CZ309062B6 - Hot water accumulator, system for accumulation and method of accumulating electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution is a hot water accumulator suitable for high pressures, e.g. 2 to 10 MPa, divided into at least two separate chambers, each of the chambers has at least one main neck for supply / discharge of water or auxiliary fluid connectable to closable inlet / outlet . Each of the main necks is suspended from the inside of the container by a support grate and the chambers are separated by a dividing bag attached by its edge to the wall of the accumulator container between the support grids to prevent water and auxiliary fluid mixing in the individual chambers. A portion of the separation bag moves between the support grids by feeding water or auxiliary fluid to any of the chambers to increase its volume and expel water or auxiliary fluid at the open exit of the other of the chambers, thereby reducing its volume. The hot water accumulator consists of one of the chambers is a heating chamber with a main water inlet / outlet with at least one electric heater in the space between the bottom and the lower support grate, and the other chamber is an auxiliary one with a main the auxiliary fluid supply / discharge port. The solution is also a system for the accumulating electric energy in hot water and a method of accumulating electric energy.

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to a hot water accumulator for accumulating electric energy by heating hot water with subsequent use of accumulated energy for cogeneration supply of electricity and heat, i.e. for its later use in connection with negative and positive services, its connection and electric energy accumulation system and electric accumulation method. energy. The invention further relates to an electric energy storage system comprising this hot water accumulator and a method of accumulating electric energy.

State of the art

To date, a number of power storage systems are known. One of them is the mechanical storage system, which includes, for example, pumped storage power plants, flywheels, systems with electricity storage in compressed air and systems with electricity storage in hot water, which use hot water accumulators for storage.

Hot water accumulator systems are currently used mainly for the provision of negative services, which means that the device allows the accumulation of excess electricity from the distribution network into the thermal energy of the working medium, mostly in low pressure water, eg 1 MPa, and such a system allows only use of accumulated electricity for heat supply, but due to low pressure it cannot be transformed back into electricity and thus ensure the supply of peak electricity from accumulation back to the distribution network. Electrode boilers are now commercially used for this purpose, which use excess electricity taken from the distribution network to heat the water between the electrodes in the electrode boiler, from which the heated low-pressure water is used for direct heat consumption, eg supplied to district heating systems. , abbreviated to DH, or to DH systems enabling time - delayed heat supply. Known electrode boilers are used only to heat water, they do not serve as a storage tank - hot water accumulator, which can then be kept hot in a separate vessel. The disadvantage of such a solution is that the supplied cold water is heated between the electrodes, and therefore neither chemically treated water nor condensate can be used for this purpose. Heated water to the required temperature for heat supply, eg 130 ° C to 160 ° C, is continuously supplied to the heating network. There are two ways to supply heat to the customer. In the event that the customer needs to ensure a low-variable and continuous heat supply, the heated water from the electrode boiler is supplied directly to the central heat supply network and the heat supply is carried out continuously while converting electricity via electrodes to water thermal energy. If a variable heat supply in output and over time is required, the hot water from the electrode boiler is then filled with a free-standing hot water tank, in which it is stored until an increased heat supply is required. In this case, the system consists of an electrode boiler and a hot water tank. Hot water first produced separately in the electrode boiler is transported and stored in this hot water tank. The described system therefore uses excess electricity only for heat supply, it cannot be used again for electricity production.

At present, there are also low-performance electric boilers in which electricity is used to produce technical steam, for example in the food industry or in healthcare. However, these devices are not suitably adapted and also do not allow the accumulation of surplus electricity generated in the electricity distribution network into hot water and its transformation back into electricity. The electricity consumption in these low-power boilers is governed by the required amount of steam produced.

The above systems either provide hot water production by electric heating, but their control is not focused on electricity storage and are not used for storage. Or they are systems connected as electrode boilers, these can be used to store electricity in hot water,

-1CZ 309062 B6 but due to the lower water pressure only for the provision of negative services, ie only for the consumption of excess electricity from the network, but not for the reverse transformation into electricity, only for the production and supply of heat.

CZ 307966 B6 discloses a combined system in which electrical energy is transformed into compressed gas by means of a compressor and can again be transformed back into electrical energy by means of a gas turbine. Secondaryly, gas compression generates heat that needs to be removed, which is done by cooling the condenser, from which the heated water then leaves, which can be stored in a hot water accumulator and subsequently used, the document describing the use only for hot water distribution for heat supply. Thus, the water is not heated directly in the accumulator vessel, but takes place in the exchanger by the compressor heat of the compressor located outside the simple accumulator vessel.

Systems are also known, for example according to patent CZ 307476 B6, in which the thermal energy accumulated in high-pressure hot water, eg at a pressure higher than 4 MPa, can also be used for electricity recovery, optimally for cogeneration of electricity and heat.

Electricity is used to heat water and produce saturated steam, for example in nuclear power plants, in volume compensators, in which the steam produced is used to regulate the pressure in the steam generator system. The electricity taken from the network is used to produce steam in the volume compensator. Electricity consumption is controlled by steam pressure control.

There are also storage tanks - high-pressure water accumulators with external water heating, which in conjunction with a system of hot water expanders enable the re-production of electricity from the stored energy to hot water. Regeneration of electricity from the stored energy is ensured by feeding high-pressure hot water to pressure expanders, in which, when the water pressure is reduced from a smaller amount of hot water supplied in the expanders, saturated steam is generated and fed to a steam turbine for electricity production. , and for the most part of the supplied hot water, hot water with a lower temperature is obtained in the expanders, which is then used for heat supply in the DH system.

For effective hot water retention, pressure vessels are often equipped with a system of various installations, usually regulating the water supply and discharge, so as to ensure the lowest possible mixing of hot and cold water both when filling with hot water and when emptying the vessel when hot the water pushes out of the container with cold water.

A container for storing hot liquids / water designed as a pressure vessel provided with an elastic bag to prevent mixing of hot and cold water is described in utility model CZ 33525 U1. The elastic bag is closed at one end by a bottom and attached to the inner surface of the container at the other open end in the middle of its height, the bottom of the elastic bag moving with the hot and cold water interface when filling or emptying the container, thus preventing mixing of the two liquids. The described container, the accumulator, is provided with grids inside at the upper and lower ends, the position of which defines the highest and lowest position of the bottom of the elastic bag, which rests on these grids in the extreme positions. The container has an upper and a lower bottom, the lower part of the container has a connection to one type of liquid, for example a hot liquid, and the upper part to another type of liquid, for example a cold liquid. If desired, such a container can be used to store hot externally heated fluid to maintain its heat and, if necessary, to expel it from the container by pumping cold water into the other part of the container. The disadvantage of such a solution is that when a higher hot water temperature is required, it is no longer possible to reheat the water / liquid directly in the vessel to the required temperature, and also that it cannot be used to provide negative services in accumulating excess electricity.

-2EN 309062 B6

The essence of the invention

The above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art are solved by a hot water accumulator, its connection and an electric energy storage system according to the invention. The main problem addressed is the invention of how to efficiently store and, if necessary, reuse electricity. The hot water accumulator according to the invention with built-in electric heating serves this purpose. In particular, it is a hot water accumulator suitable for high pressures, eg 5 MPa, the internal space of which is defined by at least the wall of the accumulator vessel, which is at least partially provided with thermal insulation, and is divided into at least two separate chambers neck for supply / discharge of water or auxiliary fluid connectable to a closable inlet / outlet, where each of the main ports is supported by a support grate from the inside of the vessel and chambers are separated by a dividing bag attached by its edge to the battery wall between the support grids to prevent water mixing and auxiliary fluids in the individual chambers, the part of the dividing bag being movable between the support grids by feeding water or auxiliary fluid to any of the chambers to increase its volume and to expel water or auxiliary fluid at the open outlet of the other from the chambers. consists in the fact that one of the chambers is a heating chamber equipped with a main neck for e.g. water supply / discharge and equipped with at least one electric heater and the other of the chambers is an auxiliary chamber equipped with a main neck for supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid. The accumulator container is a vertical cylindrical container having a wall and a lower and upper bottom, the main water inlet / outlet port opening in the lower bottom and the support grate projected by the lower support grid and the auxiliary fluid inlet / outlet main port opening in the upper bottom. and the support grid suspended therethrough is an upper support grid and the electric heater is located in a space formed between the lower bottom and the lower support grid. The neck located at the bottom is connected to the pipe network, in which it is possible to create an outlet path to the steam generator by opening the valves by closing the valves by opening the hot water valve on this path.

Said hot water accumulator can be used for the accumulation and transformation of electricity, both for the provision of negative services and for the provision of positive services, which means that electricity accumulates in high-pressure hot water, eg at a pressure of 4 MPa, so it can also be used for re-generation of electricity, optimally for cogeneration of electricity and heat.

In a preferred embodiment, the electric heater is an electric resistance heating element for electric heating of the fluid, connectable to an electric distribution network.

An advantage of the present invention is that a high-pressure hot water accumulator allows itself to accumulate excess electricity in hot water at high pressure and temperature, e.g. 4 MPa and 250 ° C, by means of built-in resistance heating, and allows its discharge to ensure the current production of electricity, or the current production of electricity and heat. Another significant advantage is that the accumulator with electric heating when using a resistance heating element can work with condensate or chemically treated water, so it can be connected to any cogeneration unit with a steam turbine, eg to a cogeneration unit in ZEVO - waste energy recovery plant - or to a cogeneration unit with a steam turbine in a district heating source without having to ensure the required water conductivity. Electricity accumulation can be advantageously performed, taking into account the subsequent use of the stored energy, both at the required power input, eg 5MWe, lOMWe, 15MWe, 20MWe, and thus at the required time, eg 10 minutes to 60 minutes, electricity accumulation can be performed once for the entire accumulated power in the range of the designed capacity, or it can be performed intermittently in the range of the designed capacity, according to the needs of the network controller, for example also in intervals expressed in minutes. An advantage of the embodiment according to the invention is that the return supply of cogeneration electricity and heat from the stored energy can be performed at the required output and at the required time once, within the projected capacity, or can be performed intermittently within the projected capacity, according to the network controller.

-3GB 309062 B6

Ideally, the flexible dividing bag is shape-adaptable to the shape of the support grids and the wall of the battery container, because as its bottom moves between the lower and upper support grate, the dividing bag deforms according to the inner surface of the container as the heating chamber volume changes. Preferably, the separating bag has thermal insulating properties.

In a preferred embodiment, the inner surface of the battery container wall is insulated between the lower and upper support grate. The insulation in a preferred embodiment can be formed by inner cylindrical shells, one end of which is attached to the wall of the container at the point of attachment of the dividing bag and whose other end extends over the lower and upper support grate, which are arranged in the lower or upper bottom space.

Preferably, the water in the hot water accumulator is used not only for heating but also as an auxiliary fluid and the hot water accumulator comprises a feed pump connected to a common feed tank, the main port emerging from the heating chamber for supplying / discharging connected on the one hand by a path provided with at least one shut-off valve directly to the inlet of the common feed tank and on the other hand by a path provided with at least one shut-off valve indirectly via a feed pump to the outlet of the common feed tank. Furthermore, the main neck emerging from the auxiliary chamber for supplying / expelling water as auxiliary fluid is connected on the one hand by a path provided with at least one shut-off valve directly to the inlet of the common feed tank and on the other hand by a path provided with at least one shut-off valve indirectly via a feed pump.

The heating chamber preferably comprises at least one additional neck opening in the wall of the accumulator vessel, through which the heating chamber is connected to an external circulation circuit equipped with a circulation pump located outside the heating chamber for external circulation of water from the heating chamber during heating. thus, each separate outlet path connecting the circulation pump to the heating chamber is equipped with at least one closable fitting. Each such path can be formed on a differently branched network of pipes provided with closable fittings so that all other paths potentially possible in the pipeline network are separated from the given path by closing the valves.

The length of the stretched dividing bag corresponds at least to the distance between the point of attachment of the dividing bag to the container and the lower support grid, preferably so that at high pressure when enlarging one of the chambers he did not rupture by the further application of pressure on his part. The dividing bag can be stretched to a more distant support grid, either because it is deformable, malleable along the space formed between the support grids and the container walls, it can be folded and stretched to its maximum length, or it can be elastic. In a preferred embodiment, where the container is vertical and has a main port for the supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid or water at each of its bottoms and auxiliary ports for the heating chamber, the adaptable dividing bag is preferably located above the highest mouth of the auxiliary neck and is extendable. from the place of its attachment to the more distant support grate, so that it can rest on it and thus prevent it from rupturing. For example, the dividing bag is preferably attached to the wall of the hot water accumulator vessel halfway between the support grids or at a location closer to the upper support grate than the lower support grate.

In a preferred embodiment, the hot water accumulator, in which water is used as an auxiliary fluid, is connected outside the accumulator vessel by a path connecting the auxiliary chamber and the heating chamber, where a circulating pump is located on this path. , and is further connected outside the accumulator vessel by a path connecting the heating chamber and the auxiliary chamber, where a circulation pump is located on this path, which, if necessary, ensures the pumping of water from the heating chamber to the auxiliary chamber. Advantageously, one common pump can be used for both of these paths. Roads can be created on the pipeline network by separating them from other networks by closing the fittings. Each such path is equipped with at least one shut-off valve. Each inlet and outlet from the battery container and to / from the pump is equipped

-4GB 309062 B6 shut-off valve so that these paths can only be closed and opened during pumping during certain phases of battery operation.

Preferably, both the outer circulation circuit and the pumping circuit have a common circulating pump which ensures the pumping of water from the auxiliary chamber to the heating chamber, the pumping of water from the auxiliary chamber to the heating chamber and the outer circulating circulation of heated water from the heating chamber.

Thus, preferably at least one additional neck of the heated fluid opens into the heating chamber in the space between the lower support grate and the attachment point of the separating bag, most preferably it opens into the inner space of the lower inner shell. Preferably, there are two sockets in the form of a nozzle, where the lower mouth is connected to the circulating pump inlet and the higher mouth is connected to the circulating pump outlet, via both or one of these additional sockets, and optionally using the main water supply / discharge port. a circuit can be created in the lower bottom which, with the valves open on these paths, ensures the external circulation of the heated water from the heating chamber. The circuit can be formed by opening the fittings on one of the circulating pump outlets leading to the heating chamber, for example by opening the second circulating pump outlet leading to the higher auxiliary nozzle / nozzle or by opening the third circulating pump outlet leading to the main inlet. / expelling water in the lower bottom of the heating chamber; and at the same time the fittings on one of the circulating pump inlets leading from the heating chamber are opened, for example by opening the first inlet fitting to the circulating pump leading to the main water supply / discharge port at the bottom of the heating chamber or by opening the second circulating pump inlet leading from the heating chamber. the auxiliary socket / socket located below. If one of these inlet paths and one of the outlet paths is open for the circulation of heated water, the other paths are separated from these paths by closing the shut-off valves located on them. At the same time, in this preferred embodiment, the circulation pump has its first outlet connected via a closable fitting of the first outlet of the circulation pump to the main water inlet / outlet neck as an auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom of the auxiliary chamber. If this first outlet is open and at the same time one of the inlet paths to the circulation pump is opened via the open valve of the first or second inlet - while closing the other paths the water from the heating chamber can be pumped by the circulation pump to the auxiliary chamber. In this preferred embodiment, the circulating pump also has its third inlet connected via at least one closable fitting of the third inlet to the circulating pump to the main water inlet / outlet port as auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom of the auxiliary chamber and if this third inlet is open and one of the outlet paths of the circulating pump leading to the heating chamber, for example via the open valve of the second or third outlet of the circulation pump, water can be pumped from the auxiliary chamber to the circulation chamber while closing the valves on the other paths.

Preferably, an expansion line is connected to the main neck in the upper bottom for the supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid, which connects the auxiliary chamber to the expansion vessel to maintain a constant pressure in the hot water accumulator system.

Another object of the invention is a system for accumulating electrical energy in hot water and for transforming it back into electrical energy, in which the heating chamber is connected to a steam generator comprising at least one expander for generating saturated steam, wherein the saturated steam outlet from the expander is further connected to a steam superheater having its superheated steam outlet provided with a closable saturated steam fitting adapted to supply steam to the steam turbogenerator of the power plant; and a condensate outlet from the saturated steam expander connectable to the hot water supply system and also provided with a closable condensate fitting.

In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a power plant with a steam turbogenerator with an electric generator and a steam turbine with a third condensing part of the steam turbine, to the input of which a superheated steam output from the steam generator is connected and where the electric generator is connected

-5EN 309062 B6 transmission system and the related electrical distribution network electrically connected to the electric heater located in the hot water accumulator tank, while the amount of instantaneous power of the electric heater is set by the dispatcher according to the need to regulate excess electricity in the distribution network.

Another object of the invention is a method of accumulating electric energy in a hot water accumulator, in which any of the hot water accumulators mentioned above is used to accumulate electric energy.

The method of accumulation of electrical energy is carried out in such a way that

- with the main water supply / discharge port of the hot water accumulator vessel, its variable volume heating chamber is filled with water so as to occupy 25 to 100% of the internal volume of the hot water accumulator vessel and the remaining internal volume of the hot water accumulator vessel up to 100% chamber separated by a separating bag from the heating chamber, is filled through the main neck for the supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid with an auxiliary fluid, for example water, and subsequently

- when an indication of excess electricity in the distribution network, the water in the heating chamber is heated by a resistance heating element located in it at a pressure of 2 MPa to 10 MPa to a saturation temperature corresponding to a given pressure, for example 2 MPa corresponds to a saturation temperature of 200 ° C or 5 MPa corresponds to a saturation temperature of 264 ° C, and subsequently

- at the indication of lack of electricity in the distribution network, a closable hot water fitting opens at the outlet from the main neck of the heating chamber to the expander, an auxiliary fluid is admitted to the auxiliary chamber to increase the volume water from the heating chamber through the main neck for supply / discharge of water from the heating chamber to the expander,

- after which the closable hot water fitting at the outlet of the main neck of the heating chamber to the expander is closed, the supply of auxiliary fluid to the auxiliary chamber is stopped and water is filled into the heating chamber, for example pumped from the auxiliary chamber for further heating the auxiliary fluid is partially or completely expelled from the auxiliary chamber and the volume of the auxiliary chamber is reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the water heated in the heating chamber is driven by a circulating pump located outside the heating chamber and is circulated during heating by the outer circulation circuit and the heating chamber through two ports opening into the heating chamber until the desired temperature is reached.

Clarification of drawings

The essence of the invention is further elucidated on the basis of exemplary embodiments thereof, which are described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a system of a hot water accumulator with electric heating connected via a hot water expander and a steam superheater to the inlet of the condensing part of a three-shaft steam turbine;

Fig. 2 shows a hot water accumulator vessel with a resistance heating element for electric heating of the fluid with a dividing bag attached in the middle between the upper and lower support grate;

Fig. 3 shows a hot water accumulator container with a dividing bag attached under the upper support grate and with one nozzle for collecting the heated fluid;

Fig. 4 shows the connection of an electrically heated hot water accumulator vessel to a circulating pump, a feed water tank and an expander;

Fig. 5 is a hot water accumulator with electric heating in the phase of the first filling with water by a feed pump from the feed water tank;

Fig. 6 is a hot water accumulator with electric heating in connection with a circulating pump, which has completed the pumping of a part of the water from the heating chamber to the auxiliary chamber and is in the initial state for short-term accumulation;

Fig. 7 is a hot water accumulator with electric heating in the circuit during short-term accumulation;

Fig. 8 is a hot water accumulator with electric heating in connection both for pumping water from the auxiliary chamber to the heating chamber - arrows along the dashed lines, and subsequently for long-term accumulation - arrows along the solid lines; and Fig. 9 is a hot water accumulator with electric heating in the circuit for pushing the heated water into the expander, so-called discharging.

Examples of embodiments of the invention

The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the respective figures of the accompanying drawings.

In an exemplary embodiment, electrical energy is converted to thermal energy by heating water, and later, in the absence of electrical energy, the thermally stored energy is transformed back into electrical energy. This method can be performed by the system shown in Fig. 1, where the saturated steam produced in the expander 15 is used as additional energy for the production of electricity in the steam turbine of the steam turbogenerator 17 of the power plant in the third condensing part 18 of the steam turbine. One exemplary embodiment is made less efficient by connecting only the saturated steam output from the expander 15 to the condensing section 18 of the steam turbogenerator 17 to produce additional electricity, in which case the condensate from the expander 15 is no longer used. The use of the second exemplary embodiment, in which the condensate from the expander 15 is also connected to the heat supply system, is significantly more energy efficient, so that the accumulated energy is used for cogeneration of electricity and heat.

Fig. 1 shows a part of a system for accumulating electrical energy in hot water and for its transformation back into electrical energy comprising a hot water accumulator and connecting a high pressure hot water accumulator with electric heating via a main water supply / discharge port 5 for heating via a closable hot water fitting 14 to a steam generator 37 comprising an expander 15 for expanding hot water to saturated steam and a superheater 16 having its saturated steam output provided with a closable saturated steam outlet 35 connectable to a steam turbine of a steam turbogenerator 17 of a power plant with an electric generator 19. The hot water accumulator comprises a vessel 1 of the accumulator, inside which the electric heater 4 is located.

In another exemplary embodiment according to FIG. the electric heater 4 is connected to an unmarked electrical distribution network and the system comprises an unmarked control system for ensuring the stability of the electrical distribution network, to which an electricity generator 19 is also connected. The steam power plant is preferably a heating plant

-7 CZ 309062 B6 coal, gas or biomass or alternative fuels, including the combustible part of the waste, equipped with an electric generator 19 and a heat supply system that uses energy transformation, for example by burning fuel to produce steam driven by a steam turbine.

FIG. 1 shows the condensate outlet from the expander 15 via a shut-off valve 34, which in one exemplary embodiment is not and in the other exemplary embodiment is further connected to a heat supply system (not shown).

In the exemplary embodiments mentioned above, a hot water accumulator according to the following exemplary embodiment was used: the hot water accumulator has an inner space delimited by the wall of the accumulator container 1 provided with thermal insulation in the area between the lower and upper grate 7, 8 chambers 2, 3 is a heating chamber 2 equipped with an orifice main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of water and equipped with an electric heater 4 and the other of the chambers 2, 3 is an auxiliary chamber 3 equipped with a main neck 6 for the supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid. These ports 5, 6 can be connected to a closable inlet / outlet, for example to a distribution network provided with closable fittings for directing the fluid in the desired way. Each of the main necks 5, 6 is supported from the inside of the container by a support grate 7, 8 and the chambers 2, 3 are separated by a dividing bag 9 attached by its edge to the wall of the battery container 1 between the support grids 7, 8 to prevent mixing of water and auxiliary fluid in The part of the dividing bag 9 is movable between the support grids 7, 8 by feeding water or auxiliary fluid to any of the chambers 2, 3 to increase its volume and to expel the water or auxiliary fluid at the open outlet of the other of the chambers 2, 3. thereby reducing its volume.

The separating bag 9 was flexible so that it could optionally collapse and form a movable interface between the chambers 2, 3. For example, a Teflon-based material, or Multilam or Texlam, or other suitable water-resistant materials at the temperature, e.g. 250 ° C. In one exemplary embodiment, a shape-adaptable separating bag 9 of Teflon-based material was used. Preferably, the separating bag 9 has thermal insulating properties.

In exemplary embodiments, up to 90% of the wall of the accumulator vessel was provided with insulation, while the part between the support grids 7 and 8 was always insulated.

In a preferred exemplary embodiment, water was also used as the auxiliary fluid and the accumulator vessel 1 described above was connected to a feed pump 23 connected to a common feed tank 22. The main port 5 emerging from the heating chamber 2 for supplying / discharging water to be used for heating , was connected on the one hand by a shut-off valve 33 directly to the inlet of the common feed tank 22 and on the other hand by a shut-off valve 31 indirectly via a feed pump 23 to the outlet of the common feed tank 22. as an auxiliary fluid, it was connected on the one hand by a shut-off valve 33 directly to the inlet of the common feed tank 22 and on the other hand by a shut-off valve 40, 32 indirectly via the feed pump 23 to the outlet of the common feed tank 22.

In another exemplary embodiment, the hot water accumulator comprises a vertical cylindrical accumulator container 1 having a wall and a bottom and an upper bottom, the main water inlet / outlet port 5 opening into the lower bottom and The discharge of the auxiliary fluid is discharged in the upper bottom and the upper support grid 8 is suspended in front of it, the electric heater 4 being located in the space formed between the lower bottom and the lower support grid 7.

In another exemplary embodiment, the heating chamber 2 of the battery container 1 further comprises in its wall two additional sockets 10, 11, through which the heating chamber 2 was connected to an external circulation circuit equipped with a circulation pump 24 located outside the heating chamber 2 for external circulation of water from the heating chamber 2. during heating. The circulation circuit had both a separate inlet and a separate outlet path connecting the circulation pump 24 to the heater

The dividing bag 9 was attached to the wall of the accumulator vessel halfway between the support grids 7, 8 and in an alternative embodiment it was closer to the upper support grate 8, the length of the stretched of the dividing bag 9 reached from the place of its attachment to the wall of the battery container 1 to the lower support grate 7.

The hot water accumulator represents a separate exemplary embodiment and can further be connected to the system already described above, where the main water supply / discharge port 5 has an outlet connectable to the steam generator 37 via a closable hot water fitting 14 to the expander 15 in the steam generator 37. the steam outlet from the expander 15 is fed through a connecting pipe to the steam superheater 16 and the steam outlet from the steam superheater 16 is connected in this exemplary embodiment via a lockable saturated steam outlet fitting 35 to a steam turbine of a steam turbogenerator 17, e.g. a three-shaft steam turbine. a third, i.e. condensing part 18, together with a steam outlet from the second part 39, the steam inlet to the second steam turbine part 39 being connected to the steam outlet from the first steam turbine part 38 of the steam turbogenerator 17, to the steam input of which steam is generated, eg when incinerating waste in ZEVO. However, it is also possible to connect, for example, to any heating (cogeneration) unit with a back-pressure or condensing take-off steam turbine. The shafts of the steam turbine of the steam turbogenerator 17 are connected to a gearbox 21 with an electric generator 19 and the steam exits to the condenser 20. The expanders 15 can be placed two or more in series.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the steam turbine can be designed as a single-shaft with controlled consumption, in which case the steam output from the steam superheater 16 is connected via a closable saturated steam outlet fitting 35 to the controlled consumption line. The steam turbine of the steam turbogenerator 17, connected to the steam source from ZEVO, works independently even without the supply of additional steam from the hot water accumulator with electric heating, for example when shutting it down or charging it by taking excess electricity from the distribution network and heating water in the accumulator. Likewise, the hot water accumulator in the phase of taking excess electricity from the distribution network and water heating works independently of ZEVO operation, ie steam turbines of the steam turbogenerator 17. The hot water accumulator together with the steam generator 37 cooperates with the steam turbogenerator 17 use of accumulated energy for electricity production and heat supply, so that the steam turbogenerator 17 processes all steam supplied from ZEVO and steam supplied from the accumulator, so that the production of electricity on the steam turbogenerator 17 is increased. steam from ZEVO to the steam turbogenerator 17, so the power of ZEVO will not change either, the power of ZEVO will be controlled even when the accumulator is connected according to the supplied amount of waste for incineration.

Excess electricity from the distribution network is taken and used to electrically heat the water in the hot water accumulator, the heating chamber 2 of which is at least partially filled with water with an electric heater 4, e.g. in the most preferred exemplary embodiment battery, and in the event of a shortage of electricity in the distribution network, used again to generate electricity.

High-pressure heated water of high pressure, e.g. 4 to 5 MPa and a temperature corresponding to the saturation temperature at said pressure, e.g. 250 to 264 ° C, taken from the vessel 1 of the accumulator via the main water supply / discharge port 5 an open hot water fitting 14 to the water vapor expander 15, where it expands to a lower pressure, which in this exemplary circuit corresponds to the steam pressure at the inlet to the third part 18 of the steam turbine, e.g. to a pressure of 0.8 MPa. However, depending on the operating parameters of the various turbines, these can be pressures, eg in the range of 0.4 to 1.0 MPa. During this expansion, saturated steam is formed in part and the hot water corresponding to a reduced pressure of 0.8 MPa is produced in part. The saturated steam taken from the upper part of the expander 15 is superheated in the steam superheater 16 to a higher temperature, e.g. 200 ° C, which is required at the inlet to the third part 18 of the steam turbine, e.g. it is led through the open shut-off valve 35 of the saturated steam outlet to the mixing line, where it is mixed with the steam produced in ZEVO emerging from the second part 39 of the steam turbine and fed to the inlet to the third part 18 of the steam turbine, thus increasing electricity production on the generator 19. where this steam produces additional electricity which is supplied to

- 9 CZ 309062 B6 electrical distribution networks. This increase in electrical power is caused by the use of the stored energy in the hot water accumulator. To heat the saturated steam from the expander 15, a part of the high-pressure hot water taken from the hot water accumulator is used as the heating medium, which after cooling in the steam superheater 16 is also introduced into the expander 15, where it also expands to said pressure of 0.8 MPa. The hot water emerging from the bottom of the expander 15 is used to supply heat.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, a high-pressure hot water accumulator is shown in an embodiment for high pressures and the corresponding saturation temperatures, e.g. the production of electricity from storage will increase, but the price of the battery will increase significantly. This hot water accumulator consists of a hot water accumulator vessel 1, the inner space of which is delimited by the vessel wall and is divided into two separate chambers 2,3 - heating chamber 2 and auxiliary chamber 3. The accumulator vessel 1 in this exemplary embodiment is a vertical cylindrical vessel having upper and lower bottom. In the lower part of the accumulator container 1 there is a heating chamber 2 with a lower bottom, in which the main neck 5 for water supply / discharge is in the form of a socket for connecting a water source for heating, and in the upper remaining part there is an auxiliary chamber 3 with an upper bottom. in which the neck 6 also opens in the form of a nozzle connectable to a source of auxiliary fluid. The fluid supply / discharge ports 5, 6 can be connected to a closable inlet / outlet of a pipe network, or branched to a plurality of outlets / inlets with closable fittings for road separation. The heating chamber 2 is equipped with an electric heater 4 located inside this chamber 2, specifically in this exemplary embodiment with a resistance heating element. The electric heater 2 is located with its heating part horizontally in the space formed between the lower bottom and the support grate 7. The accumulator container 1 is before the auxiliary liquid outlet by the main neck 6 for supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom and heated water by water supply / discharge nozzle 5. in the lower bottom of the battery container 1 is provided with an upper support grid 8 and a lower support grid 7. The chambers 2, 3 are separated by a flexible dividing bag 9 attached by its open edge to the wall of the battery container 1 between the support grids 7, 8 to prevent mixing of fluids in individual chambers. 2, 3, wherein a part of the dividing bag 9, in particular its bottom, is movable between the support grids 7, 8 by feeding water or other fluid into any of the chambers 2, 3 while increasing its volume and expelling water or other fluid at the open outlet of the second from chambers 2, 3 and for reducing its volume. The dividing bag 9 is primarily flexible and serves as a movable partition impermeable to the fluids used in the individual chambers 2, 3. A variant of this exemplary embodiment is the dividing bag 9 adaptable in shape along the vessel walls and PTFE-based support grids 7, 8. The dividing bag 9 is connected to the inner wall of the container by a dividing bag holder 13, for example by means of a half-height flange connection between the upper and lower support grate 7, 8, this flange joint position being the lowest suitable position for holding the dividing bag 9. are insulated from the lower support grid 7 along the length of the heating chamber 2 and along the length of the auxiliary chamber 3 up to the upper support grid 8, but this variant of partial insulation is not indicated in Fig. 2. a thermal insulating jacket 12 with an insulating gap formed between the vessel wall and this jacket. Two auxiliary necks 10, 11 in the form of a nozzle for collecting heated fluid in the space between the flange connection and the lower support grate 7 open into the heating chamber 2 situated in the lower half of the accumulator container 1 in Fig. 2. In this exemplary embodiment they open into the inner space. the lower position of the auxiliary neck / nozzle 10 corresponds to the required water circulation during operation in order to achieve the highest accumulated power and the upper position of the auxiliary neck 11 corresponds to operation at the start of the excess electricity accumulation process or during the intermittent accumulation process. The variant embodiment not indicated in FIG. 2 comprises only one of these auxiliary sockets 10, 11, three auxiliary sockets or no auxiliary socket. In Fig. 2, the resistance heating element is located in the inner space formed between the lower bottom of the battery container 1 and the lower support grate 7, the resistance heating element heating the water contained in the heating chamber The water / auxiliary fluid contained in the gap between the lower inner shell 12 and the inner surface of the battery container 1 heats up more slowly and acts as an insulating layer protecting the inner surface of the battery container 1 from rapid changes.

-10GB 309062 B6 heated fluid temperature. In a variant embodiment, there are two or more resistance heating elements in the heating chamber 2.

The hot water accumulator is adapted to be connected to the heating water supply and to the heated water outlet to the expander 15. Optional auxiliary ports 10, 11 can be connected to various auxiliary pumping and / or circulation circuits provided with a circulation pump 24. The auxiliary chamber 3 is adapted to supply auxiliary fluids for pushing the dividing bag 9 and thus forcing the heated water from the heating chamber 2 into the expander 15 and also for pushing the auxiliary fluid from the auxiliary chamber 3 on the contrary when supplying water for heating to the heating chamber 2. In one variant the auxiliary fluid is compressed air or another suitable gas. In another variant, the auxiliary fluid is a liquid, for example most often water. Another less useful option is to use oil as an auxiliary fluid. The dividing bag 9 is impermeable to both heated water and water as an auxiliary fluid. In one variant embodiment, the auxiliary fluid was water and both sources and the individual waterways were completely independent. In another exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary fluid is water connected to a common supply tank 22 and with a pumping and circulation circuit, for example in the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 9, in which the auxiliary chamber 3 bag 9 prevents mixing of water in the individual chambers 2, 3 and forms their interface. In FIG. indicated by dotted in Fig. 2, is moved downwards, which is done in such a way that the water from the heating chamber, i.e. from the space under the dividing bag 9, is gradually moved through the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of water in the lower bottom. supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom into the auxiliary chamber 3, i.e. into the space above the separating bag 9, until the bottom of the separating bag 9 reaches the desired position above the above-mouthed auxiliary neck 11 of the heated fluid. The bottom of the dividing bag 9 is seated at such a height that it allows the heated fluid to circulate from the bottom of the heating chamber 2 through the main water inlet 5 to supply / expel water in the bottom of the accumulator container 1 via the circulation pump 24 and heating chamber 2 for further heating, until the temperature of the heated fluid under the separation bag 9 reaches the desired temperature, for example 250 ° C.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, an electrically heated accumulator container 1 is shown, which is similar to FIG. of the bag 9 in the highest position immediately below the upper support grid 8 and one additional neck 11 in the form of a nozzle for collecting heated fluid is located in this exemplary embodiment halfway between the handle 13 holder and the lower support grid 7. Alternatively it can be located anywhere as needed. between the holder 13 of the dividing bag 9 by the lower support grid 7. The dividing bag 9 has the position of its lowest part, ie the bottom, always before the start of heating above the level of the auxiliary neck 11, so as not to act as a barrier against water flow through this auxiliary neck 11. same as in Fig. 2.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, a hot-water accumulator with electric heating is shown in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 with a circulating pump 24 connected, an expander 15, a feed tank 22 and a feed pump 23 connected. and an upper inner shell 12.

The output of the circulation pump 24 branches so that it is

- a first outlet via a closable fitting 25 of the first outlet of the circulating pump and via a main inlet 6 for the supply / discharge of water as an auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom of the vessel connected to the auxiliary chamber 3;

-11CZ 309062 B6

- the second outlet via the closable fitting 26 of the second outlet of the circulation pump and via the higher-mouthed auxiliary neck 11 connected to the heating chamber 2; and

- a third outlet via a closable fitting 27 of the third outlet of the circulation pump and via a main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of heated water in the lower bottom of the accumulator container 1 connected to the heating chamber 2.

Immediately below the upper bottom with the main water inlet / outlet 6 as an auxiliary fluid, an inner inlet / outlet space is formed from below bounded by the upper support grate 8 and similarly immediately above the lower bottom with the main water inlet / outlet for heating. the inner space bounded from above by the lower support grid 7.

The inlet to the circulation pump 24 branches so that it is

- a first inlet via a closable fitting 28 of the first inlet of the circulation pump and via a main inlet 5 for the supply / discharge of water for heating in the lower bottom connected to the heating chamber 2;

- a second inlet via a closable armature 29 of the second inlet of the circulation pump and via a lower orifice auxiliary neck 10 connected to the heating chamber 2; and

- a third inlet via a closable fitting 30 of the third inlet of the circulating pump, a closable connecting fitting 40 and via a main inlet 6 for the supply / discharge of water as an auxiliary liquid in the upper bottom of the vessel connected to the auxiliary chamber 3.

The outlet of the heating chamber 2 is connected via the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of heated water in the lower bottom of the accumulator vessel 1 and via a closable hot water fitting 14 to the inlet to the expanders 15.

The heating chamber 2 is connected to the outlet of the feed tank 22 via the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of heated water in the lower bottom of the accumulator vessel 1, via the shut-off valve 31 and via the feed pump 23. The heating chamber 2 is connected to the inlet of the feed tank 22 via the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of the heated water and via the closable fitting 33 at the inlet to the common supply tank. The auxiliary chamber 3 is connected to the outlet of the feed tank 22 via a main neck 6 in the upper bottom for supplying / discharging the auxiliary fluid, via a closable connecting fitting 40, a lockable filling fitting 32 to the auxiliary chamber and via a feed pump 23. The auxiliary chamber 3 is connected to the inlet of the feed tank 22 via the main neck 6 in the upper bottom for the supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid and via the closable fitting 33 at the inlet to the common feed tank.

Furthermore, an expansion line 36 is connected to the main neck 6 in the upper bottom for the supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid, which connects the auxiliary chamber 3 with the unmarked expansion vessel to maintain a constant pressure in the accumulator vessel 1.

In Fig. 4, for example, some possible positions of the dividing bag 9 at different operating states of the hot water accumulator are indicated by dots.

The various operating states of the electrically heated hot water accumulator of FIG. 4 are shown in the further figures of FIGS. 5 to 9.

Fig. 5 shows the hot-water accumulator with electric heating of Fig. 4 in the phase of the first filling with cold water from the supply tank 22 as a source of feed water. This phase occurs, for example, after the completion of the assembly or after the shutdown of the overhaul or repair device, which required the draining of water from the container 1 of the accumulator. The feed tank 22 with feed pump 23 is connected to the heating chamber via the open closable filling fitting 31 to the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of heated water in the lower bottom and via the open closable filling fitting 32.

-12EN 309062 B6 into the auxiliary chamber and the open closable connecting fitting 40 to the neck 6 in the upper bottom. In this phase, the heating chamber 2 and / or the auxiliary chamber 3 are filled with water from the supply tank 22. The direction of the water flow is indicated in FIG. 5 by directional arrows. It is also possible that only one of these paths is open and only one of these chambers 2, 3 is completely filled, since it is possible to pump water later from one chamber 2, 3 to another as required by the pumping circuit. However, FIG. 5 shows a variant of filling both chambers 2,3. As a result, at the end of this phase, the heating chamber will most often occupy 50% of the volume of the battery container 1 after filling, but it is possible to fill only one of the chambers 2, 3 and occupy 25%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 100% container. These percentages represent the volumes of the battery container 1 in the range between the support grids 7, 8, between which the dividing bag 9 can move, the volume above and below the support grate, where the dividing bag 9 does not reach, was not taken into account. Cold water is conveyed from the feed tank 22 by the feed pump 23 via the open closable filling valve 31 and via the main neck 5 in the lower bottom for supply / discharge of water into the heating chamber 2 and via the open fittings 32, 40 via the main neck 6 in the upper bottom for supply / discharge. forcing the water as an auxiliary fluid into the auxiliary chamber 3. Both the resistance heating element 4 and the circulation pump 24 are out of operation when the chambers 2, 3 are filled with water from the supply tank 22. The other closable fittings indicated in Fig. 5 are closed in this operating state, or better according to their location some of these fittings are opened / closed so that the whole system is gradually vented by the outlet when the water level in the accumulator container 1 moves upwards. via the expansion pipe 36. Fig. 5 shows the final state of this phase of filling both chambers 2, 3 with water, when the accumulator container 1 is completely filled with water so that the interface of both chambers 2, 3 represented by the dividing bag 9 is approximately halfway up. the container 1 of the accumulator, at the same time above the above-mouthed auxiliary neck 11.

Fig. 6 shows the hot water accumulator with electric heating of Fig. 4 in connection for reaching the initial state for short-term accumulation, i. that in the heating chamber 2 a smaller amount of water is prepared for heating than would be for long-term accumulation. The requirement for short-term accumulation may arise, for example, from a situation where the operator will have a certain electricity consumption agreed with the distribution network regulator for a certain period of time, eg 10 MW for a period of 20 minutes.

In this case, when designing the battery container 1, the auxiliary neck 10, for example in the form of a socket, opens to a certain calculated height above the lower support grate 7 so that the volume in the heating chamber between the lower heated grate 7 is immediately above the lower auxiliary neck 10 from the distribution network when heating the fluid to the designed temperature, eg to 250 ° C. Before starting the heating with short-term accumulation, the volume of water in the heating chamber 2 is first adjusted by moving the lowest part of the dividing bag 9, i.e. the bottom of this bag representing the interface of both chambers 2, 3, moving the bottom of the dividing bag 9 to the other. a certain predefined height, ie preferably immediately above the lower orifice .10. The bottom of the dividing bag 9 cannot be below the lower orifice 10 in order to ensure the correct function of this neck J0. From its previous position, for example from the position indicated in Fig. 4 or from the position immediately below the upper grate 8, it is moved to the desired position, preferably immediately above the lower mouth 10, so that part of the water from the heating chamber 2, i. from the space below the dividing bag 9, partially pumped by the circulation pump 24 to the auxiliary chamber 3, i.e. to the space above the dividing bag 9. Thus, the volume of water in the heating chamber 2 is prepared for subsequent heating. In FIG. of the circulation pump and in the direction through the main neck 6 for the supply / discharge of water as an auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom, the water is pumped from the heating chamber 2 to the auxiliary chamber 3. The other indicated shut-off valves are closed when pumping water. A predefined high pressure, eg 4 MPa, is maintained in the accumulator vessel 1.

-13CZ 309062 B6

Fig. 7 shows the hot water accumulator with electric heating of Fig. 4 in the state of ongoing short-term accumulation of electricity, i.e. in the phase of heating water in the heating chamber. When an indication of excess electricity in the distribution network is indicated, the water in the heating chamber 2 is heated by means of a resistance heating element located therein to the desired temperature, e.g. to 250 ° C at a pressure, e.g. 4 MPa. More efficient heating occurs when mixing the heated water, for example by the external circulation indicated in this figure via the circulation pump 24 located outside the accumulator vessel 1. The suction of the circulating pump 24 is connected via the open connection fitting 29 of the second circulating pump inlet to the lower orifice 10 in the form of a nozzle opening into the heating chamber 2 and the discharge of the circulating pump 24 is connected to the main circulating pump outlet 5 via the open connecting fitting 27 of the third circulating pump outlet. bottom supply / discharge at the bottom. The other closable fittings indicated in Fig. 7 are closed. The heated water from the heating chamber 2, i.e. from the space under the dividing bag 9, exits via the auxiliary port 10 and via the open connecting fitting 29 of the second circulating pump inlet and is conveyed via the circulating pump 24 via the connecting valve 27 of the third circulating pump outlet and the main nozzle 5. for supplying / discharging the water in the lower bottom back into the heating chamber 2 and thus circulating until the desired temperature is reached, e.g. the above-mentioned 250 ° C. The sensor for measuring this water temperature is positioned so as to measure the temperature of the water in the heating chamber 2. In the heating chamber 2, the water is heated at a high pressure, for example 4 MPa. When the required temperature is reached at the required pressure, the short-term accumulation of electricity in the hot water is terminated and the hot water accumulator is ready either for the next accumulation stage as described in Fig. 8 or for discharging the accumulated energy as described in Fig. 9.

Fig. 8 shows the hot water accumulator with electric heating of Fig. 4 in the phase for long-term electricity accumulation, i.e. with simultaneous heating of water in the heating chamber 2 and increasing volume of water in the heating chamber 2, the initial state of the dividing bag 9 is indicated on In a solid line, by circulating water through the circulating pump 24 through the closable fitting 28 of the first circulating pump inlet and the closable fitting 26 of the second circulating pump outlet, the desired temperature of 250 ° C was reached in the lower part of the heating chamber 2 between the lower grate and the higher auxiliary neck 11. After reaching the moment of filling the heating chamber 2 to the required volume of water for accumulation, when it is no longer necessary to pump more water to the heating chamber 2, the pumping is stopped and then the water is only heated to the required temperature with stirring through external circulation, as indicated by the arrows u solid lines in Fig. 8. Water is sucked from the heating chamber 2 by the circulating pump 24 through the main neck 5 in the lower bottom for water supply / discharge and through the open shut-off valve 28 of the first circulating pump inlet and the discharge of the circulating pump 24 returns this water through the open the closable fitting 26 of the second outlet of the circulating pump connected to the outlet of the auxiliary outlet 11 in the form of a socket back to the heating chamber 2. The other closable fittings in FIG. 8 are closed at this stage. The circulation again stirs the heated water and thus heats up more efficiently.

To continue the accumulation so that more energy can be accumulated in the hot water, in this exemplary embodiment the valves 26 and 28 are closed at the same time and the closable valves 27, 40, 30 are opened and the volume of water in the heating chamber 2 is gradually increased by pumping some or all of the volume. water by means of the circulation pump 24 from the auxiliary chamber 3 to the heating chamber 2, the state being indicated by the dashed line. During this pumping, the hot water in the heating chamber 2, originally heated during short-term accumulation to the desired temperature of 250 ° C, is mixed with cold water from the auxiliary chamber 3, which would reduce its temperature below the desired value and therefore the water supplied to the heating chamber 2 at the same time heats the electric heater 4 so that the temperature of the water in the lower part of the heating chamber 2, i.e. between the lower grate 7 and the upper auxiliary neck 10 opening above, is maintained at the desired value, for example 250 ° C. The homogeneous water temperature in this part of the heating chamber is ensured by another external circulation circuit via the valve 29, by means of which part of the hot water from the lower part of the heating chamber 2 circulates back to the suction of the circulation pump 24 and partially heats the circulating cold water supplied from the auxiliary chamber 3. provided that the water temperature in the upper part of the heating chamber 2, i.e. between the lower orifice and the upwardly moving bottom of the dividing bag, will be

-14EN 309062 B6 and thus also the part between the upper mouth 11 and the upwardly moving bottom of the dividing bag 9, always correspond to the desired temperature of the above-mentioned 250 ° C. External circulation of water from the heating chamber 2 through the valve 29, whereby the two fluids are mixed before being sucked into the circulation pump 24 and the mixed water is then returned to the heating chamber 2 via the auxiliary outlet 11 above, i.e. cold is mixed during water circulation. water on the external circulation circuit. These paths are indicated in Fig. 8 by arrows mainly at the pipe connections indicated by the dashed line. The suction of the circulation pump 24 is connected to the main inlet 6 for the supply / discharge of water as an auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom via the open closable connection fitting 30 of the third inlet circulation pump and the open connection fitting 40 and at the same time the suction is connected via the open closable connection The discharge of the circulating pump 24 is connected to the heating chamber 2, i.e. to the inner space at the lower bottom, via the open shut-off valve 27 of the third outlet of the circulating pump and via the main water inlet / outlet in the lower bottom. The lower orifice of the auxiliary neck 10 opens into the heating chamber 2 in a lower height position than the upper orifice of the auxiliary neck 11. The other closable fittings indicated in FIG. 8 are closed at this stage.

The volume of water for heating during long-term accumulation is at least such that the bottom of the dividing bag 9 is set to a position immediately above the upper mouth of the auxiliary neck 11, as indicated by the solid line of the bottom of the bag in Fig. 8, and at most such that the bottom of the dividing bag is bag 9 is set to a position just below the upper support grid 8, which is indicated by the dots. The required volume for long-term accumulation may also fall within the range between these positions. By pumping water from the auxiliary chamber 3 to the heating chamber 2, the bottom of the dividing bag 9 is moved upwards until it is set in the desired position, but at most until the bottom of the dividing bag rests on the upper support grate 8.

The suction of heated water through the lower orifice 10 and the open closable connection fitting 29 of the second circulating pump inlet to the suction of the circulating pump 24 is controlled so that the temperature of the aspirated fluid is at the desired heated fluid temperature, i.e. 250 ° C. In such an operation, there will always be water of the desired temperature, e.g. 250 ° C, in the space between the lower orifice 10 opening downwards and the sliding bottom of the dividing bag 9.

If the bottom of the dividing bag 9 has not been set to its highest possible position even at this stage, the process described above with reference to Fig. 8 can be repeated until the dividing bag 9 is set to the highest possible position when the accumulation of electricity in hot water is state of heating to the desired temperature at the bottom of the dividing bag 9 abutting the upper support grate 8, or charging can be stopped when the desired temperature is reached at the position of the bottom of the dividing bag 9 lower than the maximum possible highest position and go straight to the phase according to Fig. 9.

The second possibility is to interrupt the accumulation of electricity, i.e. the electric heater 4 has been disconnected and the circulation pump 24 has been switched off, the heated fluid remaining accumulated in the hot water accumulator for the required time. Then, the accumulation of electric energy can be continued by heating the water, as described in Fig. 8, or the discharging of the accumulator can be started with the supply of cogeneration energy from the accumulation, similarly as in Fig. 9.

The third option is to immediately start discharging the accumulator with the supply of cogeneration energy from the accumulation, i.e. electricity and heat, similarly as described in the circuit according to Fig. 9.

When an indication of a lack of electricity in the distribution network is indicated, a closable hot water fitting 14 opens at the outlet of the main neck 5 of the heating chamber 2 to the expander 15, the auxiliary chamber 3 a partition, a dividing bag 9, and partially or completely expels the heated water from the heating chamber 2 through the main neck 5 for the supply / discharge of water from the heating chamber 2 to the expander 15.

-15EN 309062 B6

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, the electrically heated hot water accumulator of FIG. The feed tank 22 with the feed pump 23 is connected to the main inlet 6 of the water inlet / outlet as an auxiliary fluid in the upper bottom via an open closable shut-off valve 32 to the auxiliary chamber and an open shut-off valve 30 of the third inlet. The outlet from the main water inlet / outlet 5 in the lower bottom is connected to the expander 15 via an open closable hot water fitting 14. The other indicated fittings are closed.

Before the start of this phase, the heating chamber 2 is completely or partially filled with hot water with high parameters, e.g. the above 4 MPa and 250 ° C, the bottom of the dividing bag 9 is initially supported either on the upper support grate 8 or in a lower position. above some auxiliary port 1θ, 11, if a smaller volume was chosen for heating than for the maximum possible accumulation of electricity, or during intermittent consumption of heated water for transformation back into electricity and heat.

By pumping water from the feed tank 22 via the feed pump 23 through the open closable filling fitting 32 to the auxiliary chamber and the open shutting fitting 30 of the third inlet and the main neck 6 in the upper bottom for supplying / discharging water as an auxiliary fluid, the auxiliary chamber 3 is filled with water, increases its volume. The bottom of the dividing bag 9 is pushed by the incoming water 3 on the side of the auxiliary chamber 3 and moves towards the lower support grate 7 and the heated water is forced out of the heating chamber 2 via the main water inlet / outlet 5 at the bottom. 14 towards the expander 15. The other closable fittings indicated in the figure are closed. Further steps leading to the transformation of energy into electricity are shown in Fig. 1. The hot water withdrawal phase when emptying the heating chamber 2 ends after the bottom of the dividing bag 9 rests on the lower support grate 7, when the entire space between the support grates 7, 8 is filled with cold water supplied from the feed tank 22 to the auxiliary chamber.

Then the closable hot water fitting 14 at the outlet of the main neck 5 of the heating chamber 2 to the expander 15 is closed, the supply of auxiliary fluid to the auxiliary chamber 3 is stopped and water is filled into the heating chamber 2 for further heating while increasing the volume of the heating chamber 2. the fluid is partially or completely expelled from the auxiliary chamber 3 and the volume of the auxiliary chamber 3 is reduced.

To start the next cycle of accumulating electrical energy in the hot water, the bottom of the dividing bag 9 must be set, for example, by pumping some or all of the water from the auxiliary chamber 3 to the heating chamber 2 to a position corresponding to the required volume heating. the lowest immediately above the lower orifice 10 and for long-term accumulation is immediately above the higher orifice 11, which is the preferred position, in principle this position can be at any height between the auxiliary necks 10, 11. The bottom of the dividing bag 9 moves at any height between the auxiliary neck 11 and the upper support grate 8.

Industrial applicability

The invention described above can also be used in the field of heating, ZEVO, industrial energy.

Claims (11)

A hot water accumulator suitable for high pressures, e.g. 2 to 10 MPa, the inner space of which is delimited at least by the wall of the accumulator vessel (1), which is at least partially provided with thermal insulation, and is divided into at least two separate chambers (2, 3). ), where each of the chambers (2, 3) has at least one main neck (5, 6) for the supply / discharge of water or auxiliary fluid connectable to a closable inlet / outlet, where each of the main ports (5, 6) is internally the support grid (7, 8) and the chambers (2, 3) are separated by a dividing bag (9) attached by its edge to the wall of the battery container (1) between the support grids (7, 8) to prevent mixing of water and auxiliary fluid in individual parts of the chambers, a part of the dividing bag (9) being movable between the support grids (7, 8) by supplying water or auxiliary fluid to any of the chambers (2, 3) increasing its volume and expelling water or auxiliary fluid at the open chambers (2, 3) and thus reducing its volume, the container ( 1) of the accumulator is a vertical cylindrical container having a wall and a lower bottom, on which the lower support grid (7) is projected, and an upper bottom, on which the upper support grid (8) is projected, characterized in that one of the chambers (2, 3) is a heating chamber (2) equipped with a main water inlet / outlet (5) opening at the bottom, and at least one electric heater (4) located in the space formed between the bottom and the lower support grate (7), and the other of the chambers is an auxiliary chamber (3) equipped with a main neck (6) for the supply / discharge of the auxiliary fluid opening at the upper bottom. The hot water accumulator according to claim 1, wherein the electric heater (4) is an electric resistance heating element for electric heating of the fluid connectable to the electric distribution network. Hot water accumulator according to claim 1 or 2, in which the dividing bag (9) is shape-adaptable according to the shape of the support grids (7, 8) and the wall of the accumulator container (1). Hot water accumulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the inner surface of the wall of the accumulator container (1) is provided with insulation between the lower support grate (7) and the upper support grate (8). A hot water accumulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, for using water as an auxiliary fluid, which comprises a feed pump (23) connected to a common feed tank (22), in which each main neck (5, 6) is for supply / discharge. water or auxiliary fluid from / to the accumulator container (1) is connected on the one hand by its own path provided with at least one closable fitting (33) directly to the inlet of the common supply tank (22) and on the other hand by its own way provided with at least one closable fitting (31, 32, 40) via the feed pump (23) to the outlet of the common feed tank (22). A hot water accumulator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heating chamber (2) comprises at least one additional neck (10, 11) opening in the wall of the accumulator vessel (1), through which the heating chamber (2) is connected to an external circulation circuit equipped with a circulating circuit. a pump (24) located outside the heating chamber (2) for the external circulation of water from the heating chamber (2) during heating, where the circulation circuit has both each separate inlet path and each separate outlet path connecting the circulation pump (24) to the heating chamber (2). ) equipped with at least one closable fitting (26, 27, 28, 29), the dividing bag (9) being attached to the wall of the hot water accumulator vessel (1) above the uppermost auxiliary neck (10, 11), part of the dividing bag (9) it can be extended up to the farther of the support grids (7, 8). A hot water accumulator according to any one of the preceding claims, for utilizing water as an auxiliary fluid, comprising between the auxiliary chamber (3) and the heating chamber (2) a path outside the accumulator vessel (1) with a circulating pump (24) for pumping water from the auxiliary chamber. (3) to the heating chamber (2), and further comprising between the heating chamber (2) and the auxiliary chamber (3) a path outside the accumulator vessel (1) with a circulating pump (24) for pumping water from the heating chamber (2) to the auxiliary chamber (3), where each entry and exit of these paths -17EN 309062 B6 to / from the battery container (1) is equipped with at least one closable fitting (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40), preferably the circulation circuit and the water transfer paths between the auxiliary and heating chamber have a common one. circulation pump (24). A system for accumulating electrical energy in hot water and for transforming it back into electrical energy, comprising a steam generator (37) comprising at least one saturated steam expander (15), wherein the saturated steam output from the expander (15) is further connected to a steam superheater (16) having its superheated steam outlet provided with a closable saturated steam fitting (35) for supplying steam to the steam turbogenerator (17) of the power plant; and a condensate outlet from a saturated steam expander (15) connectable to a hot water supply system and also provided with a closable condensate fitting (34), characterized in that said system further comprises a hot water accumulator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heating chamber (2) is connected to the steam generator (37) through the main inlet (5) for the supply / discharge of water for heating via a closable hot water fitting (14). The system of claim 8, further comprising a steam turbogenerator power plant (17) with an electric generator (19) and a steam turbine with a third condensing section of the steam turbine (18), to the input of which a superheated steam output from the steam generator (37) is connected. ), and where the electric generator (19) is connected to the transmission system and the adjoining electric distribution network electrically connected to the electric heater (4) located in the hot water accumulator vessel (1), the magnitude of the instantaneous power of the electric heater (4) being adjustable depending to regulate the excess electricity in the distribution network. A method of accumulating electric energy in a hot water accumulator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein - the main neck (5) for the supply / discharge of water of the hot water accumulator vessel (1) into its variable volume heating chamber (2) fills the water so as to occupy 25 to 100% of the internal volume of the hot water accumulator vessel (1) and the remaining internal volume the vessel (1) of the hot water accumulator up to 100%, which falls on the auxiliary chamber (3) separated by a dividing bag (9) impermeable to water from the heating chamber (2), is filled through the main neck (6) for supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid , for example water, and subsequently - when an indication of excess electricity in the distribution network is indicated, the water in the heating chamber (2) is heated by means of an electric heater (4) located therein at a pressure of 2 to 1 OMPa to a saturation temperature corresponding to the given pressure, and subsequently - when indicating a lack of electricity in the distribution network, a closable hot water fitting (14) opens at the outlet from the main neck (5) of the heating chamber (2) to the expander (15), the auxiliary fluid (3) is admitted with increasing auxiliary volume a chamber (3) which presses on the movable part of the dividing bag (9) and partially or completely expels the heated water from the heating chamber (2) through the main neck (5) for supplying / discharging water from the heating chamber (2) to the expander (15), - after which the closable hot water fitting (14) at the outlet from the main neck (5) of the heating chamber (2) to the expander (15) is closed, the supply of auxiliary fluid to the auxiliary chamber (3) is stopped and water is filled into the heating chamber (2) for further heating while increasing the volume of the heating chamber (2), wherein the auxiliary fluid is partially or completely expelled from the auxiliary chamber (3) and the volume of the auxiliary chamber (3) is reduced. -18CZ 309062 B6 The electric energy storage method according to claim 10, wherein the water heated in the heating chamber (2) is driven by a circulating pump (24) located outside the heating chamber (2) and is circulated through the outer circulation circuit and the heating chamber through two ports ( 5, 10, 11) 5 opens into the heating chamber until the desired temperature is reached. 9 drawings List of reference marks 1 battery container 2 heating chambers 3 auxiliary chamber 4 electric heater 5 main water inlet / outlet 6 main neck for supply / discharge of auxiliary fluid 7 lower support grate 8 upper support grate 9 dividing bag 10 lower orifice 11 above-mouthed auxiliary neck 12 inner shell 13 dividing bag holder 14 hot water shut-off valve 15 expander 16 steam superheater 17 steam turbogenerator 18 third - condensing part of the steam turbine 19 electric generator 20 capacitor 21 gearbox 22 supply tank 23 feed pump 24 circulation pump 25 closable fitting of the first outlet of the circulation pump 26 is a closable fitting for the second outlet of the circulation pump 27 closable armature of the third outlet of the circulation pump 28 can be closed by the first inlet of the circulation pump 29 closable fitting of the second inlet of the circulation pump 30 closable fitting of the third inlet of the circulation pump 31 lockable filling fitting for the heating chamber 32 lockable filling fitting for the auxiliary chamber 33 closable fitting at the entrance to the common supply tank 34 lockable condensate fitting 35 lockable saturated steam outlet fitting 36 expansion pipes 37 steam generator 38 first part of a steam turbine 39 second part of the steam turbine 40 lockable connecting fitting