CZ449U1 - Mixture for sintered building element - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution concerns a mixture for a sintered building element, especially intended for the production of cladding tiles, floor coverings, etc., based on silicon dioxide or silicates.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The materials used so far in the construction industry, such as lining or flooring building elements, are both naturally minimally modified materials and materials obtained from these natural raw materials, eg ceramic products.

Natural materials such as marl, sandstone, marble are used as tiles. Their surfaces are treated by grinding or polishing. Recently, however, these materials have been replaced by imitations.

The production of ceramic products for tiling is based on the shaping and heat treatment of powder systems, the firing temperatures usually being in the range of 1000 to 1700 ° C, depending on the type of ceramic. The mixtures for their preparation usually form a well-formable mass with water, which is shaped in various known ways and is solidified and compacted by heat.

E.g. in MS. A.O. No. 212,423 discloses a process for making baked glazed tiles using a clay or clay-based ceramic composition containing 20 to 80 wt. % clay or clay to 20 to 80 wt. % of power fly ash. In this case, kaolinitic or illitic or montmorillonite clays are used, and power ashes which have a wt. concentration up to 2% carbon in single or double-fired firing. The process for the production of these tiles consists in grinding said raw materials and subsequent drying.

The present invention solves the replacement of quality clays and clays, which are increasingly scarce and economically valuable materials.

Standard ceramic binder materials such as various combinations of kaolin or clays that are sharpened with, for example, ground quartz or fireclay, and flux such as feldspar, pegmatite, phonolite, dolomite and limestone, and and so on.

High quality kaolinitic, white-burning clays must not contain any impurities, they must have the lowest content of coloring oxides with minimum amount of combustible substances. Clays must. be at least moderately refractory but sinter »»

- 2 at low temperature. This production consumes a relatively large amount of energy.

Obtained tiles are usually glazed. A number of glazing processes are known, e.g. A.O. 173 159, 248 488 as well as a number of solutions dealing with the composition of these glazes, e.g. A.O. 173 160.

The essence of the technical solution

A new type of building element, in particular cladding tiles, floor coverings, etc., based on silicates, is prepared from the hair according to this technical solution, which is characterized in that the mixture contains 30 to 70 spikes. parts of ground glass shards with a grain size of less than 2 mm, 70 to 30 wt. parts of grit having a grain size of less than 2 nm and a maximum of 10 wt. binder parts.

It is preferred that the slag be silicates, especially sands, slags, feldspars, and the like.

It is further preferred that the binder is water-insoluble or water-miscible and comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, starch and aqueous. glass.

It is also preferred that the cullet is colored.

The main advantage of this technical solution is to obtain a new type of product of unconventional appearance and properties, meeting the MS. and European standards. The composition of the mixture allows the use of waste cullet both from glass production and from the collection of glass waste and glass, with the use of cullet different color shades can be achieved without the use of additional coloring agents. Glass cullet functions as a flux, that is, it forms a melt during firing and enables sintering or sintering of the mixture. The sanding material, especially based on silicate, reduces shrinkage during drying and firing and increases the hardness and strength of the product obtained. The binder positively affects the handling ability of the mixture and acts as a binder in the mixture. Optimal ranges of individual components of the mixture and their choice were chosen on the basis of long-term experimental tests, whose purpose was to evaluate waste materials, especially glass cullet. Another advantage is that the composition of the mixture makes it possible to utilize a sintering or sintering technology which takes place at substantially lower temperatures than the tern in the production of fired ceramic products. The surface of products can be treated by grinding, glazing and listering.

at low temperature. This production consumes a relatively large amount of energy.

Obtained tiles are usually glazed. A number of glazing processes are known, e.g. A.O. 173 159, 248 488 as well as a number of solutions dealing with the composition of these glazes, e.g. A.O. 173 160.

The essence of the technical solution

A new type of building element, in particular cladding tiles, floor coverings, etc., based on silicates, is prepared from the hair according to this technical solution, which consists in that the mixture contains 30 to 70 wt. parts of ground glass shards with a grain size of less than 2 mm, 70 to 30 wt. parts of grit having a grain size of less than 2 mm and a maximum of 10 wt. binder parts.

It is preferred that the slag be silicates, especially sands, slags, feldspars, and the like.

It is further preferred that the binder is water-insoluble or water-miscible and comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, carbamic acid, starch and aqueous. glass.

It is also preferred that the cullet is colored.

The main advantage of this technical solution is to obtain a new type of product of unconventional appearance and properties, meeting the MS. and European standards. The composition of the mixture allows the use of waste cullet both from glass production and from the collection of glass waste and glass, with the use of cullet different color shades can be achieved without the use of other coloring additives. Glass cullet fulfills the function of flux, that is, the firing run forms a melt and allows the sintering or sintering of the mixture. The sanding, especially silicate-based, reduces shrinkage during drying and firing and increases the hardness and strength of the product obtained. In addition, through the sintering or sintering technology, the product acquires a natural character and appearance. The binder positively affects the handling ability of the mixture and acts as a binder in the mixture. Optimal ranges of individual components of the mixture and their choice were chosen on the basis of long-term experimental tests, the purpose of which was to evaluate waste materials, especially glass cullet. Another advantage is that the composition of the mixture makes it possible to utilize a sintering or sintering technology which takes place at substantially lower temperatures than the tern in the production of fired ceramic products. The surface of products can be treated by grinding, glazing and listering.

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- 3 Examples of technical solution

Example 1

The mixture was prepared from 50 wt. parts of glass sand with a maximum grain size of 0.8 mm and 50 wt. parts of glass amber shards with a maximum grain size of 1.00 nm. This mixture was mixed with 5 wt. parts of a 10% aqueous solution of a plasticized vinyl acetate / dibutyl maleate copolymer.

The mixture was cold pressed, dried and subjected to a sintered heat treatment at about 940 ° C. The baked tiles had an absorbency value of 5 to 10% and resembled sandstone in appearance.

AND

Example2 _t

The snow was prepared from 40 wt. parts of glass sand with a maximum grain size of 1.00 nm and 50 wt. parts of glass white shards with a maximum grain size of 1.00 nm. This mixture was mixed with 5 wt. parts of a 3% aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose. After blending, the mixture was cold pressed into 105 x 160 irm tiles. After drying, the preform was sintered at a temperature of about 910 ° C. The baked tiles were glazed with various types of glazes, such as lead, lead-free, transparent, opaque, etc., as needed, and were baked again at temperatures corresponding to the type of glaze. The surface treatment with glaze allows to expand the color assortment of products and also to change the surface of the tile. A smooth surface is less polluted, easier to maintain, and also reduces the absorbency of the product surface.

Example3

From a mixture containing 50 wt. 0.5 parts by weight of glass sand as an agglomerate with a grain size of not more than 0.5 mm, 50 parts by weight of ground glass cullet with a particle size of max. Tiles of 225 x 240 mm were cold pressed in parts of a 10 percent aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol as binder. The tiles deposited on cordierite plates were spontaneously dried for 24 hours and sintered in a kiln oven at 950 ° C for 30 minutes. The cooling was carried out spontaneously. Burned tiles had the following characteristics (measured according to ČSN and EN):

density 2043 - 2215 kg.m, water absorption (boiling) 0,70 - 3,00%, frost-resistance of more than 50 cycles, resistance to sudden temperature changes over 200 ° C, mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion for temperatures from 20 to 300 9.13 - 9.46 .10-6K-1 ·

- 4 mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion for temperatures up to 100 ° C 8.27 - 8.71.10 ⁶ .K ^_1 , acid resistance 99.85 - 99.73%, which is at least 92.00% for ceramic tiles, resistance to alkali 96,50 - 95,33%, mean specific heat capacity 684 J.kg ^-1 .K ^-1 , thermal conductivity coefficient 1,12 W.m ''' ^I ' .K '\ Mohs 8 hardness, abrasion 0 , 72 - 1.02 irm, for ceramic tiles maximum 2.00 mm and flexural tensile strength 11 - 14 MPa.

Industrial applicability

The technical solution is applicable in building and architecture, especially as a building element such as tiles for use in interiors and exteriors, as well as floor coverings, etc.

Claims (4)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. Sinter for a sintered building element, in particular for the production of facing tiles, floor coverings, etc., based on silicon dioxide or mercurates, characterized in that it contains: 30 to 70 wt. parts of ground glass shards with a grain size of less than 2rrm, 70 to 30 wt. parts of sanding with a grain size of less than 2 mm and a maximum of 10 wt. binder parts. r) £ r-iPi, ý 2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the three axes are silicates, in particular sands, slags, feldspars and the like. 3. A salt according to claim 1, wherein the binder is highly water-miscible and comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyeltylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, starch and waterglass. 4. Tolerance according to claim 1, characterized in that the cullet is colored.