CZ66393A3 - Process of quarrying a rock or the like material - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method of breaking hard dense material such as rock or concrete in the area to be broken a pre-drilled hole (12) is inserted into said hole (12) solid material to its bottom, and the filling is encountered a force large enough to cause it to fill will transmit impact by hydraulic action on sides a the bottom of said hole (12) for spreading material surrounding said hole (12).

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for breaking a rock or the like in a manner in which large pieces of such material are removed.

The prior art teohnikv zpuso;

z and m v r t and asm and put in them a set of explosive bombs and blast 'rocks. In addition to the noise, flying fragments of rock and debris in drilling and traction technology are relatively unpredictable, and often this technology brings additional costs. Another method is coring, in which a hole in the form of a cylindrical sleeve is drilled and then inserted into a sheathed hole where impact is applied to attempt to center the core of the solid material.

tools breakage However, it is common for tools to get stuck in a hole, or the core breaks into many small pieces, making the removal of the pieces uncomfortable.

will be time consuming and

^R Patentcvv file describes TECHNOLOGY liquid and is then inserted tanning bore closely as possible above the water, the effect of impact forces, such as the liquid imparts force over a spray There is a practical .nezeni need to seal the water at the side Any leaks reduce substantially no 5 9 9 wiiinř 8 2 2 i27o drilled holes with water do not use other plungers designed for work, whereupon the plunger is hammered. The transfer of the pressure to the wall and the breakage of the method relative to the wall between the plunger and the hole causes the pressure exerted in the liquid.

The patent describes a method similar to a pre-drilled hole then rushes into the hole at r second

No. 988,027, issued Oct. 26, 1976, to the aforesaid in that it is a hydraulic fluid. Piston at speeds up to a few seven meters behind the shock impacting fluid and cracks due to tensile stresses generated by the train. However, such procedures are not applicable holes that are not vertical. In addition, a fast-moving piston of potentialization poses a risk to the user.

ro se

U.S. Patent No. 3,507,540, issued April 21, 1970, uses expandable seals filled with pressurized hydraulic fluid. Drill a circular channel or notch and possibly also a central hole. The seal is stored on bottom ··· -Λ. / - ^ days i ï · ν - · the fluid pressure increases until the core becomes thin. Alternatively, a pair of seals may be deposited in a circular channel at diametrically opposed positions and the pressure then allowed to rise until breakage occurs. The process of U.S. Pat. No. 3,507,540 requires pumps, a tank, and piping leading from the pump to the seal and back. In addition, there are limits to the forces that the seal walls can withstand without breaking.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for breaking rock. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for breaking and removing large pieces of rock or other similar materials. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of rock fracture which is simpler, more reliable and less costly than the aforementioned prior art methods.

The essence of the invention

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of hard compacted material, such as rock or concrete, which has a pre-drilled hole in the area to be broken, in which an external solid fill is placed in the bottom of the hole, dcs large to cause the cartridge to be hydraulically transmitted to the sides and bottom of said expansion of the material surrounding said lire.

breaks and breakdowns in o r o

Suitably, the outer packing is and the bore is cylindrical in length being approximately equal to the bore diameter.

Advantageously, the impact force is sufficient to exceed the permanent deformation limit of the cartridge material and for at least the upper portion of said cartridge to flow.

It can drill an annular notch when using a ring-

a drill bit that surrounds the core hole rocks y before inserting the outer charge and hit the top of dad n E and «I filling at least a substantial portion of the core hunted the notch and transverse direction of the bottom of the hole reclames and releases

from the underlying structure.

The outer packing may be a malleable solid material. A pin extending at least from the hole of the hole down to the top of the cartridge when fully inserted may be used, said pin consisting of a material harder than the cartridge and sized to fit tightly into the hole.

An inner cartridge may be inserted between the outer cartridge and the hole, which may be of a material harder than the outer cartridge

The invention further relates to an apparatus of a hard continuous material, such as a rock, through a hole formed in the region of the material, comprising a pack of solid material having adapted to the inner surface of the hole, and relieving said pack when it is inserted into it. that the force is exerted on the sides and the bottom of said holes ^{in the} beam.

for breaking or cement to be broken, the outer surface of the tools for impacting and making impact imaging. tuhl

The hinge pin of ν.-mhii material cited in FIG

It contains i. 1 .a · \ Ϊ λ ~ somewhat

Other novel features of the invention are set forth in the claims.

The disclosed method and apparatus provide a reliable, simple and predictable method and apparatus for creating rock fractures. The method and apparatus allow relatively convenient handling of inexpensive excavation in rock or cement with difficult limited positions, coreing of such materials or processing of large slabs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rock formation showing an annular notch and a central hole with a billet filling and a pin inserted in the hole; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rock formation showing a pusher and a collapsed cartridge assembly; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rock formation with a plurality of holes and a pin and bolt in one of the holes; Fig. 6 is a plan view of a rock formation with a plurality of holes lying in a row in which a quarry is formed in the plane joining the holes according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; 8 shows a perspective view, partly in section ⁷ , of a well according to the preferred method according to the invention, FIG Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a rock formation showing the use of a plurality of separate balls as a fill material instead of a single block where a pin is used to compress the balls and form a fill block directly in place in the hole; 1 in a rock formation showing an annular cut and a central hole with a cartridge and a pin inserted in the hole, and FIG. 11 is a partially sectional view of a drill and a drill bit with a partial center drill bit and an annular drill bit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a rock formation 11 with an annular notch 10 and a central hole 12 cut using a drill 66 (Fig. 11) provided with a drill bit 61 consisting of an annular drill bit 62 and a central drill bit 60 where the central drill bit drills deep substantially equal to the depth of the notch 10. A hole in the shape of a cylindrical block 16 of aluminum is inserted into the hole 12 at its bottom;

coincident with its diameter and with a diameter of some hole diameter 12. It is not important whether or not the filling block is tight in the hole. Further, a long pin 14 is inserted into the hole until it contacts the pin 14. The tolerance of the pin 14 is such that it is approximately less than it engages that its diameter may be 5 to 10 holes 12.

smaller than the average

Finally, as shown in FIG. 2, a high impact force is exerted vertically on top of the pin 14, so that an impact force is applied to the packed block 16 that exceeds the permanent deformation limit of the packed block in at least its upper region. The filling block then acts as a hydraulic fluid and transmits pressure to the side walls of the hole 12. The high viscosity of the pdii and the malvent passage around the pin 14 prevents significant pressure reduction due to leakage of particles. The pressure generated by decelerating the pin over a very long distance, which may be of the order of one millimeter, is transmitted as the pressure against the side of the hole 12 in the region of the packed block 16. There will be some extrusion of the packed block 16 of the non-short side of the pin 14, but due to the viscosity of the material, when it is significantly reduced the impact relatively high extrusion, this leak will not be passed to the side hole 12.

In most cases, the impact device (not shown) acting on the pin 14 has to develop only a relatively low speed in the range of a single foundation even meters per second, as in. Refill block Ir i>;

receive several impacts before the rock i a p r 1o 1 a ·. r j cep 14 monet breaks. If s>

-6 develops a sufficiently large impact, the core ro, breaks in the transverse plane 20 at its base. The ointment can also break vertically, leaving only relatively small pieces of rock that can be easily removed later. In the above manner, large rock cores can be removed without tearing or difficult work when attempting to break the core from the annular notch 10 of the chisel or the like. If the packed log 16 only slides freely into the hole 12, it will expand radially after impact until it touches the side wall. holes 12, whereupon further impacts cause the rock to break.

FIG. 3 shows a rock formation in cross-section with a pin 14 inserted into a hole 12 and touching an outer packing block 30 of relatively hard but malleable material. The outer packing block 30 rests on the inner packing block 29 of a much softer material. The outer packing block 30 may be of copper or aluminum, while the inner packing block 29 may be of oloba or even of rubber. Impact on the pin 2a results in transverse pressure being applied against the sides of the hole 12 along the entire length of the block 29. By making the inner packed block 29 lengthy, there is a tendency to stretch the formation along a vertical plane. The function of the outer packing block 30 is to seal the material of the inner packing block 29 and to prevent pressure loss by leaking the material of the inner packing block 29 upward on the sides of the hole in the impact. The outer packing block 30 has a reduced tendency to escape between the sides of the block 30 and the hole 12 due to its higher viscosity upon impact.

Another application of the invention is shown in Figure 4, in which a group of holes 22 are drilled in a rock formation. Thereafter, the rock breaks using the block 16 and the pin 14 in a plane transverse to the holes 22 in their base, as in FIG. If the holes 22 lie in a straight line as in FIG. 5, and an arrangement as in FIG. 3 is used, sweats are formed in a plane passing through the longitudinal axes of the holes. However, if there is a grouping

6 as shown in Figure 6, a shorter inner packed block arrangement may be used to create transverse fractures 26 as in Figure 4, while adjacent holes are captured in the region close to the bottom of the respective holes as well as the fractures 36 passing through the holes in perpendicular directions, these adjacent holes of direction until they become

Further use of this procedure extends the plane of fracture in the transverse release of large rock sections from the storage formation and may be

Obviously, there are many possible choices of filler block materials, such as various plastics and harder metals such as iron and steel. The preferred choice of material depends both on the length of the pressure-bearing hole and on the properties of the material to be broken.

Fig. 7 illustrates how a group of holes drilled horizontally as in Fig. 6 can be used to excavate a foundation pit at a point where tearing is unacceptable; first, a vertical excavation is performed in a limited area, excavated into the desired depth. Thereafter, the trench is expanded by drilling and hitting a group of horizontal drill holes until the edges of the pit are deducted.

Another application of the invention is shown in Fig. 8, where parallel rows of holes 34 are drilled into a rock bench 31 formed on the rock wall 3 3. Such a bench 31 is formed after several boards have been removed from the bench 31. iiorn:

ovn .. · proonaz-η i oy ”o

Uaίicim:

gout. Composite packed block like scia;

- for the effects of a crash, or both along them sento arfv · ¹ ~ 3 not only in a transverse plane, a set of holes parallelogram oiiznosti -eiiO oh! 34 and 34 is subjected to the courting in FIG.

All of the nose lures have resulted in breaks 34, but melting in the plane passing through 32 and 34, respectively. A resulting plate is formed which is reliably delimited by planes guided by two sets of holes 22 and 22. 4.

Giant. 9 shows an alternative method of breaking the rock using individual pieces of packing material, in this case in the form of balls 50. A pin 14 is used to compress the balls into a packed block defined by the dimensions of the hole 12. Further ramming into the block formed in this way results in the ramming of the rock formation.

Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, this description is not intended to be limiting. Various variations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the claims cover all such variations or embodiments falling within the scope of the invention.

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Claims (17)

/ lórrun-v ritibč PCttob / li.h {) A method of breaking a metallurgical material, such as rock or concrete, which has a pre-drilled hole in the area to be broken, in which a solid material charge is inserted into said hole. the bottom thereof, and said cartridge is hammered with a force large enough to cause the cartridge to impart hydraulic impact to the sides and bottom of said hole for spreading material occluding said hole. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said hole and said filling are cylindrical. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the length of said cartridge is approximately equal to its diameter. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the impact force is sufficient to exceed the permanent deformation limit of the cartridge material and to cause at least the top of said cartridge to flow. According to the claim, the boring of the annular notch surrounds the hole to a depth approximately equal to the depth of the hole before inserting the cartridge and impinges on the top of the cartridge such that at least a substantial portion of the core delimited by the notch and transversely of the lying formation. nás n 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a malleable solid material. mentioned i rt '· h. and 1 at least Method according to claim 1, orsabujici CEP zaomaj: the opening of said hole down to ^T 'RCN tvedené the filling nozzles is fully inserted, said pin composed of mateři- i. <) Struction harder than the filling, and is dimensioned so as to retract said dírv. tightly Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling is in the form of pieces of material. .im that stated 9. A method of breaking a rigid dense material such as rock or concrete, ii having a hole drilled in a rim, wherein the inner charge is first inserted and then the outer charge is inserted into said hole at the bottom thereof, both charges being of a rigid material and said outer filler being of a harder material than said inner filler, and impacting said outer filler with a force large enough to cause any internal and external fillers to be impacted by hydraulic action on the sides and bottom of said hole causing breakage of the material surrounding said hole. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the inner and outer packings are of a malleable solid material. 11. A method of breaking a solid continuous material of “3 pl filled solid material, further inserting a pin into the hole, which snugly engages in said hole and extends from the outside to the top of said cartridge, and striking said pin with a force bravely large It is claimed that said filling increases the impact by hydraulic action on the stand and the bottom of said hole. L I. '· ´ ° dΠV Π O cylindrical to ρ o holes by breaking the material surrounding the hole. nem vwrtava annular cut oedstate so tax, so that after hitting the mentioned filling · taáiv: the inside of said notch but? , of e se o r i middle with ? p π ΐ r r n a ni dr o materi- ň v rovine ncu - lirou v -11 level approximately the bottom of said hole. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said filling is cylindrical with an outer surface substantially corresponding to the inner surface of the hole. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said filling is in the form of individual pieces, which ρο are impacted into a piece whose shape is defined by the shape of said hole. 15. A method of breaking a hard continuous material such as rock and cement, in which a hole is drilled into said material, said inner cylindrical filler is inserted into said hole, and then said outer cylindrical filler, said fillers being of solid material and said inner filler being longer. than said outer filler and has a substantially lower permanent deformation limit than said outer filler, said pin is further inserted with a pin which snaps tightly into the hole ⁷ and extends downwardly therefrom towards the top of said outer filler, and said pin hammering with a force large enough to cause at least a portion of said MV to impact by hydraulic action on the holes and thereby break the material of the filler material will be exposed and the bottom indicated surrounding said hole. 16. A method of breaking a hard continuous material not rock and cement in which r0 ' listed O f d · '! t ei á ¹ n melts more holes in advance ₇ vci eriém ro ΖΓΊ i o? 5 * ni, do of these holes made inserts p evné confused him - - 1 and i , d o k. and 2 of these holes inserts vel i 1'O S knows who i * 5 Síý o e s ηì *.? DC listed holes and who kill á z ? <í: · u Ť The said filling and uveoe n \ ·· c n 3 Γ force d tangent in 1 kcu t. čmu. that. me bii - transmits - .- ⁴ n r. and · ') Γ 3. 0 ·. i k ui ical effect to the parties and dm: Ca - C e -and holes i <3 longer and shifts the material surrounding the hole. -12the holes are inserted first The bones <t- .3 in τι close ho souvi s lého material as e in the above material you vr- elected Deployment to every internal cartridge and then at lower whereas external cartridge than Yippee internal diluted holes inserts Č3p V 3 1 í - o state ry · ·· - • s * ^y: T s V''b há 3 For example, their externally downward to the top of the pivot is impacted with a force large enough to cause the inner and outer packs to impart hydraulic impact to the sides and bottom of the hole and break the material surrounding the hole. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said hole arrangement comprises a first set of vertically oriented plurality of holes arranged in a line and a second set of horizontally oriented plurality of holes arranged in a line and terminated near the bottom of said first set of holes so that after impact, said material breaks in the vertical plane through the vertically crunched holes and in the refractory plane introducing an anvc axial guided filling A device for breaking a hard continuous material, such as rock or cement, with a hole formed in the area of the material to be broken, comprising a solid material charge having an outer surface adapted to the inner surface of the hole, and the impacting means is inserted into said hole. it imparts an impact force to the sides and the bottom of the hole by its impact. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said impact means comprises an elongate pin of material harder than the cartridge extending from the top at the top. - 13 cartridges to a point outside said hole. 21. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said filler material is a solid malleable material. A device for breaking a hard dense material such as rock or cement, comprising a drill having a central drill tip and an annular drill tip for forming a central hole and an annular notch concentric downwardly through said hole approximately to the depth of said hole; a malleable material capable of being shaped after impact so as to be prizousooii to the inner surface of a hole drilled by said central drill bit; an elongated pin of substantially the same diameter as said central drill bit and extending from the top of said material when placed at the bottom of said central hole to a point outside said hole; and means for impacting said pin with a force sufficient to exceed the permanent deformation limit of said material and to transmit impact pressure to the side of said bore to break said material.