CZ303305B6 - Method of drying sawn timber and apparatus for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invented method of drying sawn timber is characterized in that pilling strips (2) are double-sided applied on sawn timber (1) and then, during drying, pressure power is induced by forcing mechanical means to sawn timber (1) from opposite sides, but on other sides of sawn timber (1) than pilling strips (2) are present. Preferably, such counteracted to whole saw timber (1) layers in chocks, which layers are arranged as areal planar formation, pressure power is at least in intensity sufficient to force saw timber (1) to each other and keeping them without gaps. Apparatus for making the above-described method comprises piling strips (2) provided with a pair of arresting stops (4, 5). At least one of them is movable, provided with a force element (6). Preferably, piling strips (2) are firmly attached with a gap between them in which a force element (6), preferably spring is located. The apparatus is provided at least with a pressing element (11) for exerting pressure perpendicularly toward the movement of the arresting stops (4, 5).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the woodworking industry. A novel method of drying lump wood in general is solved, the invention being particularly suitable for drying lumber. Furthermore, a device for drying timber is solved by a new method.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The problem of wood drying concerns mainly lumber. As sawn wood is meant here after sawing, which is in the form of so-called plastered timber, or unedged sawn timber after initial cutting by sawing, or is in the form of slats, prisms, veneer, etc.

The prior art methods of drying timber are mainly concerned with temperature, humidity and ensuring the flow of media for moisture removal during drying. Drying of timber is basically started already by cutting the original material, which takes place under natural conditions in normal environment. Industrial drying methods are carried out as drying in chambers or other designated areas. The sawn timber is dried as individual pieces, or mostly, as so-called stacks, which are systems where the sawn timber is loosely stacked in layers one above the other, interspersed with so-called inserts. Each layer of lumber forms a planar planar formation, and gaps are created between them by means of so-called interleaves for the flow of the medium carrying away the released moisture. Simple form bodies such as battens, prisms, slabs and similar simple substrates are used as interleaves to allow for gaps between individual layers of sawn timber. Sometimes weights are additionally placed on the lumber to increase the effect of weight and thus reduce unwanted twisting of the lumber during drying. The drying processes are constantly accelerated and improved. Drying processes are known from a number of documents. Drying methods, as well as methods for accelerating and improving drying, focus on the physico-chemical action on the lumber. In particular, it is the choice of a suitable drying, temperature, humidity, microwave action, for example according to WO 82/01766, maintaining a different percentage of the drying environment relative to the timber moisture, such as according to WO 82/01411, and the like. they achieve the effect essentially only by creating the right environment for the dried lumber and the devices for performing these methods are chambers equipped with means for creating the desired environment.

A disadvantage of the existing methods of drying timber and the apparatus for carrying out these methods is that they do not completely and economically solve the problem of undesired fiber cracking and deformation of the timber during drying. The problem arises because the drying results in a reduction in the dimensions of the lumber, which results in cracks in the wood and in the formation of cracks and gaps between the individual pieces of lumber in the stack layers. Reducing the dimensions causes stress and movement of the material, while the gaps and joints that occur between the individual pieces of material facilitate deformation and cracking, and even help fix the cracks and deformations. Since the lumber is stacked loosely at the edges, lintels between the lumber layers cannot prevent the undesirable effects of drying.

WO 1999/023429 (PCT / FR1998 / 002318) discloses a method of drying sawn timber utilizing the creation of a determined pressure in the drying chamber. The method consists of pressurizing the sealed chamber to a predetermined pressure by injecting or generating saturated steam and maintaining this pressure for a predetermined period of time while maintaining forced circulation of air and saturated steam in the chamber. Further, heating is carried out to heat the wood core by radiating microwaves and to remove liquid effluents from the wood flowing down to the bottom of the chamber where they are collected. The device according to WO 1999/023429 comprises a chamber interconnected by windows with a waveguide and equipped with elements for creating and maintaining said physico-chemical processes in the chamber cavity. During the drying process, the timber is stored in the chamber. The rakes are formed on a trolley, allowing transport from and to the chamber. No mechanical means are applied to the edge itself or the lumber layer in the heats during the drying process. According to this patent, by applying a pressure generated by an overall increase in pressure in the chamber cavity for a certain period of time, it has a positive effect on the drying process. The document mentions that by increasing the pressure, the cracking of the wood fibers is reduced and the rate of undesirable deformation of the material is reduced.

By increasing the atmospheric pressure in the drying space, the cracking of the fibers of the wood material is partially reduced, but the spatial drying of the material and its consequences are not substantially reduced. Therefore, even with this method of drying and the use of said apparatus, the consequences of drying of the material, accompanied by a reduction in the volume of the dried timber, are not eliminated. As with other existing drying methods and existing equipment, gaps create gaps between the pieces of material, stacked side by side as a result of drying, and this spatial play allows for cracking, twisting, and undesirable undulating of the lumber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above disadvantages overcome the invention to a large extent. It is a method of drying sawn timber, in which the dried sawn timber pieces are also fixed against load distortion, which is carried out by placing the inserts on two opposite sides of the dried sawn timber, whereby, due to the volume of these inserts, where the leading, free space. The moisture removed from the sawn timber is then discharged through it during drying, and in addition to the gravity and the weight of the sawn timber and interleaves, at least temporarily a compressive force is applied to the dried sawn timber during drying. The essence of the invention is that the compressive force is not merely an increase in atmospheric pressure in the dryer environment as in the present methods, but the compressive force is exerted by mechanical means by pressing them against the dried lumber pieces against each other. two opposite sides than the leading. This results in compression of the sawn timber, respectively. tapping the individual pieces of timber together, preventing gaps between adjacent pieces of timber and cracks from decreasing the volume of wood by drying, and as a result undesirable undulation and curvature of the timber is prevented. However, the additional effect of compressive force by increasing atmospheric pressure, or the action of microwaves or a combination with other modern drying methods is not excluded.

Preferably, in carrying out the method of the invention, the dried timber is first stacked in at least one sheet forming a planar planar formation, and then the interleaves are applied to the planar surfaces of the planar such that free spaces are formed around the planar surfaces. During drying, a compressive force is exerted by the mechanical means acting on the lateral surfaces of the lumber layer or layers, the compressive force being applied as a pressure on the lateral sides of the lumber layer facing each other and simultaneously in the direction of the planar surfaces of the layer. This is carried out continuously or intermittently over a period of time, the compressive force being applied at an intensity at least sufficient to press the pieces of wood together and keeping them, even after the shrinkage caused by shrinkage, side by side without creating gaps between adjacent pieces of wood.

It is even more advantageous, especially for the industrial drying of conventional sawn timber, when the dried sawn timber is placed in a stack, i.e. in layers forming planar planar formations situated in parallel planes one above the other, whereupon the compressive force exerted by mechanical means is applied not only to the lateral surfaces of these layers, but also to the planar surfaces of the layers, perpendicular to the compressive force acting in the direction of the planar surfaces of the layers.

The artificial application of the compressive force on the lumber during the drying of the lumber according to the invention need not be limited to the basic drying process. It is preferred that the logs or lumber layers arranged for use in the method of the invention are subjected to at least one of the subsequent lumber processing operations in which the lumber is treated by chemical or biochemical means. As a chemical or biochemical process, preservation, impregnation, penetration, pickling, etc. can take place. It is thus achieved that even in this process the sawn wood is fixed and thus the formation of pigs or twists is reduced. Furthermore, substantial savings in the necessary manipulations are also achieved, which in turn leads to savings in time, energy and money.

The lumber drying apparatus according to the invention comprises at least two inserts for application to the surface of the sawn timber, the inserts being constructed as elongated bodies with flat support surfaces for supporting the lumber, situated opposite the lumber body. The essence of the novel solution is that at least one of these interleaves is provided with a pair of stoppers situated in the region of its opposite ends, at least one of which is movable. The movable stop is slidably mounted with respect to the interleaving and is provided with at least one force element selected in a type and position allowing it to be pressed against the other of the pair of stoppers.

Advantageously, all of the contained stops have at least one flat pressing surface thereon for exerting a compressive force on the deposited lumber. This pressure surface causes a better distribution of the applied force and prevents damage to the wood material. It extends outside the perimeter of the lining, on the side where the abutment surface is formed. At least two stops of one interleaving are situated on the same side of the interleaving, with the same abutment surface and their thrust surfaces facing each other. Thus, an interleaving having more than two stops preferably has either all for only one support surface or has at least two for one support surface and at least two for the opposite support surface. In practice, it is likely that a more advantageous and used solution will be simpler, with all stops at one support surface.

Preferably, the at least two interleaves are rigidly, immovably connected to each other in a parallel position with respect to each other and with a gap therebetween, wherein the connection is effected by fixed non-movable couplings, at least one pair of adjacent interleaves having common stops. The force element 25, or at least a portion thereof, is preferably located in the gap between these interconnected interstices.

Preferably, the force element is formed by at least one spring extending in the gap between adjacent interleaved interleaves, which is fixed by at least one end thereof to the movable stop.

By connecting the inserts together, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, a fixed unit is obtained whose internal space in the form of a gap between the inserts can be used to receive the force element. The spring can be positioned securely, without the risk of twisting or undesired release, and offers the advantages of a self-operating system without the need for external power. It can be stretched between the stops over the entire length of the gap between the stops, or it can be fixed only in part of the gap. Depending on the dimensions of the sawn timber, two or more springs may be used side by side or one after the other.

Alternatively, or additionally, a hinge, movable, preferably pivotable, arm and / or piston may be selected as a force element, which is mounted and fixed in the device such that the movable portion thereof is fixed to the movable stop.

The movable stopper is preferably provided with at least one adjusting element to maintain its position in the expanded state. As the adjusting element, a screw, a pin, or other conventional adjusting element may be used to temporarily fix the position of the movable stop in the expanded state so that the interleaving according to the invention can be placed on the lumber, or the lumber can be laid on the lining. Then, by simply releasing the adjusting element, the timber is pulled by pulling the movable stop towards the opposite stop.

Advantageously, at least two movable stops are provided between opposite ends of the interleaving at one support surface. Each movable stop is connected to a force element. Particularly for larger dimensions, a solution with two stops which can both be movable is advantageous. For large dimensions, a number of stops greater than two may be advantageous, for example a stationary stop may be present between the movable stops, etc. This variant solution is particularly suitable for larger dimensions, with a large length of interleaves.

-3GB 303305 B6

Advantageously, the interleaves may be in the form of bars having a rectangular cross-section, which are provided with stops in the form of bodies which also have the shape of a bar and a rectangular cross-section. This variant is particularly advantageous for its practicality and simplicity of design, but does not limit the possibility of making other shapes according to the intention and the possibilities of the manufacturer.

Most effectively, the advantages of the device according to the invention will be manifested in the large-scale drying of the sawn timber, whereby the new drying device is used for the sawn timber. In this case, the device is configured as a modular assembly comprising a system of interleaves in the timber beams, where the interleaves are spaced parallel to each other on the lumber layer, with at least two layers of lined timber interleaved and situated one above the other. The individual pieces of sawn timber of each layer are freely stacked side by side in one plane and form a planar planar formation between the interstices of the interleaves, the interleaves lying on both planar surfaces of each lumber layer. Thus, the planar planar formation formed by each layer of sawn timber in the device is supported from above and from below on the abutment surfaces of the interleaves. The pressing surfaces of their stops are supported on the side walls of the planar formation that forms each layer of lumber.

With a further advantage, all the interleaves on one layer of sawn timber in the stack are firmly, immovably attached to each other. Thereby a grid-like system is provided, allowing ventilation and moisture removal during drying of the timber, with the possibility of applying pulse, continuously or intermittently pressure by the mechanical timber means. The advantage of joining the grate type is the strength of the system and the possibility of simplifying handling, such as moving the entire grate at the same time from the dried layer to the lumber layer ready for drying.

The connection of the inserts, which do not form a fixed grouping with a welded-on connection or other expedient grouping, is preferably made detachable by means of detachable bonding elements such as nut bolts, clips, clamps, and the like.

Preferably, the timber edges are provided with at least one additional thrust element situated on the surface of the body forming the edge as a modular unit, in a functional position for exerting pressure on the edge perpendicular to the direction of movement of the stops. This can be done simply, for example by means of weights, or by pistons and rods, etc. Alternatively, the casing may also be provided with additional, additional inserts having the same construction with the stops as the inserts incorporated in the casing, also situated parallel to each other but around the side walls of the timber layers, perpendicular to the intersections lying on the planar surfaces of these layers. These additional inserts are then provided with stops and force elements, but the pressing surfaces of the stops of these additional inserts are supported on the upper and lower walls of the stack.

The timber drying device according to the invention may have an advantageous variant in which the inserts, the movable stop and the force element are in the frame structure. In this case, the stationary stop may be formed within the frame structure space or may be replaced by the frame structure wall. Power element, resp. force elements can be attached to the frame structure. A frame is also understood to be a housing.

The invention is useful for drying lumber, both individual pieces and lumber in layers or heats. It is suitable for drying various types of sawn timber, such as veneer, slats, bark and / or bast timber such as lumber, as well as bark-free timber such as floorboards, slabs, moldings, prisms etc. It is suitable for drying naturally in conventional terrain or hall environments, as well as drying methods using drying halls, chambers or tunnels using artificially created drying conditions such as heat, air flow, pressure reduction or pressure increase, microwave exposure, UV radiation, etc. Its main advantage is dryness compensation , which very effectively prevents the formation of undesirable cracks in the wood and unwanted twisting timber. The advantage of the new technical solution according to the invention is also low energy and independence of the drying device, with the possibility to additionally combine the new method and the device with other drying devices and methods within a common and one time period. Another advantage is the possibility of use in the field

-430 303305 B6 or dismantling of the designed equipment, its storage and transportability to any place and space requirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated by the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a top view of a device according to the invention with one dried lumber layer; FIG. 2 a front view of the same as viewed from the previous figure; Fig. 4 is a top view of the device according to the invention with one dried piece of lumber, Fig. 5 is a front view of the same, taken from the previous figure, Fig. 6 a view from the right, taken from the previous two figures, Fig. 7 Fig. 8 front view of the same, taken from the previous figure, Fig. 9 right side view, taken from the previous two figures, Fig. 10 variant of the articulated joint device, front view, fig. 11 variants of the rotary device 12 shows a variant of a device with a combination of pistons with a frame structure, FIG front.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

An illustrative embodiment of the invention is a method of drying sawn timber and the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 3.

The assembly is constructed of pairs of inserts 2, which are arranged in parallel on the substrate, under the dried timber 1, and on the dried timber 1. For the illustration in the figures, a section is selected, comprising one such pair of interconnected inserts 2, such sections are then repeated in the same configuration along the entire length of the lumber 1 side by side. The selected section contains two pairs of leading inserts 2 above each other. Both of these pairs of inserts 2 are equally constructed. Of these, the first pair of inserts 2 are equally constructed. Of these, the first pair of inserts 2 is upper, lying on the lumber I at the top, and the second located below this first. The inserts 2 themselves have the shape and dimensions common in the art allowing them to be applied to the surface of the dried sawn 1. They are formed as elongated bodies of steel with flat surfaces 3 for supporting the sawn 1 situated opposite the insert body 2. The ends of the inserts 2 are welded on fixed plates, thus forming rigid couplings between them, allowing the inserts 2 to be fixed side by side in each pair firmly and releasably. One of these plates, in Figs. 1 and 2, on the right, is at the same time a fixed, stationary stop 4 for the stored lumber. 1 and 2, the difference in the position of the movable stop 5 of the upper pair of shelves 2, when the device is extended, is clearly visible relative to the position of the movable stop 5 of the lower pair of shelves 2 containing the sawn timber. pressing towards the other of this pair of stops 4, i.e., to the stationary stop 4.

The two stops 4, 5 have a flat pressing surface 7 thereon for exerting a compressive force on the deposited sawn timber i. The pressing surface 7 extends outside the perimeter of the lining 2, on its side where the abutment surface 3 is located. situated on the same side of the leading 2, in the same abutting surface 3 and the pressing surface 7 of these stops 4, 5 are situated opposite one another.

In Figures 1 to 3, each of the pair of inserts shown is a separate, detachable body. As a result, it is possible, and also practical, that each pair of fixed interleaves 2 have common stoppers 4, 5 and a force element 6 is provided in its gap, i.e., in the space between the interleaves 2. advantageous form of spring. It is tensioned between the stops 4, 5, where it is fixed by one end to the movable stop 5 and the other end to the non-movable stop 4. The movable stop 5 is provided with a screw with a nut as adjusting element 8 to maintain its position in the expanded state. , allowing comfortable storage of wet timber L

The inserts 2 are formed in a simple practical shape as bars of rectangular cross-section and are provided with plate-like stops 4, 5 which also have the shape of a bar and a rectangular cross-section.

For drying, the bodies of the pairs of joined piling strips 2 are stacked on and adjacent to each other, transversely with respect to the timber 1. In FIGS. 1 and 2, further screws are seen on the fixed piling strips 2. These create fixing darkness 9 which W in the fixed connectors of the interleaves 2 make it possible to fix the interleaves 2 placed one above the other.

The whole assembly is modularly assembled so that a pair of inserts 2 with stops 4, 5 in the expanded state are placed side by side on the support. Then, a layer of sawn timber 1 is stacked on the inserts 2 transverse to them. When the entire layer is laid, another layer of piling strips 2 is stacked on the lumber 1 upwards. These pairs of strips 2 are joined to the pairs of strips 2 below. Then, the adjusting elements 8 are released, thereby releasing the spring-loaded force elements 6, causing the movable stops 5 to press against the lumber layer 1 and to apply a compressive force towards the stationary stops 4. This makes the device operational to perform a new method of drying lumber i.

In this process, in addition to the dried timber pieces I being fixed against load distortion by the application of the interleaves 2 on two opposite sides of the dried timber pieces 1, at least temporarily the dried timber 1 is subjected to the compressive force exerted by mechanical means. In this exemplary embodiment, the compressive force is exerted by a force element 6 in the form of a spring, which causes the movable stop 5 to push the sawn layer towards the stationary stop 4, thereby compressing the lumber layer and pressing the individual pieces of lumber 1 together. In this process, the application of pairs of strips 2 creates free space around those areas of lumber 1 where the strips 2 are located, through which the moisture removed from the lumber is then drained off during drying. in which the sawn timber 1 is first deposited in at least one layer forming a planar planar structure when deposited for drying. On the planar surfaces of this layer are then placed the inserts 2, creating a free space around these planar surfaces. In this state, drying is carried out, during which, during the drying process, the compressive force exerted by the mechanical means is applied on the side surfaces of the layer facing each other and simultaneously in the direction of the planar surface surfaces of the layer. This action may take place continuously or intermittently, for example in a pulsed manner, over a period of time. In this case, the compressive force is applied at an intensity which is at least sufficient to press adjacent pieces of lumber 1 together and keep them as close as possible to each other even after reducing the volume caused by the drying of the wood mass, preferably without creating gaps. After drying, the lining 2 is disassembled into individual pairs and deposited at a suitable location, or transferred directly to a new wet lumber for further use, while the dried lumber is forwarded for further processing or sale. It is expedient for the interleaves 2 to be left on the lumber as long as possible.

It is also possible to carry out at least one of the additional sawing operations in the state with the inserts 2 fixed according to the invention. This applies in particular to operations in which sawn timber 1 is treated by chemical or biochemical means. This is possible before, during, or after drying.

-6GB 303305 B6

Example 2

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of drying sawn timber and the apparatus of Figs. 4-6.

Here, too, there is shown a drying device which, for clarity, also includes dried timber 1, in which case it is shown to be used on one piece of timber L The entire modular timber drying assembly 1 in this case comprises a plurality of individual strips 2 which are parallel. They are laid in one row on the floor, on this row there is sawn timber J. and on it is another row of slope 2. In Figures 4 to 6, for simplicity, only a section of the assembly comprising two interleaves 2 is selected and shown. Of these, a classically constructed single interleaver 2 without stops 4, 5 is located at the top for comparison purposes, and a new interleaver 2, constructed according to the proposed technical solution, is located below it. All inserts 2 are metal. The bodies of the two interleaves 2 in Figures 4 to 6 have the shape and dimensions common in the art to allow application to the surface even with dried lumber I. They are elongated bodies with flat abutment surfaces 3 for supporting the lumber 1 which are situated opposite the interleaved bodies. The lower insert 2 has a fixed, stationary stop 4 welded in the region of one, in FIGS. 4 and 5, of the left end. In the region of the opposite end of this insert 2 there is a movable stop 5 which is movable. The movable stop 5 is provided with a force element 6 for urging it towards the other of the pair of stops 4, 5, i.e. the stationary stop 4. In this case, the movable stop 5 is formed as part of a hydraulic piston which is used as a force element 6. The force element 6 has its support body fixedly welded to the lower insert 2.

The two stops 4, 5 have a flat pressing surface 7 thereon for exerting a compressive force on the deposited sawn timber I. The two stops 4, 5 are situated on the same side of the insert 2, at one of its two abutment surfaces 3 and on their pressing surfaces 7 situated opposite each other.

At the top, at the top lining 2, the pressure elements 11 are placed in the form of a weight.

The device makes it possible to carry out a new method of drying sawn timber 1, in which, in addition to the dried sawn timber pieces 1 being fixed against load distortion by applying the inserts 2 on the upper and lower sides of the dried sawn timber block 1, for dried timber also by compressive force. This is caused by a piston-like force element 6 causing the movable stop 5 to be pressed onto the dried pieces of lumber 1 and hence also to press the timber onto the stationary stop 4. This causes a compressive force acting over the entire distance between the stops 4, 5. Stoppers 4, 5 They are pressed against one another by pressing against each other, their pressure is applied to the sides of the lumber 1. This pressing then lasts during drying even during drying of the lumber mass and prevents the lumber mass from cracking and warping I. Also in this procedure In the lumber I, where the inserts 2 are located, the free space, which during drying allows the moisture to be removed from the lumber 1. The thrust elements IL, due to the upward position, exert an additional gravity in the gravity direction, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of movement. 5.

Example 3

An example of optimal bulk application of the invention, especially for industry, is the use of a new method of drying timber for drying timber in a log with the apparatus of Figures 7 to 9.

Also in this case, there is shown a drying device which also contains dried cuts 50 in 1 for illustrative purposes. Again, this is a modular assembly based on four inserts 2 connected to each other, where in each such quadruple the inserts 2 are fixed in position. parallel to each other. For the purpose of clarifying the essence of the invention, a section of one of four quaternions 2 is selected and shown from the entire assembly. In this section, four quaternions of quaternions 2 are superimposed. The entire system consists of such sections of repetitive folding.

- 7GB 303305 B6

The individual strips 2 have the shape and dimensions common in the art, allowing them to be applied to the surface of the dried lumber. They are formed as elongated flat bars with flat abutment surfaces 3 for supporting the lumber 1 situated opposite, top and bottom. The ends of the inserts 2 are welded on bars which are their fixed couplings. One of these bars, in Figures 7 and 8 on the left, simultaneously forms a fixed, immovable stop 4 for the deposited sawn timber. In the region of the opposite, right ends of the interleaves 2, there is a movable stop 5 which is movable relative to the four connected interleaves 2. The movable stop 5 is provided with a force element 6 for pushing it towards the other of the pair of stops 4, 5, i.e. the stationary stop 4.

The two stops 4, 5 have a flat pressure surface 1 thereon for exerting a compressive force on the deposited sawn timber 1. The pressure surface 7 extends outside the perimeter of the lining 2, on its side where the abutment surface 3 is located. they are situated on the same top side of the insert 2, that is to say on the same abutment surface 3. The abutment surfaces 2 are situated opposite one another at the stops 4, 5.

Each of the four inserts 2 shown in FIGS. 7-9, which are rigidly and rigidly connected to each other in a parallel position to each other and with a gap therebetween, form a separate, detachable body. As a result, it is possible, and also practical, that the four inserts 2 have common stops 4, 5 and have a force element 6 in its gap, in this exemplary embodiment a piston. The piston-like force elements 6 are firmly fixed, by welding, to the stationary piston carriers 12 welded to the ends of the inserts 2. The force elements 6 have the end portions situated in the gaps between the inserts 2. one side thereof, in Fig. 8 right.

The drying process is carried out as follows. Prior to drying, the first layer of Four Interleaves 2 is first placed on a support, parallel to one another. Lumber 1 is placed on it in the space between the stops 4, 5 in the row. The next layer of Four lintels 2 and another layer of lumber 1 are laid. This is carried out until the whole stack of lumber 1 is straightened. load curvature by the application of the interleaves 2 on two opposite sides of the planar planar formation of each layer of dried timber pieces 7, here above and below. At the same time, the application of the quaternions 2 creates a free space around the areas of the sawn timber 1 where the sawn timber 2 is located, through which the moisture removed from the sawn timber 1 is then drained off during drying. This is caused by mechanical means in the form of stops 4, 5 and force elements 6. Piston force elements 6 can be actively operated for a certain period of time or during the entire drying period, or they can act, for example, in a pulsed manner. 5 on the dried pieces of lumber facing each other, here on the sides from the right and left, which is on the other two opposite sides of the planar planar formation of each of the layers of lumber 1 on which the struts 2 are located. according to the size and number of pieces of sawn timber 1 such that it is at least sufficient to be pressed against it After the reduction of the volume caused by the drying of the wood mass, it is kept side by side as closely as possible without creating noticeable gaps. In FIG. 8, two arrows indicate the direction of the material movement due to the artificially induced force action of the force elements 6 and the thrust elements 11. After drying, the grids formed from the inserts 2 are disassembled into quadruples and set aside or relocated directly for the new wet lumber 1 for further use, while the dried lumber I is forwarded for further processing or for sale. It is expedient for the interleaves 2 to be left on the lumber as long as possible. It is also possible to leave them on the lumber even after drying to the prescribed humidity and in this state carry out at least one of the subsequent operations of processing the lumber 1 after drying. This applies in particular to operations in which sawn timber 1 is treated by chemical or biochemical means. Advantageously, then, without disassembly, drying may again be carried out, in which the lumber is again subjected to a compressive force exerted in the same manner.

The presented embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention, it is possible to combine and vary the proposed new features. For example, it is possible to use a different number instead of pairs or quadruple interlaced strips 2, or to make the whole grate out of them, it is also possible to use other force elements 6, etc. Such further variations illustrate further figures of other devices 10-12.

-8EN 303305 B6

Giant. 10 shows a device with interleaves 2 connected one above the other by means of articulated joints 13 with piston-like force elements 6, FIG. 11 by means of rotary arms 14 with piston-like force elements 6. 10 and 11, movable stops 5 are formed at both ends of the inserts 2. In FIG. 12, a frame structure 15 is provided in which the inserts 2, the movable stop 5, the force element 6 and the pressure element 11 are used. the element 6 is attached to the frame structure 15.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A method of drying sawn timber, wherein the dried sawn timber pieces are fixed against load curvature, which is also accomplished by placing strips (2) on two opposite sides of the dried saw timber pieces (1), while simultaneously forming these strips (2) around those surfaces the timber (1), where the inserts (2) are located, the free space through which the moisture removed from the sawn timber (1) is then drained during drying, and in addition to gravity and gravity (1) and inserts (2) drying at least temporarily exerts a compressive force on the sawn timber (1), characterized by: 20, characterized in that this compressive force is exerted by mechanical means by pressing them against the dried pieces of lumber (1) against each other, which is carried out on two opposite sides of the lumber (1) than on which they are located leading (2). Method of drying sawn timber according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried sawn timber (1) is sanded 25 firstly stacks in at least one sheet forming a planar planar formation, then the planar surfaces of the sheet are then covered with interstices (2) creating a free space around these planar surfaces, and during drying is subjected to compressive forces exerted by and at the same time in the direction of the planar surfaces of the layer, continuously or intermittently over a certain period of time, the compressive force being applied in intensity 30 is at least sufficient to press the pieces of lumber (1) together and keep them side by side, even after the shrinkage reduction, without creating gaps. Method of drying sawn timber according to claim 2, characterized in that the dried sawn timber (1) is placed in a stack, i.e. in layers forming planar planar formations situated in parallel planes one above the other, interleaved by the interleaves (2), and then The drying action exerts a compressive force exerted by the mechanical means against each other not only on the side surfaces of these layers, but also on the planar surfaces of the layers perpendicular to the compressive force acting in the direction of the planar surfaces of the layers. A method for drying sawn timber according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of the sawn timber processing operations (1) is carried out during the application of a compressive force exerted in the same manner in the condition of the applied strips (2) on the timber (1). the lumber (1) is treated by chemical or biochemical means. Apparatus for drying sawn timber by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least two inserts (2) for application to the surface of the dried sawn timber (1), the inserts (2) being constructed as elongated bodies with flat abutment surfaces (3). ) for supporting the sawn timber (1) situated on the lining body (2) opposite, characterized in that at least one lining (2) is provided with a pair of stops (4, 5) situated in the region of its opposite ends, of which at least one 50, movable, wherein the movable stop (5) is movably mounted relative to the insert (2) and is provided with at least one force element (6) for pushing it towards the other of the pair of stops (4, 5). The lumber-drying device according to claim 5, characterized in that all of the drives of the stoppers (4, 5) have at least one flat pressure surface (7) formed thereon to exert a compressive force on the deposited lumber (1). ), wherein the pressing surface (7) extends outside the perimeter of the leading (2) on the side where its abutment surface (3) is located, wherein at least two stops (4, 5) of one leading (2) are situated on the same side of the leading 2) with the same support surface (3) and their pressure surfaces (7) facing each other. Timber drying device according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that it has at least two inserts (2) firmly, immovably connected to each other in a parallel position with respect to each other and with a gap therebetween, wherein the connection is effected via fixed immovable couplings, at least one pair of adjacent inserts (2) has common stops (4, 5) and in its gap there is a force element (6) or at least a part thereof. Timber drying device according to claim 7, characterized in that the force element (6) comprises at least one spring, fixed by at least one end to the movable stop (5). Timber drying device according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at least one force element (6) other than a spring is provided, for example a hinge (13), a pivot arm (14) or a piston having its movable part fixed to the movable stop (5). Timber drying device according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the movable stop (5) is provided with at least one adjusting element (8) to maintain its position in the expanded state. Timber drying device according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at least one insert (2) has at least two movable stops (5) within one support surface (3), each of these movable stops (5) being connected to the force element (6) and is located between opposite ends of the leading (2). Lumber drying device according to Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the inserts (2) are designed as bars having a rectangular cross-section and are provided with bodies (4, 5) in the form of bodies which also have a bar shape and a rectangular cross-section. Timber drying device according to Claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the inserts (2) are located in a stack, wherein the inserts (2) are arranged in a row parallel to each other and at least one of the pawls (4, 5) is arranged between them. a layer of lumber (1) forming here a planar planar formation, such rows of inserts (2) provided with a layer of timber (I) are formed at least two above each other and arranged such that the planar planar formation of lumber (1) is supported from above and below the faces (3) of the inserts (2) and the pressure faces (7) of the stops (4, 5) are supported on the side walls of the planar formation. Timber drying device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least some of the side-by-side and / or one-side interleaves (2) are joined together, of which the side-by-side interleaves (2) are rigidly, immovably. Timber drying device according to claim 14, characterized in that the connection of at least some of the inserts (2) is made releasably by means of fasteners for a releasable connection. Timber drying device according to claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the rake is provided with at least one thrust element (11) situated on its surface, in the operative position for applying pressure perpendicular to the direction of movement of the stops (4, 5). . Timber drying device according to claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the strips (2), the movable stop (5) and the force element (6) are located in the frame structure (15). 4 drawings