate-of-fire control mechanism of this embodiment will now be described. FIG. 2 shows in detail the position of the receiver eče 20 and the orientation of the trigger mechanism 102 just after the projectile has been fired. The hammer 42 is fully forward and abuts the firing pin 43. The gas was led off by the gas-wheel bolt (44 in Fig. 1) and the bolt group is now beginning to slide back (in the direction of arrow 190 in Fig. 3). At this time, the piston unit 164 of the delay unit 162 is fully extended by the force of the inner spring 170, causing the transmission rod 150 to rotate the cam 126 downwardly to engage the back 130 of the automatic trigger lever 128 that rotates back out of engagement with the hammer latch 72.

The slide carrier 120, as shown in FIG. 3, moved backward (in the direction of arrow 190) and unlocked, respectively. unblocked the bolt 36 from the cartridge chamber (62 in FIG. 1) and ejected the fired cartridge from the top cover (not shown). The lower inclined platform 194 of the front of the breech catch 120 caused the hammer 42 to rotate back (in the direction of the curved arrow 196). The lower inclined platform 194 then engages the cam projection 198 and causes the cam to rotate rearward (in the direction of the curved arrow 200) about the axle pin 134 of the automatic trigger lever 128. With the upper ridge 130 of the automatic trigger lever 128 released from the foot 132 of the cam 126 the lever 128 rotate forward (in the direction of the curved arrow 202) about the axle pin 134 by the spring force (136 in Fig. 7) to engage the automatic trigger latch 72 of the hammer 42. The hammer 42 is locked rearward until the automatic trigger lever 128 is disengaged again. out of shot. Reverse rotation of the cam 126 causes the transmission rod 150 to move downwardly, which transmission rod then pushes down the piston group 164 of the delay unit 162 against the force of the internal spring 170 of the delay unit. Since the check valve 172 of the delay unit is open in this direction, the downward movement of the piston group 164 is relatively fast.

As shown in Fig. 4, the carrier 120 sc now moves freely forward (in the direction of arrow 220) by the force of the recoil dampener 49 and the return spring 48. From the stack φφφ φ

φ φ · · · φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ «

-14 the new cartridge is removed and placed in the cartridge chamber (not shown). Automatic trigger lever 128 would normally be released in this position by the breech catch 120, for relatively instantaneous firing of the cartridge. However, the actuation of the automatic trigger lever 128 is now performed by the cam 126. The delay unit 162 operates such that the piston group 164 moves more slowly up (in the direction of arrow 222) and causes the cam 126 to rotate (in the curved arrow 224) 150. In a few milliseconds, during which the cam 126 rotates forward, the automatic trigger lever 128 engages the automatic trigger latch 72 of the hammer 42, preventing hammer 42 from striking the firing pin 43.

Finally, as shown in Fig. 5, the cam 126 has rotated sufficiently forward so that its shoe 132 engages the upper ridge 130 of the automatic trigger lever 128 and causes the lever 128 (in the direction of the curved arrow 228) to be disengaged and disengaged. This disengagement occurs in this embodiment in the last 1.27 mm (fifty thousandths of an inch) of cam travel 126. The hammer 42 now rotates freely forward (in the direction of the curved arrow 230) by spring force. At this point the hammer 42 strikes the firing pin 43 and the cartridge is detonated. This process continues until all cartridges are fired or the trigger is released again, allowing the trigger latch 55 to engage the trigger protrusion 57 of the hammer 42. The resulting automatic firing achieved in this embodiment is highly manageable, thus allowing rapid shooter training. and ensures that all shooters, without oídedu to the level of their abilities, that their automatic firearm is fine-tuned according to its special handling characteristics.

It should be noted that the additional cushioning force for the slide back of the slide carrier 120 is provided by the cam 126. In one embodiment, a recoil force of approximately 2.7 to 3.2 kg (6-7 lbs) is required to control the speed control mechanism. shooting. Therefore, it may be desirable to reduce the force of the return spring 48, or in particular to increase the impact force of the gas acting on the breech catch 120. Increasing the gas impact force of the M-16 sc series can be accomplished by opening the gas opening (not shown) at the end of the barrel. The exact size of this opening can generally be determined by trial and error, such that the opening is gradually opened until it is opened

Φ Φ ν φφφ φφφ

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ΦΦΦ * φ · φφ · ΦΦ fails to achieve reliable cycling. The exact size of this opening typically depends on the length of the barrel and the specific model of the firearm. For the M-4 carabiner, approximately 0.5 mm (20 mils) opening can be performed.

The transmission rod 150 and the yoke arms 154, as well as the cam 126, may be constructed of a flat steel rod of sufficient strength and hardness to withstand continuous cyclic load stress. As mentioned, hardened steel of thickness 1.6 to 3.2 mm (1/16 to 1/8 inch) according to one embodiment of the invention may be used, and other thicknesses may be considered. Axle pins may be constructed of hard, tool steel or similar durable material.

While the delay unit 162 according to this embodiment is disposed in the handle 152, it is contemplated that the delay unit 1.62 may be disposed at various locations in the firearm. For example, according to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the delay unit may be arranged below the damper tube 108. To accommodate the delay unit 162, a modified reservoir may be provided.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the fire control mechanism of the present embodiment does not affect the operation of the firearm in semi-automatic mode. The cam 126 can still carry the automatic trigger lever 128 into and out of engagement with the automatic trigger pawl 72 of the hammer 42, but the disconnector 59 will actively limit the forward movement of the hammer after each shot until the trigger is released again. In this embodiment, the delay time is typically short enough to allow the cam to move throughout the operating cycle before the trigger can be released. By using a slower delay unit, it is possible to create a firearm in which the semi-automatic mode also exhibits a considerable delay if the next shot is fired too quickly. In such an embodiment, it is required to arrange the detaching protrusion 61 so. so that the disconnector 59 cannot be reconnected after the initial release of the trigger. Rather, the hammer moves slightly upward to engage the automatic trigger lever. It is also possible for a semi-automatic firing to require a double release. See also ··· «· *

It is contemplated that the rate-of-fire mechanism of this embodiment may be used in conjunction with a firing silencer such as a cam disc, which is commonly used in some models of the M-16 series. However, such a firing silencer may not be necessary due to the increased accuracy and lower firing rate of the firearm of the present invention.

While the foregoing embodiment was primarily intended for the M-16 series, the described concept is applicable to a wide range of firearms using a teclinic lockable breech. For all applications is common use two separate lockable, respectively. locking mechanisms to prevent forward hammer movement. The first mechanism is controlled by the trigger, while the second mechanism is controlled by the delay unit of the present invention. Shot of these two lockable, respectively. The hammer locking mechanisms may be accomplished using trigger levers that selectively engage the hammer latch or a similar connection may be used. For example, the delay unit may, in an alternative embodiment, be directly coupled to the disconnector 59 and the automatic trigger lever may be omitted. Such an arrangement is expressly foreseen.

10 and 11, an alternative mechanism for generating firing rate control is shown. The firearm illustrated 300 uses a trigger mechanism 302 according to the Kalashnikov system. The slide carrier 304 is provided with a slide slide 306 that locks with the cartridge chamber (not shown) and slides along a guide rail 308 formed in the housing 310. At the rear end of the slide 306 is a floating firing pin 312. When the slide carrier 304 is in the your foremost locked, respectively. In the locked position, the firing pin 312 is positioned in a position where the hammer 314, which rotates forward by the force of the spring 316., can be impacted. According to prior art, the automatic trigger lever located on the foremost axle pin 318. This automatic trigger lever normally engages with the driver 304 close to its foremost position, thereby releasing the hammer latch 320, thereby allowing the hammer 314 to pivot forward and impact the firing pin 312. As detailed

- 17 · · <

10 and 11, the trigger 322 comprises a retaining trigger lever 324, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The same latch also selectively engages the disconnector 328. This disconnector 328 is normally biased forwardly about the axle pin 330 of the trigger 322. In normal automatic mode, a prior art selector is used to disconnect the disconnector. . However, this kind of selector has been removed, and the disconnector 328 of this embodiment now serves as part of the rate of fire control mechanism. According to this embodiment, a detaching arm 332 extends from the disconnector 328 so that it extends into the rotational path of the cam 334. The cam 334 is in communication with the piston group 336 of the delay unit 338. The delay unit 338 is positioned close to the handle of this embodiment, it may be located directly in the housing 310 or elsewhere in the firearm. It should be noted that a yoke opening 340 is provided directly in the housing 342 of the delay unit 338.

FIG. 10 illustrates the function of the firearm 300 following the firing of a cartridge. It should be noted that the trigger remains depressed (in the direction of arrow 342) so that additional charges are fired automatically. The slide carrier 304 moved backwards causing the hammer 314 to rotate back into engagement with the disconnector 328. The slide carrier 304 continued to slide backward until its rear inclined platform 346 rotated the cam 334 (in the direction of the curved arrow 348) back around its axis 350 Rotational movement of the cam 334 causes the piston group 336 of the delay unit 338 to move down (in the direction of arrow 352) against the force of the inner spring (not shown).

As further illustrated in FIG. 11, the breech catch 304 has moved forward to provide a new cartridge 356 in the cartridge chamber (not shown). After a preset delay, the piston group 336 moved upward (according to arrow 358) by a sufficient distance to rotate the cam 334 (in the direction of the curved arrow 360) into engagement with the disconnecting arm 332. The disconnector 328 thereby rotated (in the direction of the curved arrow 364) around the trigger axis 330 out of engagement with the hammer latch 326 and the hammer 31.4. rotates freely forward (in the direction of the curved arrow '366) and strikes the firing pin 31_2. Operation continues until trigger 322 is released,

May ♦ 9 «· * ·

18, allowing the trigger trigger lever 324 to engage the hammer latch 326. It should be noted that a selector is used herein. Such a selector could operate to break the connection between the cam 334 and the disconnecting arm 332, thereby allowing the disconnector to engage the hammer after each shot. Only when the trigger is released could the latches 326 break the engagement with the disconnector 328 and could engage the hold trigger 324.

Fig. 12c shows an alternative embodiment of the Kalashnikov automatic firearm 370 with a conventional housing 310. Components that are the same as those described in Figures 10 and 11 are numbered equally. In this arrangement, a conventional disconnector 372 is described, which can be engaged and disconnected in response to the rotary selector 374. A shorter disconnector arm 376 is used. This arm 376 engages the selector 374 during a fully automatic operation to slide the disconnector 372 away from the latch. 326 of the hammer 314 when the trigger is depressed. The selector 374 is disengaged from the shortened disconnect arm 376 during semi-automatic operation, allowing the disconnector 372 to engage the hammer latch 326 after each shot. This embodiment is also provided with an automatic trigger lever 378. The automatic trigger lever 378 includes an automatic trigger protrusion 380 arranged to engage the automatic trigger latch 320 of the hammer 314. The trigger lever 378 is rotatably (in the direction of arrow 382) mounted on its axis. In contrast to the prior art automatic trigger lever, the automatic trigger lever 378 of this embodiment includes a shortened lever arm 384 positioned out of engagement with the breech catch 304. According to the prior art, the breech catcher comprises a trigger latch. This latch has been removed or shortened to prevent engagement in this embodiment. Appropriate grooves may be formed in the breech carrier 304 to allow the breech carrier to slide through the trigger lever without interfering with each other. Lever arm 384 automatic trigger lever 37.8. is rotatably coupled to gear lever 388. Gear lever 388 may * · · · *

- Be placed away from the disruptive engagement with the various components of the firing mechanism, and so the slide carrier moves without interfering with each other. It will be appreciated that the transmission lever may be positioned in any position in the housing 310 as long as it transmits a linear force between the cam 390 and the lever arm 384 of the automatic trigger lever 378. The cam 390 as described in FIGS. it rotates about axis 392 so that it engages the rear inclined platform 346 of the breech catch 304. The return movement of the breech catch 304 causes the cam 390 to further rotate the piston group 336. As shown in Fig. 12, the piston group 336 is moved up (in the direction of arrow 394) with a delay that causes the cam 390 to rotate forward. (in the direction of the curved arrow 396) and carries forward the lever arm 384 of the trigger lever 378. The forward movement of the trigger lever 378 causes a corresponding rotational movement (in the direction of the curved arrow · '382' of the trigger lever) '378 thereby extending the trigger projection 380 from the engagement of the automatic trigger pawl 320 of the hammer 314. The hammer 314 now rotates freely forwards (in the direction of the curved arrow 398), thereby allowing the hammer 314 to strike the firing pin 312.

As already described in Embodiment M-16, operation of the Kalashnikov system or other similar systems may require adjustments to the return spring or gas system to produce the additional recoil force necessary to overcome the cam and delay unit forces. The extent of these adjustments depends on the type of firearm and can be carried out gradually (for example, by drilling or cutting), based on trial and error, until appropriate operation is achieved.

Fig. 13 shows another embodiment using a rate-controlling mechanism of the present invention. Shown here is a firearm 400 provided with a Heckler-Koch trigger system 402 (CETME.) The breech group 404 includes a breech carrier 406 and a breech head 408 operating on the delayed return gas flow principle, also known as kickback control. in the breech head 408 are engaged with corresponding recesses in the chamber (not shown), delaying

-20Β Β · Β

Β Β ΒΒ

Β Β Β Β

Β Β Β ·

Reverse feed of the breech head 408 until the hub pressure decreases. ΒΒ ΒΒ · · · I posuv posuv posuv posuv posuv posuv posuv posuv The breech head 408 is then unlocked, respectively. it unlocks, and the breech group 404 moves backward to move over the hammer 412 · The hammer 412 hits the sliding firing pin 414, then, when the breech head has secured the charge in the chamber. The trigger 416 rotates about the axis 418. The trigger lever 420 can be engaged and disengaged from the trigger protrusion 422 of the hammer 412. As shown in detail, the trigger 416 has locked the hammer 412 in the off-fire position. The selector 424 is shown in fully automatic mode, disconnected from the disconnector 426, which in this embodiment remains unchanged. This embodiment is further provided with a modified automatic trigger lever 430. The automatic trigger lever 430 rotates about axis 432. The automatic trigger lever 430 includes a trigger protrusion 434 that engages a corresponding trigger latch 436 of the hammer front 412 Automatic trigger lever 430 according to this embodiment also includes a lever arm 438 that is not engaged with the carrier 406. According to the prior art, the trigger lever arm engages the automatic trigger lever to move it forward when the breech carrier is moved forward to secure the cartridge in the cartridge chamber. This trigger lever arm has been omitted, and the automatic trigger lever is disengaged from the receiver. Conversely, the transmission rod 440 is rotatably coupled to the lever arm 438 of the automatic trigger lever 430. The opposite end of the transmission rod 440 is rotatably coupled to the cam 442 according to this embodiment. This cam 442 is rotatable about axis 444 and communicates with the piston group 446 448. The delay range described in this and other embodiments and created by the delay unit 448 may be adjusted based on the inherent, unregulated firing rate of the firearm and the desired optimum fire rate.

In operation, when the cartridge is fired, the slide carrier 406 moves backward, moves over the hammer 412, rotates it back against the pressure of its spring 450. When the slide carrier 406 further moves backward, it holds the hammer 412 down while reaching the cam 442 rotates φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ

-21 * φ φ · · · φ φ φ

VV φ φ φ φ φ φφ ·· backward about its axis 444 and rotates the automatic trigger lever 430 backward about its axis 432 until the automatic trigger projection 434 engages the automatic latch 436 of the hammer 412. The cam 442 simultaneously compresses the piston group 446 of the delay unit 448. The breech carrier 406 moves rapidly forward, inserting the next cartridge into the cartridge chamber, while the delay unit 448 holds the cam 442 back and only allows it to slowly rotate forward, with a predetermined delay. When the cam 442 has rotated forward (in the direction of the curved arrow 456) a sufficient distance, the transmission cam 440 pushes the automatic trigger lever 4.30 forward (in the direction of arrow 460) and releases it from engagement with the hammer 412. The hammer 412 now rotates freely forward (in 13, with the trigger 416 released (i.e., without firing). However, when the trigger is depressed, the delay cycle will automatically follow each shot fired. As with the other embodiments described, the rate of fire control mechanism of this embodiment is applicable to a wide range of automatic firearms. For example, the Heckler and Koch systems are used almost identically on a wide range of models. The system described in this application is therefore applicable to M5-5 submachine guns equipped with 9 mm, 10 mm cartridge chambers and other pistol calibers, HK 23 light machine guns, IJK 33, HK 53 and G-41 repeater rifles equipped with cartridge chambers. 5.56 mm and light machine guns HK 21 and repeating rifles HK G-3 equipped with 7.62 mm cartridge chambers. However, there is only a parts list. Similarly, the principles described in connection with M-16 are also applicable to M-16 submachine guns, such as the Colt 9 mm carabiner. It should be noted that the Colt 9 mm carabiner contains an unlockable breech group with the breech head fixed to the carrier. Still using a separate hammer and floating firing pin and firing occurs from the position of "lockable bolt" by direct control of recoil. The term "breech group" as used herein should therefore be taken as a group containing a non-lockable breech that is fixed relative to the carrier or

-22 ft ft 9 9

9 ftft * 9 · · 9 9 9 9

99 the "slide" without the carrier, so long that a separate sliding firing pin can be used. As already mentioned, it is desirable to provide a recoil system to provide sufficient recoil force to operate the cam and the delay unit.

As already described, the position of the delay unit 448 may vary depending on the type of firearm. The delay unit 448 may be located, for example, in the handle, and conversely, the delay unit may be located in the cartridge or elsewhere. The shape of the cam and the location of the pivot points should be adjusted to optimize control for a given position of the delay unit.

While the delay unit described is constituted by a hydraulic piston, it is envisaged that other types of delay units according to the invention may be used. For example, a unit that operates on the basis of the pressure of the gas or the friction may be used instead. As used herein, the term &quot; delay unit &quot; should be taken to include any &quot; damping device &quot; that provides adjustable and extended time equalization after initial operation before returning to a given position. It is believed that the "time equalization" is generally greater than the time intended to move the trigger mechanism without such a delay time, and that the time equalization is in particular an optional selection of a suitable delay unit. It is also contemplated that the delay unit may comprise an internal damper or other device that allows for internal variation of the delay time within a predetermined delay time range. In this way, a variable firing rate for a given firearm can be performed.

Some embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above. Various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the inventive idea and scope of the invention. For example, the above principles can be applied to firearms that are not held in hand or to fixed weapons and to high-caliber weapons such as automatic high-speed guns. Similarly, the described firing rate control principles are applicable to a wide range of recoil systems other than those described herein, including a direct return gas flow system without locking the breech. In addition, while the delay unit tt tttt tt tttt tt tttt

-23 is shown with a piston group connected to a cam and a base attached to a firearm, it is assumed that the piston group can be connected to a base and that the base of the delay unit may be coupled to the cam so that the housing of the delay unit is movable. Finally, while the cam is described in detail herein, it can be fitted with a wide range of movable surfaces. In particular, it is envisaged that delay units may be used with other actuators such as lever arms, pressure plates or plungers that correspond to a predetermined displacement of the breech group. Appropriate connections can be made between these actuators and the delay unit, and likewise between the delay unit and the trigger mechanism, to interrupt the movement of the hammer. Therefore, the description is to be taken as an example only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Claims (19)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. An automatic firearm comprising a housing, a breech group movably mounted in a housing, and a firing pin movably mounted in a breech group, a hammer movably mounted in a breech group, designed and arranged to move against a firing pin close to the firing pin; the forward positions of the breech group, of the first trigger lever and the second trigger lever operatively connected to the hammer to release it at predetermined times to move the hammer against the firing pin, wherein at least the first trigger lever or the second trigger lever is coupled to the trigger; further comprising a delay unit associated with at least a beer trigger or an expensive trigger lever, wherein by moving the breech group the delay unit is moved to a first position in which at least the first trigger lever or an expensive trigger lever keeps the hammer away from the thrust to, and wherein the delay unit is constructed and arranged to move into an expensive position after a predetermined time delay, to control at least the first or the second sear sear to release the hammer for its movement against the pin, 2. The automatic firearm of claim 1, wherein the bolt assembly is provided with a bolt carrier and bolt head movably mounted relative to the bolt carrier, the bolt carrier comprising an engagement surface to control the delay unit by moving the bolt carrier. conclusion. 3. The automatic firearm of claim 2, wherein the first trigger lever is a trigger lever coupled to the hammer, and the expensive trigger lever is an automatic trigger lever also coupled to the hammer at a hammer remote from the trigger lever. • φ -25 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4. The automatic firearm of claim 1, wherein the delay unit comprises a hydraulic cylinder provided with a return spring movable in a first direction at a beer speed and movable in a second, opposite direction by a spring force at a second lower speed. 5. The automatic firearm of claim 2, wherein the breech catch is designed and arranged to return in response to gas expansion. 6. The automatic firearm of claim 5, wherein the breech catch is designed and arranged to return in response to the recoil force exerted by the cartridge. 7. The automatic firearm of claim 1, further comprising a disconnector designed and configured to engage the hammer at predetermined times, wherein the disconnector is operatively coupled to the trigger and detached from the hammer in response to the release of the trigger. the disconnector is arranged with the possibility of only one movement of the hammer each time the trigger is pressed. 8. The automatic firearm of claim 7, further comprising a selector movable between a position in which the disconnector is engageable with a hammer and a position in which the disconnector is continuously disconnected from the hammer. 9. The automatic firearm of claim 1, further comprising a delay unit actuator engaging the breech group for the retraction of the breech group and further provided with a coupling device for converting the actuator movement to a shutter group. delay unit movement. 9 9 ·· -2610. The automatic firearm of claim 9, wherein the delay unit actuator is a cam rotatably mounted on the frame, the coupling device being a linear rod transmission rod in response to the cam rotation. • 9 • 9 • 9 9 · 99 ·· • • * t · 9 9,999,999 9 9 9 99 99 An automatic firearm according to claim 10, characterized in that the delay unit is formed by a linear damping device, the free end of which is pivotally attached to the transmission rod and whose base is fixedly attached to the frame. 12. The automatic firearm of claim 11, further comprising a yoke disposed adjacent the end of the transmission rod, on the opposite side to the cam rotatably mounted to the transmission rod. The automatic firearm of claim 12, wherein the damping device comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a piston group, wherein the piston is provided with a return spring to release it in the cylinder, wherein the piston is further arranged to be compressed at a first speed and released at a second, lower speed. 14. The automatic firearm of claim 1, wherein the first trigger lever is a trigger lever and the second trigger lever is an automatic trigger lever pivotally attached to the frame on an axis and slidable into and out of engagement with the hammer, and further is: consisting of a cam rotatably mounted on an axis and operatively connected to the delay unit, with the possibility of moving the delay unit to a first position by moving the cam by reversing the slide, where the cam is movably arranged to engage the automatic trigger lever and move it, from engaging the hammer following a predetermined delay time after moving the delay unit to the second position. -27 • fefe · f · fe · fefe · fefe · fe fefe · fe · f · fe · f · fe · fefe · fefe · fefe fefe fe · fefe · fe feef 15. A method of modifying an automatic firearm to provide a firearm rate control comprising a frame, a slide group with a sliding firing pin, a hammer designed and arranged to move against a firing pin, a trigger lever and a second trigger lever, comprising: by placing in the weapon a delay unit provided with a base and a movable part, wherein the movable part is moved in the beer direction and at a first speed and further moved in the second direction by a second lower velocity relative to the firearm frame; moving in response to moving the predetermined portion of the breech block to move the lag unit to the forward position and engaging the breech surface with the lag unit and coupling the lag unit to the second trigger lever so that the hammer movement occurs while sc releases the hammer to move it against the firing pin, at a predetermined delay time after moving the breech group to a predetermined position in the second direction. 16. The method of claim 15, further removing the trigger latch surface from the breech group and removing the intermeshing trigger latch from the second trigger lever such that the trigger latch surface is disengaged from the second trigger lever during engagement. the whole range of the slide group shift. 17. An automatic firearm consisting of a frame, a rod carrier movably mounted in a frame, comprising a bolt movably mounted in a bolt carrier, a firing pin movably mounted in a bolt, a hammer rotatably mounted in a frame, constructed and arranged to move against the firing pin in the forward position of the breech, wherein the hammer is provided with a trigger protrusion and a second trigger latch, of a trigger rotatably mounted in the frame and provided with a trigger lever for selective engagement with the trigger protrusion; second ♦ φ -28 · φ φ * φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ * * φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ until the breech is close to the foremost position, of a cam pivotally mounted in the frame and operatively coupled to the second trigger lever, wherein the cam is pivotable rearward in response to the rearward movement of the breech carrier and includes a projection for engagement with the second trigger lever in response to rotational movement and further comprising a delay unit operably coupled to the cam, and slidable to a depressed position in response to the backward rotational movement of the cam and further slidable to a released position while simultaneously rotating the cam to engage the trigger lever at a predetermined delay time; to the depressed position. The automatic firearm of claim 17, further comprising a disconnector and selector for operating the disconnector at a predetermined time, wherein the disconnector engages the hammer to restrict movement of the hammer towards the firing pin at predetermined times to achieve a semi-automatic firearm. shooting mode. The automatic firearm of claim 17, wherein the trigger lever is designed and arranged to engage the selector at predetermined times. 20. The automatic firearm of claim 17, wherein the frame is an M-16 series frame, wherein the slide is a M-16 series slide.