CZ306677B6 - A building structure, in particular a vault, consisting of plastic bottles and a flat structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A building structure, in particular a vault, consisting of plastic bottles and a flat structure is a demountable prefabricated structure composed of multiple different materials, which is used to create a temporary installation. The structure is translucent and consists of the flat structure (2) - mesh, fasteners in the form of plastic straps and used plastic bottles (1) of 1.5 l. The plastic bottles (1) represent the load-carrying part of the structure subjected to compressive stress and the mesh with the connecting plastic straps its connecting part subjected to tensile stress. The lightness of the structure enables its mobility and flexibility in temporary installations.

Description

Building structures, in particular vaults, consisting of plastic bottles and a sheet

Field of technology

The invention is directed to the reuse of plastic bottles in architecture and thus in construction. The architecture does not yet deal much with the construction of waste plastic bottles, and therefore there is untapped potential for temporary structures. It is a detachable prefabricated structure composed of several elements of different materials, which serves to create a temporary installation and can also be illuminated.

Prior art

Previously known constructions from PET bottles are documented in the book "Phenomenon of architecture from PET bottles", Nováková 2014. The principle of screwing bottles into mesh for joining them is not unusual, it is known especially from the example of Coca Cola Bow in Beijing from 2013. Here are bottles screwed into the galvanized mesh, but do not form a supporting part of the structure, but are hung on a special iron structure and form a decorative layer.

The installation of Head in the Clouds, where milk containers are screwed into the network, is constructed according to the same principle. The supporting structure here again consists of a steel frame, which is filled with panels of bottles.

The construction consisting of special bottles, which are screwed into a rigid plate, is known from Taiwan in 2010. The author is designed by the company MINIWIZ, which produces bottles from recycled material only for construction purposes. These bottles are used here in the sense of a visual barrier, not as part of the load-bearing layer of the building. They are not stressed by pressure.

There is a known system for pouring PET bottles into a prefabricated wall, the Czech utility model CZ 12054 and the Czech patent CZ 294 646, where the binder is concrete, which is a disadvantage from an ecological point of view. The bottles here form only air insulation. PET bottles were also used in the construction solution of the Czech patent CZ 294 667, in a prefabricated element of perimeter masonry. The bottles behave here like lost formwork and help to form cavities, but they are not load-bearing.

The Czech application of the invention 2624-97 on the use of waste bottles from plastics for construction purposes was also found, where the author claims that it is possible to lay bottles completely free between vertical structures. Experiments and research using the publication "150,000 PET Bottles" show that such a solution does not have a real documented form. None of the above examples seeks the structural load-bearing capacity of an element made of post-user PET bottles, which are not specially modified and therefore do not require any additional modification.

The essence of the invention

The existing shortcomings are largely eliminated by the building structure, in particular the vault, consisting of plastic bottles and a sheet with openings, according to the invention. Its essence is that the plastic bottles are fixed to the perforated sheet by means of a thread on their neck and the plastic bottle cap itself, the axis of the plastic bottles being in a direction perpendicular to the perforated sheet. Plastic bottles are in the shape of a load-bearing layer - they are the load-bearing part of the entire building structure.

The perforated sheet is preferably formed by a mesh, and the individual perforated sheets can be connected to one another.

CZ 306677 Β6

The structure consists of mesh, connecting elements in the form of plastic strips and used plastic bottles with a volume of 1.5 l, where the plastic bottles represent the load-bearing load-bearing part of the structure and the mesh with the connecting plastic strips its tensile connecting part. The lightness of the construction allows its mobility and flexibility in temporary installations. The cylinders in the construction have a volume of mainly 1.5 liters and the size of their neck is 28 mm in diameter. However, the construction can also be built from bottles of a different volume, especially 2 L or 0.5 L, where it makes sense to use bottles, their production is excessive and therefore their occurrence is numerous. It depends on the ratio of the mesh size in the connecting net to the bottle neck, where the mesh spacing allows the bottles to be screwed side by side so that they self-compress when the panel is bent.

The connecting mesh is a welded galvanized mesh with a wire diameter of 2 mm and a mesh size of 25 mm. In order to be able to screw the neck of the bottle into the eye, it is necessary to slightly widen the eye, for example by inserting a wider preform or using a metal tool, especially a hammer. The mesh is cut into symmetrical panels resembling the petals of a flowering herb with a rounded edge of shape A and a lower edge of shape B. These dimensions depend on the shape of the resulting object, the surface of which forms, however, a rectangular strip forms a vault. This is created by the action of the bottles against each other by pressure on the inner side of the structure and a net acting by pulling on the outer side, where the bottles are fastened with a neck and screwed with a lid. The bottles must be filled with air, not trampled, as the air inside forms the carrier medium. The bottles then exert pressure on each other, the walls of the panel C, D, E are firmly attached to the ground or tied with rods. The size of the panel is not limited, but the bending radius must be less than 180 ° such that the lower parts of the bottles are pressed against each other so that the circumference of their base is changed from circular to flattening on the pushing sides.

The building unit is preferably made of waste plastic sealable containers made of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP. The cylinders forming part of the building unit can be filled with a filling selected from the group of liquid, gas or bulk material and their combinations.

The essence of the invention is based on the need to solve the excess of plastic waste. The solution is derived from experiments performed on a PET bottle, where it turned out that the PET bottle is a tolerable building unit. The construction uses the flexibility of plastic - polyethylene terephthalate, which can be easily compressed, but at the same time poorly permeable to air. The washed closed bottle proves a high load capacity: up to 1.4 tons. The construction principle uses discarded beverage containers. For aesthetic quality, it is better to remove labels from used bottles, so they do not prevent the distribution of light.

According to the requirements for stability and other properties of the building unit, it is possible to fill with liquid, especially water, gas, especially air and air with a high proportion of CO ₂ and solids, especially loose. It is also more possible to fill with mixtures of substances. The building unit can be manufactured in various sizes while maintaining its principle of construction and connection.

Explanation of drawings

The building structure according to the invention will be described in more detail on a specific exemplary embodiment with the aid of the accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows an exemplary building structure in the preparatory phase. Fig. 2 shows an exemplary building structure in the form of a polyhedron and Fig. 3 in the form of a vault.

Example of an embodiment of the invention

The construction principle is used to construct a Christmas tree. This construction uses the load-bearing capacity of PET bottles £ on the inside of the structural panels and the decorative properties of PET bottles £ on the outside of the panels. The mesh panel 2 - the mesh in the middle of the layers serves as a connecting element to which lights are attached in order to illuminate the Christmas tree at night. The construction of the tree will be composed of twelve panels of the same size as in Figures 1 and 3, the twelfth panel being adapted to be removable and to be used to open and block the passage into the tree, as required. The panels are built vertically, the size of their base being derived from the size of the mesh supplied by the manufacturer, in this case 1 meter. The longer dimension of the panel is 5.7 meters. The panels are covered with a load-bearing and decorative layer in such a way that a part of the panel is always left free on the same side in order to overlap on the side panel and bind them together. The Christmas tree is more than 5 meters high and hollow. The diameter of the base of the tree is 3.4 meters. The size of the cavity is just such that several people can fit in a tree at the same time. The radius of the vault is just such that the pressure on the bottles 1 is created, but at the same time the structure resembled a tree, ie it was taller than wider. The vault will be loaded from above by an illuminated star.

The weight of one panel with a carrier layer is about 40 Kg, the total weight of the panel varies according to the number of bottles 1 in the decorative layer. In order for the tree to be stable, the bottles 1 in the lower three layers of the panel are filled with sand, so that the structure is loaded and is more stable to stress, eg by wind, in the horizontal direction.

Industrial applicability

Installations using this type of construction can be used for significant exhibitions, shelters, accommodation or warehouses without significant financial costs when adding a waterproof layer to the load-bearing layer, while maintaining mobility, lightness and transparency of such buildings, especially in areas with cheap labor. This type of construction can also serve as lost formwork.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS A building structure, in particular a vault, consisting of plastic bottles (1) and a perforated panel (2), characterized in that the cylinders (1) are fastened to the at least one perforated panel (2) by means of a thread on their neck. and the actual closure of the plastic bottle (1), the axis of the plastic bottles (1) being in a direction perpendicular to the perforated sheet (2) and the plastic bottles (1) being a supporting part of the structure. Building structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the planar structure (2) with openings is formed by a mesh. Building structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual planar structures (2) are connected to one another with openings.