CZ301767B6 - Industrial textile - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an industrial textile, especially fabric or knitted fabric containing continuous carbon fibers and basalt filament. At least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex is used in at least one part of the weaving system, whereas at least one more part of the weawing system contains yarns or roving of the carbon fibres.

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technical fabric, in particular a fabric or woven fabric comprising continuous carbon fibers and basalt fibers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Technical textiles containing filaments of both inorganic and organic origin are known. Of the inorganic fibers, glass, ceramics, basalt, carbon and metals are used, and organic materials are used in particular polyester, aromatic polyamides, polyesters and aryl esters, polyethylene and polypropylene. Known constructions of technical fabrics of said materials contain tows. These consist of continuous bundles of individual, usually continuous filaments of a diameter of the order of up to tens of micrometers. The roving contains hundreds to tens of thousands of individual fibers, which are either twisted or non-twisted up to about 200 twists per meter. Twisted tows are referred to in the prior art as yarns, in the English texts as yams, twisted yams, threads. The tows (rovings) created by joining a plurality of basic tows can be referred to as coupled towers, or indirect rovings, in English texts as multiend rovings.

The technical fabrics known from the prior art are made of said materials by a known weaving process, generally on air or needle weaving machines. Weaving uses various, usually smooth, weaving looms, such as plain, twill or satin weave, etc. The resulting fabrics are distinguished from the classical by the fact that, due to the flat cross-section of the tows or low twist threads, they are against comparable other fabrics. made of thinner materials.

Industrial knitted fabrics are usually made of twisted materials which have a sufficient number of twists to achieve the compactness of the filaments, i.e. the filaments, when passing through the knitting eyes.

Woven carbon fiber rovings of varying numbers of filaments or knitted fabrics are mainly used in the manufacture of rigid and relatively lightweight laminate-based structures. For these fabrics or knitted fabrics, a roving containing, for example, 3000 individual fibers is commonly used as a starting material, but may contain up to 24000, typically with a protective twist of up to 20 twists per meter. They are used mainly in aviation and in the production of sporting goods, but also in many other applications.

In order to achieve the best possible indicators, the fabrics of woven (roving) fabrics or knitted fabrics made from twisted carbon fiber materials often combine the various materials, warp and weft, or the individual threads constituting the knitted fabric. These areas are then often referred to as hybrid. For example, hybrid fabrics combining glass or ara45 mid fiber (yarns or rovings) with carbon fibers are known to dissipate electrostatic charges, see, for example, RU 2092634, published October 10, 1997. Again, they are proposed for fire-fighting purposes. combinations of air-shaped glass thread with carbon, see for example EP 0 223 664, published May 27. 1987.

Combinations of glass tows (rovings) or threads with carbon fibers in the form of both fabrics and knits are commonly used for lamination technologies.

The disadvantage of all carbon fiber applications is not only the high cost of the materials used, but also the low resistance of the carbon fibers used to burning and oxidation, which limits, in particular, 55 to military applications.

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Materials combining glass fibers with carbon utilize the discounting effect of a less powerful but less expensive glass tow (roving) technique, but at the expense of losing the aesthetic appearance of fabrics. Due to the glass material used, the oxidation-alkali resistance of these combinations is not sufficient. The same applies to the known combinations of basalt yarn with glass tow, where, at higher temperatures, the two materials interact with each other.

It is also known to use basalt fibers for protective clothing, for example from WO 02086213. This publication describes a treatment of basalt fibers to reduce their brittleness by coating the basalt fibers. However, the document does not in any way address the construction of a fabric or other fabric for this purpose.

¹⁵ Summary of the Invention

These disadvantages are largely eliminated by the technical fabric of the present invention, wherein at least one part of the binding system comprises at least a part of roving or a twisted 50 to 700 text basalt filament yarn while at least one other part of the binding system it contains carbon thread or roving.

In view of the utility properties of the technical fabric of the present invention, it is preferred that the basalt filaments are in the form of a multi-strand tow.

In view of the production of the technical fabric according to the invention, as far as the fabric technology is concerned, it is expedient that the basalt filaments form a weft of the technical fabric, while the warp is formed by a carbon fiber roving.

In order to achieve some desired properties, it is expedient that at least one other part of the bonding system comprises both a carbon fiber roving or roving or a basalt filament yarn.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The technical fabric weave assemblies of the present invention consist essentially of carbon fiber tow or yarns and filaments made by melting and spinning natural basalt (basalt). These basalt filaments are known and marketed in the form of tows, i.e., bundles of filaments, and fabrics. They are produced, for example, by Sudaglas, Russia or TZI,

Ukraine. Their properties resemble glass fibers, which, however, surpass especially the higher chemical resistance and in some cases also the modulus of elasticity, especially at very low temperatures. Like glass fibers, they are non-flammable, resistant to high temperatures and yet have a dark color similar to carbon fibers. Combined with carbon fibers, they provide surprisingly better properties.

Hybrid fabrics or knitted fabrics having a better aesthetic appearance than, for example, known combinations of glass yarns with carbon tows can be obtained from basalt fiber tows or yarns, while attaining a significantly higher chemical resistance of such combinations, for example to thermal or chemical oxidation, considerably lower costs. This allows their application wherever materials are exposed to thermal and chemical stress, for example in carbon filters.

The weaving of basalt filament based hybrid roving fabrics in combination with carbon fiber tows is relatively difficult, unless it is to be based on more costly twisted materials. For economic reasons, it has proved to be most appropriate to start from a structure in which the carbon component is generally located in the warp and the basalt fiber in the weft. Such a combination, also known as a unidirectional fabric, has proven most advantageous for a variety of hybrid fabric applications combining basalt tow or yarn with carbon materials in both laminates and other applications such as odor and grease filters. This combination makes it possible to use the cheapest, non-woven composite basalt tow, known as multiend basalt roving. Basalt fibers are difficult to process in the form of tow in the warp, in particular in the form of a so-called multi-tow roving. This is because these types of tows contain loose protruding fibers, which in the warp when weaving thicker materials sometimes also break adjacent warp threads and thus reduce the resulting strength of the woven materials.

The following are five specific exemplary embodiments.

Example 1

On a needle weaving machine, a woven plain weave containing 5x carbon roving TENAX HTA 5131 200 tex (manufactured by Teijin, Japan) containing 3000 single fibers was woven in a 1 cm warp and 5x basalt composite tow (indirect - multiend - roving) in the weft )

320 tex (manufacturer TZI Ukraine) per 1 cm. The fabric obtained had a warp strength of 4000 N and a weft strength of 2000 N (EN ISO 13934-1) at a basis weight of 260 g / m < 3 >. The fabric was used as a visible layer in cano lamination with the same result as a pure carbon fabric. cost of laminating reinforcement, with aesthetically very well rated surface appearance.

Example 2

A stitch weave containing a 6x twisted 80 tex x 2x2 warp (manufacturer Sudaglas, Russia) was woven on a needle weaving machine, and the weft was made from 6 TENAX 5131 200 tex carbon fiber tows per cm. The fabric had a warp strength of 2200 N, a weft strength of 4200 N (EN ISO 13934-1). The fabric was subjected to a tenfold disinfection procedure (5% sodium hypochlorite, 60 ° C) without change in properties, and no change in properties occurred even after tenfold immersion in liquid nitrogen.

Example 3

A plain weave fabric was woven on an air jet weaving machine, containing in the warp a 5x carbon roving TENAX HTA 5131 (6000 filament) 400 tex with a protective twist of 10 turns per meter and a 5x coupled tow (indirect roving) of basalt 320 tex. The basis weight was 250 g / m ² , the warp strength was 5000 Nav, the weft was 2000 N. The fabric was used in 10 layers as a filter element to catch greasy vapors. After washing ten times at 60 ° C in a conventional detergent, the original appearance and efficiency were always achieved without altering the mechanical properties of the product.

Example 4

A plain weave fabric containing an alternately twisted basalt of 80 tex x 2 x 2 (about 80 twists per meter) and a TENAX HTA 5131 200 tex (total of 6 threads per 1 cm) was woven on an air jet loom. the warp consisted of a basalt combined tow (indirect roving) (6 threads 300 tex, manufactured by Kameny Vek, Russia). The fabric had a basis weight of 275 g / m ² , a weft strength of 2000 N and a warp of 2200 N. The material was immersed ΙΟχ in liquid nitrogen and no changes were found as mechanical properties. The fabric was made protective

- a surface insulating against electromagnetic radiation by placing it in a single layer so that the carbon fibers are laid in parallel and the individual carbon threads in the warp are connected and grounded through a metal bar.

Example 5

On a circular knitting machine with a plurality of knitting systems, a knitted fabric was knit, alternating in its construction with a carbon thread of 134 tex io (2xTENAX 5241 67 tex, 15 twists per meter) and a twisted basalt thread of 160 tex (80) tex x 2, 80 twists per meter). This is done, for example, by feeding said carbon thread and said twisted basalt thread alternately in regular distribution to the knitting systems of the circular knitting machine.

The resulting braided hose had a diameter of 40 cm. The knitted fabric was used in the construction of a multilayer laminate as an inner liner. The shear strength of the thus-formed laminate according to ISO 14 130 was increased by 10% over an analog knitted liner, combining glass fibers and carbon fibers.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that both basalt fibers and carbon fibers may be employed in the technical fabric in a different form, fineness, or other roving configuration. However, for all examples, at least one part of the weave assembly comprises in part a roving or twisted basalt filament yarn of 50 to 700 tex fineness, while at least one other part of the weave assembly comprises a carbon fiber yarn or roving. With respect to the technical fabric, this one part may be a weft system and at least one other part a warp system. With regard to technical knitted fabric, manufactured, for example, on a warp knitting machine, the aforementioned one portion may be a portion of the knitted fabric formed by some knitting systems, while at least one other portion may be formed by other knitting systems or parts of other knitting systems.

It is preferred to provide a technical fabric wherein the basalt continuous filament tow is in the form of a twisted tow and is woven as a weft while the carbon fiber roving forms a warp.

However, the opposite structure is also possible, i.e. the basalt filament tow is in the form of a coupled tow and is woven as a warp, while the carbon filament tow constitutes a weft. The basis weights of the resulting technical fabrics may vary considerably depending on the intended use.

Industrial applicability

The products according to the invention can be used wherever aesthetic appearance with high thermal, chemical or mechanical resistance is required, ie especially in the production of laminates in combination with various resins, but also in other applications for example in electromagnetic smog protection or dust filter construction regeneration.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS Technical fabric, in particular a woven or woven fabric containing continuous carbon fibers and basalt fibers, characterized in that at least one part of the weave assembly comprises at least partially tows or twisted basalt filament yarn of 50 to 700 tex fineness, while at least one another part of the weave assembly comprises a carbon fiber thread or tow. Technical fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the basalt filaments are in the form of a composite tow. 15 Dec Technical fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the basalt filaments form a weft of the technical fabric while the warp is formed by a carbon fiber tow. Technical textile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one 20, another portion of the weave assembly includes both a carbon fiber yarn or tow, and a basalt filament tow or yarn.