CZ8296U1 - Vegetation roof - Google Patents

Description

Vegetation roof

Technical field

The technical solution concerns vegetation roofs and terraces. In technical practice, the term green roof is also used, which refers to roofs with a surface finish.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Vegetation or green roofs are already known from Babylon and Assyria. Surface treatment with greenery or plant growth has many ecological and environmental advantages. However, from the point of view of technical assurance of the proper functioning of the roof, a number of other conditions for their realization must be taken into account during the design, implementation and over the lifetime of the roof.

The composition of the grass roof is again based on the same principles as for all other service roofs. This means that the vegetation stratum is laid on a definitively finished roof cladding finished with waterproofing, or in the case of inverted roofs with a thermal insulation layer. In terms of the basic concept, grass roofs can be divided into two types of greening, extensive and intensive. Extensive roof greenery is based on roof structures that have load-bearing capacity

60 - 300 kg / m ² . This low load capacity makes it possible to use only lower layers of vegetation substrates (clay density approx. 1700 kg / m ³ ) and only a specific assortment of greenery is planted, which also requires almost no maintenance. These are hardy, low-growing plants, which are mainly perennials, alpine plants and xerophilous plants, which tolerate extreme conditions and are able to survive even periods of prolonged heat, drought and frost. Irrigation is not planned for extensive greening.

In more detail, extensive vegetation can be differentiated according to the thickness of the vegetation substrate:

a) 3-6 cm (for moss and pre-grown grass carpets),

b) 6-15 cm (for rock gardens and planted grass directly on the roof),

c) 15-20 cm (in addition also selected creeping trees).

Intensive roof greenery is based on roof structures that have a load capacity of up to 1000 kg / m ² and more, so larger amounts of soil (up to 1-1.3 m) can be used. This type of greenery already allows a normal stay on the roof, and the compositional principles of designing such a roof are almost no different from the principles of building gardens on a natural soil profile on the ground. The range of flowers, shrubs, low trees, but also palm trees, which can be applied under intensive greenery, is very wide. In the case of intensive types of greening, artificial irrigation systems are also used in most cases.

Usually, the individual layers of the vegetation stack are arranged as follows: separation and expansion layer, drainage layer, layer of pebbles, expanded clay, glued large balls of EPS or spatial loop mat, filter layer - fabrics and nonwovens of synthetic textiles,

- thinner mineral or glass mats, hydro-accumulation layer - peat, etc.

The actual vegetation layer itself consists of up to 9 layers, which are applied to the external surface of the roof cladding.

Existing roof grassing systems are disadvantageous in that they place high demands on cost and effort in implementation. It is also necessary to maintain more or less greenery, depending on the type of greening. This

However, it is partially compensated by zero maintenance of the waterproofing, but static reinforcement of the load-bearing roof structure must be carried out. Furthermore, it is absolutely necessary to perfectly perform waterproofing layers, including details (penetrations, etc.), because the additional repair is then associated with the removal of vegetation strata, which is a very laborious and costly activity. A significant number of layers in the vegetation layer is a potential cause of a number of failures.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned deficiencies are remedied to a large extent by the vegetation roof according to the technical solution, which consists in the fact that on the layer consisting of waterproofing resistant to root penetration, separation and expansion layer, drainage layer and possibly filtration layer . Mineral wool is used as the basis of the new vegetation layer, which allows to replace several layers in the existing compositions of grass roofs, namely the vegetation substrate with soil, the accumulation and filtration layer and under certain conditions also the drainage layer. At the same time, this layer of mineral wool with a thickness of 100 mm and a density of 80-100kg.m ' ³ positively affects the climate in summer and winter periods of the spaces located under such a roof. In addition, mineral wool without the use of a thick layer of soil or substrate allows the hydroponic greening of the roof, especially by drought-free and self-regenerating plant species. With technical support, both cultivation methods are possible, ie extensive or intensive.

Picture in the drawing

The technical solution will be described in more detail by means of the figure which shows a section through the vegetation roof according to this solution.

Example of technical solution

The picture shows the composition of the strata to create a vegetation roof according to the technical solution. A waterproofing 2, which is resistant to root penetration, is placed on the base roof cladding I. This is usually a foil or asphalt strip. On this waterproofing 2 a separating layer 3 is laid, which at the same time serves as a dilatation layer, which is usually formed by a suitable geotextile. The drainage layer 4 is usually formed as a molded part and a filter layer 5 may or may not be applied thereto. So far the composition of the stacks corresponds to current practice. In contrast to the previous practice, where a pebble layer and a hydroaccumulation layer with soil are laid in which the vegetation 7 is then embedded, in the proposed solution the mineral wool is deposited on the drainage layer 4 or the filter layer 5, if used. 7. The advantages of the newly proposed arrangement are obvious. They are:

- relatively low purchase price,

- lower construction effort, assembly can be made of mineral wool components or rolls,

- significantly lower stack weight approx. 10-15 kg.m ' ² in dry state,

- contributes to better thermal and technical stability in summer or winter in roofed rooms,

- mineral wool resists UV radiation,

- enables hydroponic greening of the roof,

- the vegetation can be planted in advance on the tiles and then placed on the roof,

- in case of any failure in the stack it is possible to remove the required mineral wool part or replace it with a new mineral wool part.

-2EN 8296 Ul

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the mineral wool allows for greening even at higher roof slopes - the mineral mats do not slip and no particles are washed away like clay. Mineral wool also cannot damage the waterproofing of the corner walls; on the contrary, it acts as a protective layer. It can separate the gravel strip at the walls and edges to protect the waterproofing.

Claims (1)

. 5 Claims for protection Vegetation roof, wherein a layer consisting of a waterproofing resistant to root penetration, a separation and expansion layer, a drainage layer and possibly a filter layer is deposited on the roof bearing structure, characterized in that a mineral wool layer (6) is deposited on the above mentioned layers for immediate planting of vegetation (7).