CZ37472U1 - A disinfectant - Google Patents

Description

Disinfectant

Field of technology

This technical solution concerns the area - a disinfectant, which is intended for the disinfection and protection of cattle hooves, in the form of a concentrate, containing a quaternary ammonium compound (KAS) with a broad-spectrum effect, both against microbes, viruses, as well as fungi and fungi (bactericidal , virucidal and fungicidal) and at the same time the preparation acts as a detergent (cleaning agent), according to the official opinion of the European Agency ECHA etc. (see articles 1 and 2).

The preparation is intended for animal production, while it is a professional disinfection and cleaning, see the detergent substance that is included in the disinfection, including copper sulfate and treating lemon essential oil.

Current state of the art

Cattle (cows, sheep, goats and horses) often suffer from hoof disease, mainly due to viral or bacterial inflammation between the hoof or toe, which is extremely painful and causes lameness or difficulty moving, leading to the animal stopping intake of food and further leads to a decrease in milk production especially in cows. As a result of this disease caused by disease-carrying microorganisms, they cause heavy losses to breeders as the pathogens are transmissible from one animal to another.

The inflammations are manifested mainly by abscesses between the hooves, they are very painful and cause extreme sensitivity to the touch, which makes local treatment of inflamed areas very difficult, especially when antibiotics are applied to the skin. As a result, the only possible treatment is the administration of antibiotics by the oral route. Unfortunately, it is found that such treatment is less and less effective, which is due to the increasing resistance of pathogens in dirt to various antibiotics.

Both older and current methods involve running the animals to be treated through hoof baths, which usually consist of highly concentrated solutions of formaldehyde combined with copper sulfate. They generally contain up to 10% formaldehyde and approximately 2% copper sulfate. In such solutions, the formaldehyde acts as a disinfectant, while the copper sulfate acts to strengthen the animals' hooves so that they are less sensitive to the physical and mechanical stimuli that result from the hardness of the surface on which they are placed.

However, such baths turned out to be unsatisfactory. In fact, they smell and at the same time are very irritating to the skin due to the high concentration of formaldehyde. However, the main disadvantage of these well-known medicinal baths is related to insufficient microbicidal activity. Formaldehyde preferentially reacts with organic residues at the expense of a competitive reaction in the destruction of pathogens and is therefore ineffective very quickly.

Formaldehyde, which is the simplest of all aldehydes and is highly cytotoxic, is currently widely used in hoof baths. Its use is associated with environmental exposure hazards that have been well documented (formaldehyde is a substance that is widely regarded as a hazardous contaminant that has been shown to be carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and is classified as Group 1 ). In addition, zinc sulfate is also used, which is a mild disinfectant and helps to harden the horn of cattle.

As already mentioned, a major disadvantage of formaldehyde is the danger from environmental exposure. That is its other disadvantage when using cattle hoof baths is the subsequent difficult solubility in water with environmental impacts.

- 1 CZ 37472 U1

Infectious lesions of the hoof - Digital dermatitis is an infectious skin disease commonly found in the interdigital cleft of the foot, commonly found in herds of dairy cows and other cattle.

When the skin of a cow's leg is damaged by mechanical irritation, maceration with water and chemicals, a synergistic group of bacteria can invade the disrupted skin barrier and create acute inflammation and infection of the dermis and epidermis. It presents in various stages from painful, bright red, ulcerated skin lesions to less painful, gray-black circular granulomatous skin lesions.

In this case, the choice of disinfectant leads to effective prevention and reduction of infection pressure on cattle hooves and thus helps to reduce the prevalence of the disease. Foot baths are a preventive measure that should be used regularly (approx. 2 times a day), which is necessary to minimize the occurrence of active painful lesions.

It must also be noted that significant economic losses are caused by lameness, due to treatment costs, reduced milk production, reduced reproductive performance and increased animal culling. The incidence of lameness has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years.

The disinfectant should reach the bacteria, which are often deep in the tissues. To control the spread of the disease, measures related to the herd, such as foot and hoof baths, hoof pads, etc., are necessary.

The milking parlor is a high-traffic area, so it should be disinfected twice a day, before milking in the morning and before milking in the evening, so that the disinfectant can work throughout the milking period to ensure that all pathogens are destroyed. Surfaces in stables should also be cleaned regularly to prevent pathogens from multiplying in this frequented area.

As the milking parlor is cleaned every day, it should be the same for the milking parlor equipment (buckets, feeders and drinkers also need to be disinfected afterwards and then rinsed).

The hands of employees who are in direct contact with cattle (cows) and equipment can also be a carrier of pathogens. Based on the above reasons, rapid action with a broad spectrum of effectiveness is a desired feature of a disinfectant used for employee hand hygiene.

Resistance to various bacteria, viruses and fungi is currently a very big problem in the field of disinfectants. Therefore, it is generally possible to talk about newly emerging very strong (resistant) strains of bacteria, at the same time also about a relatively significant amount of resistant viruses and very resistant fungi (fungi release their spores into the air and they get into the respiratory tract).

Currently, disinfectants with a strong detergent effect, based on quaternary ammonium compounds (KAS), are gradually being promoted, due to their bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and other effects, where didecyl-dimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) shows a wide spectrum of action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also fungicidal (phytopathogenic - fungi, bacteria), has an effect on algae, among other things, and at the same time has a high detergent (cleaning) efficiency.

Didecyl-dimethylammonium chloride is a cationic surfactant containing 50% active quaternary ammonium compounds, which is used as a biocide, fungicide, algicide and also as an insecticide, strong detergent and acaracid, see article 1 - ECHAF.

It is a quaternary ammonium compound DDAC, used as an antiseptic disinfectant and at the same time as a detergent.

- 2 CZ 37472 U1

What is very important about DDAC is that it causes disruption of intermolecular interactions and dissociation of lipid bilayers.

Bacteriostatic activity (prevents growth) or bactericidal activity (kills microorganisms), depending on the concentration of DDAC and simultaneously on the growth phase of the microbial population.

As for the quaternary ammonium compound contained in this disinfectant, i.e. DDAC (ionic compound), it is odorless. In the given concentration (table below), this preparation has a fundamental effect against microorganisms and bacteria, including enveloped viruses, i.e. it is bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal with strong detergent properties.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a compound with the chemical formula (CioH ₂ i) ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ NCl, used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, fungicide, emulsifier, catalyst and antistatic agent (detergent), see Article 1 ECHA.

As already mentioned, the surfactant DDAC shows a broad spectrum of activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as enveloped bacteria, and also against viruses such as hepatitis B and HIV.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also an insecticide for use in biocidal products and also has acaricidal and algicidal effects, see Article 2.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used, e.g. as disinfectants with very good effectiveness against resistant strains of viruses, bacteria and at the same time also fungi and also effectiveness as a muscocide, see ECHA.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a broad-spectrum biocide against bacteria, viruses and fungi and can also be used as a laundry disinfectant, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels and industries. It is also used in gynecology, surgery, ophthalmology, paediatrics, OT and for sterilization of surgical instruments, endoscopes and last but not least as surface disinfection, see ECHA opinion.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used, e.g. as surfactants or antistatic agents, etc. So they are used everywhere where protection against microbial infection is required and where virucidal, fungicidal (or algicidal) protection with a cleaning (detergent) effect is required.

The use of DDAC is possible, for example, in healthcare, social services, animal production, where disinfection of surfaces and surfaces is commonly used, then, for example, in the food industry during the production and preparation of any food and beverages (including storage areas) and, of course, in epidemic situations, namely both on areas and surfaces, as well as in the form of fogging - spray (so-called spatial disinfection).

At the same time, didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a typical quaternary ammonium biocide for recirculating cooling water systems, as well as for indoor and outdoor hard surfaces, dishes, laundry, carpets, swimming pools. It is also used for agricultural premises and equipment, food storage premises and equipment and commercial, institutional and industrial premises and equipment, see ECHA opinion.

Article 1

ECHA - EUROPEAN CHEMICAL AGENCY

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride

Source: httpsi//echa.europa.eu/cs/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.027.751 (Citation - We are the European Chemicals Agency, an EU agency. We implement legal regulations

- 3 CZ 37472 U1

EU on chemicals to protect your health and the environment. Our work also contributes to the proper functioning of the EU internal market and supports the innovation and competitiveness of the European chemical industry.)

This substance (DDAC) is registered under REACH and is manufactured or imported into the European Economic Area in quantities of > 100 to < 1,000 tonnes per year. This substance is used by consumers, professional workers (extended use), in formulation or repackaging, in industrial plants and in manufacturing.

Biocidal use:

This substance is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland for: human hygiene, disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animal feed, wood preservation. This substance is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland for: product preservation, building materials preservation, liquid systems preservation, slime control.

Consumer use:

This substance is used in the following products: biocides (eg disinfectants, pest control products), washing and cleaning products, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.

Further release of this substance into the environment is likely to occur from: internal use as excipient and external use as excipient.

Battery life:

ECHA has no publicly registered data on the routes by which this substance is most likely to be released into the environment. ECHA has no publicly registered data indicating whether or into which objects the substance may have been processed.

Widely used by professional workers:

This substance is used in the following products: biocides (eg disinfectants, pest control products), washing and cleaning products, plant protection products and water treatment chemicals.

This substance is used in the following areas: mining and quarrying. This substance is used to make: chemicals.

Further releases of this substance into the environment are likely to occur during: indoor use (eg washing liquids/detergents in washing machines, car care products, paints and coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or Repackaging:

This substance is used in the following products: biocides (eg disinfectants, pest control products), detergents and cleaners, water treatment chemicals, polishes and waxes, pH regulators and water treatment products, air care products, chemicals for dyes, paper and cosmetics and personal care products.

Release of this substance into the environment may occur during industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

- 4 CZ 37472 U1

Use in industrial areas:

This substance is used in the following products: biocides (eg, disinfectants, pest control products), detergents and cleaners, plant protection products, water treatment chemicals, and oil and gas exploration or production products.

Article 2

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Source: https://www.wikiwand.com/cs/Didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical formula (CioH ₂ i) ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ NCl, used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, fungicide, emulsifier, catalyst and antistatic agent (detergent).

DDAC is a versatile and widely used biocide. It has fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal effects. For example, it is used in horticulture to decontaminate tables and tools in greenhouses. DDAC is a product approved by the European Union for plant protection - however, it can be used (as a bactericide, fungicide, herbicide and algicide) only in an indoor environment on ornamental plants.

DDAC is also used in wood preservatives and generally in anti-algae products. The use of DDAC in biocidal products of type 16 (molluscicides) and type 18 (insecticides, acaricides and preparations to control other arthropods) has been authorized in the EU since January 2008.

However, by the decision of the European Commission, DDAC was not included in the list of permitted substances for the use of type 13 (preservatives for liquids used in metalworking), because no one showed interest in taking the role of a participant in the DDAC review program for the given type of product within the specified period. DDAC is also used in many household and healthcare cleaning and disinfecting products. In the field of cosmetics, it can be used in hair conditioners because it is well absorbed and has antistatic effects.

Article 3

Antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus against clinically important bacteria

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918520300238

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a herb belonging to the Gramineae family and is widely used in tropical countries, especially in Southeast Asia (Shah et al., 2011).

It is generally consumed in various forms such as curry, soup or even tea in various cuisines around the world including Vietnam, Thailand and Southeast Asia (Nambiar and Matela, 2012).

In addition to its general use in food, extensive studies of C. citratus as a potential therapeutic agent are underway. Manvitha & Bidya (2014) discussed various pharmacological activities of C. citratus such as antifungal, anti-amoebic, anti-diarrhoeal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-filarial properties (Manvitha and Bidya, 2014). Lemongrass essential oil has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth of many different bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and gram-negative bacteria (Sharma et al., 2013).

Article 4

Copper and quaternary ammonium cations show synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity.

Source: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00203-08

Copper and quaternary ammonium cations show synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity. Biofilms are slimy clumps of microbes that are responsible for many chronic infections as well as contamination of clinical and industrial environments.

- 5 CZ 37472 U1

A method of treating the feet or hooves of animals used for breeding, which are kept in cattle farms and especially dairy cattle.

The method is characterized by the fact that, in the first stage, the legs or hooves of the animals are cleaned with water or a detergent containing soap or surfactants using an automatic spray system to remove all traces of excrement, especially manure or other impurities such as straw, and then in the second stage pre-cleaned feet or hooves are treated with a disinfectant by soaking or spraying, followed by the removal of biofilms such as slimy clumps of microbes that are likely responsible for many chronic infections as well as environmental contamination.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen that is well known for its ability to form biofilms that are resistant to many different antimicrobial treatments. We have developed a high-throughput method for testing combinations of antimicrobials for synergistic activity against biofilms, including those formed by P. aeruginosa. This approach was used to search for changes in biofilm sensitivity to different biocides when these substances were combined with metal ions. This process identified Cu2+ acts synergistically with quaternary ammonium compounds - QAC; namely benzalkonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, myristalkonium chloride and Polycide to destroy P. Aeruginosa biofilms.

In some cases, the addition of Cu and QAC resulted in a 128-fold reduction in the minimum biofilm bactericidal concentration compared to single agent treatment. In combination, these substances retained broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that also eradicated biofilms of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Cholerasuis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. To investigate the mechanism of action, isothermal titration calorimetry was used to show that Cu 2+ and QAC do not interact in aqueous solutions, suggesting that each substance exhibits microbiological toxicity through independent biochemical pathways. In addition, Cu 2+ and QAC, both alone and in combination, reduced the activity of nitrate reductases, enzymes that are important for normal biofilm growth. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that Cu 2+ and QAC are effective antimicrobial combinations that can be used to eradicate bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial cell membranes are sites of QAC toxicity, and these cationic agents are generally thought to have a target site on the cytosolic membrane. QAC likely acts on the phospholipid components of the membrane, causing membrane deformation, leakage of intracellular low molecular weight material, and disruption of the proton motive force. This toxicity model is supported by evidence that P. aeruginosa can change its membrane fatty acid composition in response to QAC exposure. In contrast, Cu2+ is an electrophile that probably exhibits microbiological toxicity through several biochemical pathways simultaneously. This includes autocatalytic generation of ROS via Fenton-type chemistry, oxidation of cellular protein thiols, and displacement of similar transition metal ions (e.g., Fe 3+ ) from binding sites of other biomolecules. In all these cases, Cu2+ adversely alters the normal biological function of cellular macromolecules. This study also suggests that both Cu 2+ and QAC negatively affect P. aeruginosa by reducing nitrate, and this could also be a mechanism of toxicity to biofilms. Determining whether this effect is due to changes in gene expression or direct inhibition of cytosolic or membrane-bound NRs is a logical direction for future research. Although the discovery of the synergy between Cu2+ and QAC is a new agent for biofilm disinfection, these compounds have been used in combination in the forestry industry for more than 15 years.

Ammoniacal quaternary copper (ACQ) is a combination of copper oxide (CuO) with the QAC didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), which has been used as a fungicidal and insecticidal wood preservative since the early 1990s. ACQ is considered environmentally friendly, and it is estimated that in 1996, 454,000 kg of DDAC was released into the environment in British Columbia, Canada for this purpose alone. The synergy between Cu 2+ and QAC described in this study may explain the effectiveness of ACQ as a wood preservative.

- 6 CZ 37472 U1

Furthermore, it suggests that ACQ, as well as other Cu-QAC combinations, can be successfully applied to treat biofilms in a wide variety of other environments where surface-associated microbial growth is undesirable or harmful.

The essence of the technical solution

The essence of the technical solution is a disinfectant (formaldehyde-free), which quickly becomes effective against pathogens and other organic impurities in the therapeutic bath (for cattle litters) thanks to the detergent. It concerns the field of animal production, for the disinfection of hooves and calloused skin of the hooves of dairy cattle (cows), horses and also sheep, in the form of so-called blasting of the hooves with pressurized water - disinfection. At the same time, this disinfectant is also suitable for tools used to cut the hooves of farm animals (trimming tools) - hoof trimmers, hoof knives, hoof repair scissors, etc.

The subject of this technical solution is a disinfectant (in the form of a concentrate) with a detergent effect, the basic component of which is didecyldimethylammonium chloride (CioH ₂ i) ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ NCl - DDAC (KAS), which can be used against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungus - mold, and is also intended for disinfection of technological equipment - e.g. for thorough removal of deposits in equipment for liquid feeding, drinking water lines and for spraying using fogging nozzles in mixing vessels and tanks for service water with subsequent rinsing, which is important for prevention of the spread of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms.

It is a form of concentrate, containing a quaternary ammonium compound (KAS), with a broad-spectrum effect, both against microbes, viruses, as well as fungi and fungi (bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal) and at the same time the disinfectant acts as a detergent (cleaning agent), and according to the official opinion of the European Agency ECHA - Article 1 DDAC.

Another substance is copper sulfate, which allows high absorption of copper ions into the hoof structure at a low concentration, which is a very important factor for cattle hooves, given that copper creates so-called irreversible bonds in the horn structure of cattle hooves.

Furthermore, an auxiliary substance - propan-2-ol (detergent) is used, which helps to clean the nail, and at the same time this detergent helps to absorb copper. This means that this preparation contains a detergent component - propan-2-ol (isopropyl), which also has a strong detergent (cleansing) effect on deposits and limescale, which this detergent component removes.

Newer anionic (nonionic) surfactants (so-called natural detergents) include essential oil from Cymbopogon Citratus, which serves as a bactericidal combination with DDAC, which has a bactericidal, virucidal, sporicidal and fungicidal effect. Our disinfectant uses this bio (natural) substance - Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass). This means that this disinfectant and cleaner with natural essential oil is characterized by the fact that it uses this substance, which also has antibacterial and antifungal properties.

The main ingredient in lemongrass is lemonal or citral, which has anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties, is anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial and anti-fungal.

The presented technical solution aims to eliminate the inappropriate method of treating the hooves of breeding animals with older types of disinfectants (especially formaldehyde) in cattle - dairy cows, kept in a stable, while this method is effective enough to solve the above-mentioned problems, various types of hoof inflammation in animals and relaxing the hoof area without irritating the skin and at the same time without damaging the environment.

On the basis of this technical solution, in the first stage, the animals' hooves are cleaned using an automatic machine

- 7 CZ 37472 U1 of the spray system with water that contains a surface-active substance (water), while removing traces of excrement, especially manure or other impurities, for example from litter, after which the previously cleaned hooves of the animals are treated in the second phase by automatic spraying (or by manual application using a brush, with a small volume of animals) with a disinfectant.

Such application/cleaning should primarily be carried out automatically (manual cleaning is also possible, which is not desirable due to the time requirement). The treatment is therefore suitable once, but usually twice a day, before milking in the morning and before milking in the evening, so that the disinfectant can work throughout the milking period to ensure the destruction of all pathogens.

Advantages of using a disinfectant:

• It is a product with a strong disinfecting effect, which also has a strong cleaning effect, thanks to propan-2-ol (isopropyl - detergent), which also has degreasing capabilities and removes moisture, thus keeping the cattle horn clean and flexible.

• Disinfection solution for cattle, horses and sheep (spraying with pressurized water), for the disinfection of hoof nails and calloused skin, with the disinfecting effect of DDAC and with the so-called hardening of the hoofs, see copper, and at the same time the medicinal product - DDAC and natural lemon essential oil.

• The form of approx. 2% copper sulfate allows high absorption of copper ions into the hoof structure at a low concentration, which is important for the hardening of the hoof horn. Copper sulfate is widely used in disinfection as a fungicide.

• The excipient propan-2-ol (detergent) helps to clean the nail and thus greatly aids the absorption of copper.

• Thanks to lemon grass, the formation of a healthy and strong cornea occurs. Cattle hooves are thus more resistant to damage and without infection problems • Safe use - does not contain formaldehyde, which has irritating effects on mucous membranes and also has carcinogenic effects on humans (the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde on animals has been proven - by the International Agency for Research on Cancer).

• The possibility of using the product also on trimming tools for cattle hooves (in the form of a spray - for hoof knives, scissors, tongs, rasps, for cleaning washing tubs, at the same time it can be used, for example, on drinkers and feeding troughs for cattle, with subsequent rinsing with water).

• Environmentally friendly, does not contain antibiotics, acids or the unpleasant smell of formaldehyde.

• Optimum viscosity - good fluidity of the product prevents clogging of nozzles of automatic systems.

• For use in automatic (robotic) sprayers, including manual use - brush application.

The area of the preventive range of use of disinfection associated with the detergent effect:

• Dermatitis digitalis - finger skin inflammation.

• Foot ulcers - disease of the corneal capsule.

• Treatment of coronary band injuries and abscesses.

• Panaritium - the initial stage of rot (purulent inflammation of the hoof).

• White line disease - this manifests itself as a separation of the horn of the wall and the foot in the white line (White line disease - WLD). It is often a mixed fungal and bacterial infection that is characterized by a series of cracks that appear in the non-pigmented inner wall of the hoof.

- 8 CZ 37472 UI

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC, liquid): (CioHiiXCHsjiNCI

It is an antiseptic disinfectant that is used in this biocidal (detergent) application, which causes disruption of intermolecular interactions and dissociation of lipid bilayers, thereby increasing the virucidal and bactericidal effectiveness of the product."

As for bacteria, the cation attracts the negatively charged cell membrane of the microorganism, which is disrupted in contact with it, in the case of a virus, it destroys the viral capsule.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a fourth-generation quaternary ammonium compound that belongs to the group of cationic surfactants that disrupt intermolecular bonds and cause disruption of the lipid bilayer.

This product has several biocidal applications. In addition to these applications, DDAC is sometimes used as a plant enhancer. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used to disinfect surfaces such as floors, walls, tables, equipment, etc., as well as to disinfect water, in various applications in the food, beverage, dairy, poultry and pharmaceutical industries. DDAC is an effective disinfectant also used in animal production, healthcare and the environment.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (KAS), which belong to the class of cationic surfactants, have high bactericidal and surface-active properties for both animal production and food industry (food and beverage production, etc.). This liquid concentrated disinfectant is intended for professional use in all the above-mentioned facilities.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC)

DDAC disinfection (based on KAS - quaternary ammonium compounds) is not only effective - it can remove fungi, bacteria and viruses from the premises, but at the same time it protects the treated surfaces from the re-emergence of fungi and also has a cleaning effect.

For this purpose, this disinfectant composition for cattle hooves was developed - concentrate 1:100 (disinfectant, solution), the essence of which is that it contains the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride and other auxiliary substances.

Propan-2-ol (isopropyl, liquid): C3H8O

Furthermore, the preparation includes propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol - detergent) with the chemical formula C3H8O. It is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol where the alcohol carbon is bonded to two other carbons. Propan-2-ol is an isomer of propyl alcohol with antibacterial properties, at the same time propan-2-ol acts as a detergent cleaner-degreaser, i.e. it has very good cleaning and degreasing abilities and removes moisture.

-9CZ 37472 UI

It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. Isopropyl alcohol is used, for example, in the cosmetics industry or in pharmacy (as an antiseptic).

It has the function of a preservative and a solvent. It is used as a cleaner and degreaser. Like acetone, it dissolves a wide variety of non-polar compounds. It is relatively non-toxic and evaporates quickly. Therefore, it is widely used as a solvent and as a cleaning agent to dissolve lipophilic contaminants, for example - disinfection, oils, alkaloids, gums and resins, deicing agent for liquid fuels and dehydrating agent, sterilization, etc.

This means that this disinfectant with a significant detergent effect can also be used as a cleaning agent, which contains the main disinfectant component DDAC - a quaternary ammonium compound, a so-called non-ionic surfactant and propan-2-ol with a strong detergent (cleansing) effect .

Cymbopogon citratus: Lemongrass (liquid natural essential oil)

Newer anionic (nonionic) surfactants (so-called natural detergents) include essential oil from Cymbopogon Citratus, which serves as a bactericidal combination with DDAC, which has a bactericidal, virucidal, sporicidal and fungicidal effect.

According to in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils, lemon oil is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent (Khunkitti, 2010). It is a natural biocide (and also herbicide) for use as a disinfectant.

Lemongrass essential oil has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth of many different bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRŠE), and gram-negative bacteria (Sharma et al., 2013).

This liquid natural essential oil has strong antibacterial and antifungal properties. The main component of lemongrass is lemonal or citral, which also has antifungal and antimicrobial properties and at the same time provides a subtle lemon scent. That is, it is also anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial and antifungal. This essential oil is also used as a natural herbicide.

INGREDIENTS: INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients): 100% Cymbopogon citratus*, citral (geranial, neral)**, to a lesser extent linalool**, iso-eugenol**, limonene**, citronellol** * ingredients from organic agriculture (herbicide) ** natural components of essential oils (according to the 7th amendment of the European directive on cosmetic products (2003/15/EC)

Lemongrass essential oil also has antimicrobial and antibacterial properties that help fight infections caused by various pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli. Essential oils naturally contain citral, geraniol, nerol, limonene and linalool

- 10CZ 37472 UI flavonoids acting as antioxidants and containing a high amount of vitamin A, as well as vitamins Bl, B2, B3, B5, B6 and C. It is a source of minerals such as manganese, copper, potassium, calcium or magnesium. They also contain so-called phenolic compounds such as luteolin, glycosides, quercetin, kaempferol, elimicin, catechol. It also contains chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid.

Important are the anti-inflammatory properties of lemongrass essential oil (primarily due to the citral it contains), which was demonstrated in a 2014 study conducted on mice with paw and ear edema. As an antiseptic, it prevents the development and growth of viruses, bacteria and fungi in the body. Citral and geraniol contained in Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) have a bactericidal effect and eliminate the development of fungi. At the same time, they form a protective barrier against viruses and thus make it possible to slow down their progression and stop them as quickly as possible. Citral effectively targets the Herpes virus.

When tested in a study on the US National Library of Medicine website, Cymbopogon citratus essential oil was found to incapacitate 15 of 22 strains of bacteria tested and was successful in killing all 12 strains (tested on molds/fungi).

Copper sulfate (blue rock, liquid): CuSO4

Copper sulfate is an inorganic salt that is highly soluble in water. CuSO4 is an algicide, bactericide and fungicide.

Dissociated copper ions bind mainly to organic matter or remain dissolved in water. It forms a white powder in the anhydrous state, which turns blue when it receives water. It is the most industrially produced copper salt and is the most common copper compound.

Copper and quaternary ammonium cations show synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity. Biofilms are slimy clumps of microbes that are responsible for many chronic infections as well as contamination of clinical and industrial environments.

The copper ion is a component of copper sulfate with toxicological consequences. Copper ions bind to the functional groups of protein molecules in fungi and algae and cause protein denaturation, which leads to damage to their cells and so-called leakage. Protein components that act as binding sites are sulfide groups, phosphate (thiol), carboxyls, and imidazoles.

In molluscs, copper sulfate disrupts the function of the surface epithelium and peroxidase enzymes.

Copper sulfate is not irritating to the skin. It was classified by the American EPA as very little toxic for dermal irritation. At the same time, no data were found regarding the potential of copper sulfate to cause dermal sensitization in any species.

The US EPA did not evaluate copper sulfate for carcinogenic effects because there was no conclusive evidence linking copper or copper salts to the development of cancer in animals that can normally regulate copper in their bodies. There is no maximum contamination level for copper. The target maximum contaminant level (MCL) for copper is 1.3 mg/1 in drinking water.

Source: http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/cuso4tech.html

Examples of implementing a technical solution

Below are examples of a technical solution regarding a disinfectant concentrate for the treatment of cattle hooves, which is diluted with water in a given ratio and then prepared for automated disinfection of cattle hooves by spraying, i.e. blasting with pressure disinfection (or for manual application).

- 11 CZ 37472 U1

Before preventive use, the preparation is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100 (example: 10 liters of the preparation - per 1000 liters of water) and then ready for use for the purpose of disinfection and detergent (cleaning) of the hooves of cattle (dairy cows, etc.) for regular cleaning in particular automatic systems in dairy cattle farms, etc. Disinfection in case of a more massive occurrence of hoof and hoof disease 1:70.

Example 1

Preparation and subsequent composition of a disinfectant product (concentrate) with a detergent effect, for the treatment of cattle hooves.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples below were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water to form a disinfectant solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with sterile distilled water to the desired concentrations.

The disinfectant composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride - 4.5 g/100 g, then propan-2-ol - 0.9 g/100 g, in demineralized water, see the table of examples below.

Subsequently, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: copper sulfate - 0.18 g/100 g and lemongrass essential oil - 0.03 g, again in liquid form, see the table of examples below. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance up to 100% of the weight of this disinfectant is made up of demineralized water.

Example 2

Preparation and subsequent composition of a disinfectant product (concentrate) with a detergent effect, for the treatment of cattle hooves.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples below were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water to form a disinfectant solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with sterile distilled water to the desired concentrations.

The disinfectant composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride - 4.7 g/100 g, then propan-2-ol - 0.94 g/100 g, in demineralized water, see the table of examples below.

Subsequently, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: copper sulfate - 0.23 g/100 g and lemongrass essential oil - 0.04 g, again in liquid form, see the table of examples below. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance up to 100% of the weight of this disinfectant is made up of demineralized water.

Example 3

Preparation and subsequent composition of a disinfectant product (concentrate) with a detergent effect, for the treatment of cattle hooves.

All the listed substances (chemical substances) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The substances below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

- 12 CZ 37472 U1

The raw materials (chemicals) listed in the table of examples below were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water to form a disinfectant solution. Tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with sterile distilled water to the desired concentrations.

The disinfectant composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride - 5 g/100 g, then propan-2-ol - 1 g/100 g, in demineralized water, see the table of examples below.

Subsequently, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: copper sulfate - 0.25 g/100 g and lemon grass essential oil - 0.05 g, again in liquid form, see the table of examples below. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance up to 100% of the weight of this disinfectant is made up of demineralized water.

Based on the table of examples below, the optimal composition from column 3 was selected.

Raw material (g/100 g) 1 2 3 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) 4.5 4.7 5 Propan-2-ol (isopropyl) 0.9 0.94 1 Copper sulfate (blue rock) 0.18 0.23 0.25 Lemongrass (natural essential oil) 0.03 0.04 0.05 Water (demineralized) up to 100 g up to 100 g up to 100 g

In particular, the composition of the compositions according to the example in column No. 3 showed, in the given concentrations (see table above), a very strong disinfection efficiency against the tested microbes from the group of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus (also golden staphylococcus, is a gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus staphylococcus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (belongs to gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-fermenting bacteria), Escherichia coli (originally called Bacterium coli, is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium) and also good fungicidal activity (of microscopic filamentous fungi and molds).

The optimal (selected) composition of the compounds from the table - column 3, had a significant effect on the spectrum of effectiveness, as the cation attracts the negatively charged cell membrane of the microorganism, which is disrupted in contact with didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), in the case of a virus, it destroys the viral capsule.

Industrial applicability

Advantages in the industrial use of the presented disinfectant:

• It is a product with a strong disinfecting effect, which also has excellent cleaning effects, thanks to propan-2-ol (isopropyl - detergent), which has cleaning and degreasing abilities and at the same time removes moisture and thus keeps the horn of cattle clean and flexible.

• It is a disinfectant solution for cattle - cattle, horses and sheep to disinfect hooves, hooves and calloused skin. It is the so-called disinfectant character of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) with nail hardening - copper sulfate and at the same time with a natural medicinal product - lemon grass, which belongs to natural essential oils.

• The form of copper sulfate allows high absorption of copper ions into the structure of the hooves and hooves at a low concentration, which is important for the hardening of the horn. Copper sulfate is widely used in disinfection as a fungicide.

- 13 CZ 37472 U1 • Copper and quaternary ammonium cations show synergistic bactericidal and antibiofilm activity. Biofilms are slimy clumps of microbes that are responsible for many chronic infections as well as contamination of clinical and industrial environments.

• The excipient propan-2-ol (detergent) helps to clean the nail and thus greatly aids the absorption of copper.

• Newer anionic (nonionic) surfactants (so-called natural detergents) include essential oil from Cymbopogon Citratus - lemon grass, which serves as a bactericidal combination with DDAC, which has a bactericidal, virucidal, sporicidal, fungicidal effect. Thanks to natural lemon grass, a healthy and strong horn is formed. The cattle's hooves are thus more resistant to damage and without infection problems. It is a potential natural biocide for use as a disinfectant.

• Safe use - does not contain formaldehyde, which has irritating effects and also carcinogenic effects on humans (the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde on animals has been proven - by the International Agency for Research on Cancer).

• The possibility of using the product also on trimming tools for cattle hooves (in the form of a spray - for hoof knives, scissors, tongs, rasps, for cleaning washing tubs, at the same time it can be used, for example, on drinkers and feeding troughs for cattle, after treatment must be rinsed with water).

• Friendly to the environment - compared to formaldehyde.

• Milk producers and breeders are well aware that the use of formaldehyde is problematic, as it is carcinogenic and mutagenic, and when formaldehyde is used it must also be ventilated very well and it is necessary to rotate personnel and protect eyes in particular.

• Does not contain antibiotics, acids or the unpleasant smell of formaldehyde.

• Optimum viscosity - good fluidity of the product prevents clogging of nozzles of automatic systems.

• Suitable for use in automatic systems (robotic sprayers), including manual application - brush application.

Claims (2)

1. Disinfectant, characterized in that it contains the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, DDAC, in an amount from 0.006 to 20% by weight of the agent, 5 propan-2-ol, i.e. isopropyl, in an amount from 0.003 to 18% by weight of the agent, sulfate copper, i.e. blue shale, in an amount from 0.002 to 17% of the product weight, Cymbopogon citratus lemongrass oil in an amount from 0.001 to 13% of the product weight, and demineralized water in an amount from 65% to 99.99% of the product weight. 2. Disinfectant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the form of a solution.