CZ306855B6 - A sensory network with the binary tree topology - Google Patents

Abstract

The sensory network with the binary tree topology comprises the network root (A) for connecting the network to a control system for addressing the end member (C) and for reading the data of these end members (C), to which, there is connect at least one end member (C) via at least one node (B) with the switch (6) for addressing the end member (C) by means of a signal applied via an active addressed conductor to the node (B) switch and via at least one interconnection line (D) comprising the address conductors (2), the power conductor (3), the data conductor (4) and the earthed conductor (5). The node (B) switch (6) comprises a control contact, the input contact (a) and two output contacts (b, c), where the active address conductor (2a) of the superior branch of the sensory network, whose signal switch (5) switches between the subbranches, is fed to the control contact, the data conductor (4) of the superior branch of the sensory network is fed to the input contact (a) of the switch (6).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a sensory network with a binary tree topology, wherein each node can be divided into two subtrees.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, the following three approaches are most commonly used to design sensor networks for smart homes:

The first variant is to connect all sensors directly to the central element, see Fig. 1. However, the disadvantage of such a solution is a large number of cables connected to the control computer, which are usually up to tens, and problematic extensibility when it is necessary to connect the new sensor to the control unit, which is usually located at a remote location such as a cellar.

The second variant is a central control unit communicating with other nodes and sensors over a standard bus, see Fig. 2. However, the disadvantage of such a solution is the necessity to use active nodes meeting the requirements of communication over the selected bus. Normally, each element must be equipped with a microcontroller enabling communication via communication protocols such as Ethemet, CAN, KNX, etc. In addition, it must contain application firmware that allows you to change the identifier on the bus, update firmware, etc. Each element is a relatively complex device. is reflected in the cost of such systems. Another disadvantage arises from the bus topology, which does not allow branching, so extensibility in topological conditions of houses is very problematic.

The third variant is a distributed system without a central element, see Fig. 3. However, its big disadvantage is the high relative complexity of each element in the network, since it must allow communication with all other elements in the network. All the functionality is distributed among individual elements, making it very difficult to configure the system or independently update the firmware in each element, which places great demands on the overhead of the system as a whole.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a sensory network with a binary tree topology that avoids the above disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks are largely overcome by a binary-tree topology sensory network, comprising a network root to connect the network to a control system, to address the end member and to read the data of these end members over which there is at least one a switch node for addressing an end member by means of a signal applied via an active address wire to a node switch control contact, and at least one interconnecting line comprising address wires, a power wire, a data wire, and a ground wire connected at least one end member; contains control contact, input contact and two output contacts, where the control contact is connected to the active address wire of the sensory network branch, whose switch signal switches between the branches, the input contact of the switch is connected to the data wire above sensory network branches, and the data contacts of the sensory network subsector are connected to the output contacts.

In a preferred embodiment, the control system is a computer or programmable logic controller or single board computer.

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In another preferred embodiment, the switch is single or bipolar.

In another preferred embodiment, the node comprises an input connector including address conductor connection pins, a power conductor connection pin, a data conductor connection pin, and a ground conductor connection pin, a first and a second output connector comprising address conductor connection pins, a power wire connection, data wire and ground wire pin, data wire switch, implements a 2-channel analog multiplex, designed to switch the incoming data wire to the first or second output connector, where the first input connector pin is routed through an active the second pin of the input connector is connected via the first address wire to the first pin of the output connectors, the third pin of the input connector is connected via the second address wire to the second pin of the output connector ore, the fourth pin of the input connector is routed by the third address wire to the third pin of the output connectors, the fifth pin of the input connector is routed by the fourth address wire to the fourth pin of the output connectors, the sixth pin of the input connector is routed the input connector pin is led through the data wire to the input contact and the switches, and then through the first output contact of the switch to the seventh pin of the first output connector, and through the second output contact of the switch to the seventh pin of the second output connector, connected to the eighth pin of the output connectors using a grounding conductor.

In another preferred embodiment, the node is equipped with an LED for indicating the on state.

In another preferred embodiment, the end member comprises a power conductor, an earth conductor, and a data conductor.

In another preferred embodiment, the end member is provided with its own power supply from the sensing network, or external, or comprises a voltage source in the form of a Zener diode, or a linear or switched source.

Clarification of drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be further illustrated by the drawings, wherein FIG. 1 represents a prior art sensory network with all sensors connected directly to a central element; FIG. 2 represents a prior art sensory network where the central controller communicates with other nodes and sensors via a standard bus; Fig. 3 represents a prior art sensory network without a central element; Fig. 4 shows an example of a sensory network according to the invention with 5 address wires, data conductor, power conductor and ground; Fig. 5 represents a sensory network node according to the invention; Fig. 6b shows a second example of addressing in a sensory network according to the invention with three address wires and one data conductor, and Fig. 7 shows a sensory network according to the invention with binary topology of a tree.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A sensor network with a binary tree topology according to the invention is described by way of example in Fig. 4, and comprises a network root A to which at least one terminal member C is connected via at least one node B and at least one interconnecting line D.

The network root A implements the network connection to the control system, which addresses the end members C and reads data therefrom. The control system can be a computer, a programmable logic controller, or a single-board computer. The network root A must be equipped with at least the same number of I / O pins for

Advantageously, it may be a microcontroller, such as an Arduino, which can further communicate with the host computer. A computer or a single-board computer can also be used to control input / output pins, such as Rasppery Pi, BeagleBone, etc.

The network node B implements addressing of the end member C by means of a switch that directs the flow of information from the branch to the desired sub-address. The switching is controlled by a signal applied via the active address wire to the switch control contact. After receiving / not accepting the control signal, the data conductor connected to the switch input to the desired switch output is then switched on / off. The switch can be single-pole or double-pole in case of communication with sensors using multiple communication wires.

An example of an eight-wire data wire node B is shown in detail in Fig. 5, comprising an input connector 1, a first and a second output connector 7A, 7B, and a data wire switch 6, wherein:

- an input connector 1 comprising pins a, b, 2, d, e for connecting the address wires 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, pin f for connecting the power wire 3, pin g for connecting the data wire 4 and pin h for connection ground conductor 5. The address conductors 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e transmit the address information to the subtree. The address wire 2 connected to the first pin and the input connector 1 is the active address wire 2a determining whether the first output connector 7b or the second output connector 7c of the switch 6 is active,

- first and second output connectors 7A, 7B, comprising pins a, b, c, d, e for connecting the address conductors 2, pin f for connecting the power conductor 3, pin g for connecting the data conductor 4 and pin h for the grounding conductor 5,

the data conductor switch 6, e.g., as a circuit 74LVC1G53, performs the function of a 2-channel analog multiplex, connecting the incoming data conductor 4 to the first or second output connector 7A, 7B.

The internal connection of the node B, according to the example shown in Fig. 5, is such that:

- the first pin a of the input connector 1 is led via the active data conductor 2a to the control contact of the switch 6,

- the second pin b of the input connector 1 is routed via the first address wire 2b to the first pin and the output connectors 7A, 7B,

- the third pin c of the input connector 1 is routed via the second address wire 2c to the second pin b of the output connectors 7A, 7B,

- the fourth pin d of the input connector 1 is routed via the third address wire 2d to the third pin c of the output connectors 7A, 7B,

- the fifth pin e of the input connector 1 is routed via the fourth address wire 2e to the fourth pin d of the output connectors 7A, 7B,

- the sixth pin f of the input connector 1 is routed via the power conductor 3 to the sixth pin f of the output connectors 7 A, 7B,

- the seventh pin g of the input connector 1 is led through the data conductor 4 to the input contact and the switch 6, and then via the first output contact b of the switch 6 to the seventh pin g of the first output connector 7A; seventh pin g of second output connector 7B,

- and the eighth pin h of the input connector 1 is led by the grounding wire 5 to the eighth pin h of the output connectors 7A, 7B,

Node B can be equipped with an LED connected to pin a, allowing detection of the activation of the node, or the LED can be connected directly to the power supply.

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The terminal member C functions as a sensor or actuator. It must include the possibility to connect the entire sensory network to the ground and the possibility of connecting adequate data conductors for information transmission. Most often it contains just three wires, which are: supply wire, ground wire and data wire. The most common analog signal can be transmitted over the data wire, but it can also be used to transmit information using a one-wire protocol or half-duplex serial communication. The terminal member C can be equipped with its own power supply of the required level obtained either from the sensory network or externally. It may further comprise a voltage source in the form of a Zener diode, or a linear or switched source. Preferably, the terminal member C should utilize a 3V voltage obtained directly from the sensory network.

Interconnection line D enables interconnection of all network elements. It must consist of address wires and at least one data wire. Advantageously, standard ΌΤΡ cables with eight conductors can be used, where five conductors will be used to address up to 32 elements, one conductor will be a data conductor, and two conductors will be for power and ground. However, more or less core conductors may be used, depending on the required maximum number of available C terminal members.

The principle of operation is described in the exemplary three-address network illustrated in FIGS. 6a and 6b. However, the same principle can be applied to any number of address wires.

Giant. 6a shows an example of addressing the end member C with address 010. The first number 0 causes the switch to be activated at the first node so that the left side of the tree remains active. The first conductor no longer runs and the second conductor continues to act as the first conductor of the downstream node. The second number 1 activates the switch on the second node by activating the right part of the tree. The first conductor no longer runs and the second conductor continues to act as the first conductor of the downstream node. The third number 0 activates the switch at the third node by activating the left side of the network and opening the path for data signal transmission from the requested sensor to the root node of the network.

Giant. 6b shows an example of addressing the end member C with addressing 110. The first number 1 causes the switch to be activated at the first node so that the right part of the tree remains active. The first conductor no longer runs and the second conductor continues to act as the first conductor of the downstream node. The second number 1 activates the switch on the second node by activating the right part of the tree. The first conductor no longer runs and the second conductor continues to act as the first conductor of the downstream node. The third number 0 activates the switch at the third node by activating the left side of the network and opening the path for data signal transmission from the requested sensor to the root node of the network.

An advantage of the present sensor network according to the invention is the central control, which is simple to program, and that the sensor network is connected to the central element by only one cable, which places minimal demands on the central element connectivity. Another advantage is that the switching nodes are passive, ie they contain no intelligence, no own program, which implies simplicity and reliability of the whole network. Thanks to the tree structure, the network can also be easily expanded with additional elements in the end nodes by simply splitting and adding another subtree.

The sensor network according to the invention can be advantageously used in the wiring of intelligent houses, see Fig. 7, in a mobile robot for connecting sensors placed on the robot to a control computer, etc.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Sensor network with binary tree topology, characterized in that: - it contains a network root (A) to connect the network to the control system, to address the end member (C) and to read the data of these end members (C), - over which there is at least one node (B) with a switch (6) intended to address the end member (C) by means of a signal applied via an active address wire to the control contact of the node switch (B), - and at least one interconnecting line (D) comprising the address wires (2), the supply conductor (3), the data conductor (4) and the ground conductor (5), - at least one end member (C) is connected, - wherein the switch (6) of the node (B) comprises a control contact, an input contact (a) and two output contacts (b, c), wherein - an active address wire (2a) of the sensory network branch is connected to the control contact, the signal of which the switch (6) switches between the branches, - the data contact (4) of the sensor network branch is connected to the input contact (a) of the switch (6), - and the data contacts of the sensory network subsector are connected to the output contacts (b, c). Sensory network according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system is a computer or a programmable controller or a single-board computer. Sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch (6) is single-pole or bipolar. Sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that the node (B) comprises - an input connector (1) comprising pins (a, b, c, d, e) for connecting the address wires (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e), pin (f) for connecting the power wire (3), pin ( g) for connection of data conductor (4) and pin (h) for connection of ground conductor (5), - a first and a second output connector (7A, 7B) comprising pins (a, b, c, d, e) for connecting the address wires (2), pin (f) for connecting the power conductor (3), pin (g) for connection of data wire (4) and pin (h) for connection of ground wire (5), - a data conductor switch (6), performing the function of a 2-channel analog multiplex, for switching the incoming data conductor (4) to the first or second output connector (7A, 7B), wherein - the first pin (a) of the input connector (1) is routed via the active data wire (2a) to the control contact of the switch (6), - the second pin (b) of the input connector (1) is routed via the first address wire (2b) to the first pin (a) of the output connectors (7A, 7B), - the third pin (c) of the input connector (1) is routed via the second address wire (2c) to the second pin (b) of the output connectors (7A, 7B), - the fourth pin (d) of the input connector (1) is routed via a third address wire (2d) to the third pin (c) of the output connectors (7A, 7B), - the fifth pin (e) of the input connector (1) is routed via the fourth address wire (2e) to the fourth pin (d) of the output connectors (7A, 7B), - the sixth pin (f) of the input connector (1) is routed via the power conductor (3) to the sixth pin (f) of the output connectors (7A, 7B), -5GB 306855 B6 - the seventh pin (g) of the input connector (1) is led through the data conductor (4) to the input contact and the switches (6), and subsequently via the first output contact (b) of the switch (6) to the seventh pin (g) connector (7A), and via the second output contact (c) of the switch (6) is routed to the seventh pin (g) of the second output connector (7B), - and the eighth pin (h) of the input connector (1) is routed via the ground wire (5) to the eighth pin (h) of the output connectors (7A, 7B). Sensor network according to claim 1, characterized by a diode for indicating the on state. that the node (B) is equipped with an LED Sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply conductor, the ground conductor and the data conductor. that the end member (C) comprises that the end member (C) is a discharge, The sensory network according to claim 1, characterized by its own power supply from the sensory network, or external, or comprises a voltage source in the form of a Zener diode, or a linear or switched source.