WO2006045256A2 - Technical fabric - Google Patents

Technical fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006045256A2
WO2006045256A2 PCT/CZ2005/000080 CZ2005000080W WO2006045256A2 WO 2006045256 A2 WO2006045256 A2 WO 2006045256A2 CZ 2005000080 W CZ2005000080 W CZ 2005000080W WO 2006045256 A2 WO2006045256 A2 WO 2006045256A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roving
folded yarn
organic polymers
basalt
technical fabric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2005/000080
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006045256A3 (en
Inventor
Jan Prochazka
Original Assignee
Meltit A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meltit A.S. filed Critical Meltit A.S.
Publication of WO2006045256A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006045256A2/en
Publication of WO2006045256A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006045256A3/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/247—Mineral
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/267—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/08—Ceramic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a technical fabric containing organic polymers.
  • Industrial or technical fabrics containing both organic and inorganic continuous filament are known.
  • the most important inorganic filaments are glass, ceramics, basalt, carbon and metals.
  • the organic materials with the widest usability in the production of the technical fabrics are polyester, aromatic polyamides, polyarylesters, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
  • the existing constructions of the technical fabrics produced from such materials include rovings, little tows or slivers. These linear shapes form continual bundles of individual, mainly continuous filaments with the diameter ranging from tens to units of micrometers.
  • a roving (tow, sliver) is made up of hundreds or tens of thousands of the individual filaments that are either untwisted or twisted with up to 200 twists per metre.
  • the rovings provided with a twist are technically referred to as yarns, folded yarns or threads.
  • the rovings created by unification of a larger number of slivers tend to be called multi-end rovings.
  • the current technical fabrics are produced from the above mentioned materials by common weaving processes, mainly on air-jet or projectile weaving machines.
  • the weaving methods include various, mostly smooth types of weaves, such as plain weave, twill or satin weave.
  • plain weave twill or satin weave.
  • the roving texture is distinctly thinner, which is caused by the flat section of the used rovings or yarns with a small twist.
  • the materials woven in this way are used especially for industrial purposes, for example for the production of fabric base laminates, insulating tapes and insulants.
  • the structures are also used in the military area, particularly as a protection of people against shell splinters and ballistic missiles.
  • Such a use requires mainly technical fabrics made of highly resistant and sturdy organic materials such as aromatic polyamides mostly known under the trademark Kevlar or Twaron, or high density polyethylene marketed for instance under the commercial name Dyneema or Spectra.
  • hybrid The producers of the roving textiles combine different materials in the warp and weft in order to achieve the best possible indexes.
  • the textiles produced in this way are referred to as hybrid.
  • hybrid technical fabrics are those combining glass rovings in one system, e.g. in the warp, and the folded basalt yarn in the other one, e.g. in the weft, which results in better dielectric qualities of the material.
  • Such hybrid technical fabrics are described in the document RU 2031993 Cl, published on 27.03.1995, or in the document RU 94024847 Al, which came out on 20.09.1996.
  • the technical fabrics used as insulations for the purposes of fire precaution combine air-formed glass yarns with aromatic polyamides or carbon, see e.g. documents FR 2 614046 published on 21.10.1988, FR 2 588575 published on 17.04.1987, EP 0 223 664 published on 27.05.1987 or EP 0 288 355 published on 26.10.1988.
  • the smooth hybrid roving materials are used mainly in laminating, where the compounds of carbon and aromatic polyamide or high-density polyethylene bring out the contrastive aesthetic effect of the black carbon against the mostly yellow or red aromatic polyamides or white polyethylene materials.
  • the materials combining glass fibres with aromatic polyamides or polyethylenes are less expensive due to the use of a cheaper yet industrially less advanced glass roving. It should be, however, noted that the lower price is here achieved only at the expense of the product's overall aesthetic qualities.
  • the use of the glass material additionally lowers the resistance of these compounds against oxidation and alkali agents to the level that is usually regarded as insufficient. The same is true about the common combinations of the folded yarn and glass roving.
  • the quality of this fabric is, in addition to the usual drawbacks, negatively affected by the corrosive interaction of the two materials in higher temperatures.
  • an invention the substance of which consists in that at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex is used in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers is used in the other direction of the weaving system.
  • organic polymers are chosen from the group of aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, high density polyethylenes, polypropylene and polyamidimide.
  • the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and is picked as a weft, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a warp.
  • this system may be reversed - the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and creates a warp, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a weft.
  • the distinctive fineness of the folded yarn or the roving of the organic polymers is ranging from 70 to 400 tex.
  • the fabric can attain invariable characteristics or optically attractive patterns in both weaving directions if both the roving or the folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament and the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers are present in both weaving systems.
  • the weaving systems, i.e. warp and the weft, of the innovated technical fabric are composed of rovings or yarns of the continuous filament on the basis of organic compounds such as polyamides, aromatic polyamides, polyamidimides, polypropylenes, polyesters or polyethylenes of high density and strength, and of continuous filaments which are created by melting and spinning of natural basalts.
  • These continuous basalt filaments are widely known and marketed in the form of rovings, i.e. bundles of continuous filaments and tissues.
  • rovings i.e. bundles of continuous filaments and tissues.
  • manufacturers of this material are e.g. Sudaglas, Russia or TZI, Ukraine.
  • the properties of this material can be compared to the properties of the glass fibre.
  • the glass fibre does not have such a good chemical persistence and, what is more, its coefficient of elasticity, particularly in very low temperatures, is sometimes lower.
  • Both the innovated material and the glass fibre are inflammable and resistant to high temperatures. Their dark colour is similar to the colour of the carbon fibres.
  • the combination of the material with the continuous filament on the basis of the organic compounds ensures surprisingly better characteristics of the fabric.
  • the rovings and basalt fibre yams can be used to produce hybrid textiles with the aesthetic qualities that are equal or even to superior to those associated with the usual combinations of the aromatic polyamides or polyethylenes and carbon rovings.
  • This innovation brings about a significant increase in the resistance of the new material to thermal oxidation, and, last but not least, considerable costs saving. These newly acquired properties make it possible to use the material in other areas, most importantly in the military sphere.
  • This combination referred to as a one-way fabric, has proved to be most suitable for a range of applications of hybrid textiles combining basalt roving or yarn and organic materials mostly in the laminated cloth, since it enables picking of the cheapest, non-folded multi-end basalt roving.
  • This is important as the warp work with basalt fibres in the form of roving poses certain difficulties, especially if the roving is used in its multi-end form, The difficulties are caused by loose protuberant fibres that hamper the weaving of close-mashed materials by disrupting the adjacent warp threads, particularly if these are made of organic materials.
  • Example 1 it is, however, still possible to weave the basalt fibres in the form of the multi-end roving within the warp if the requested qualities of the technical fabric produced according to the invention can't be achieved in a different way (see example 2).
  • Example 2 there are three specific applications of the innovated material: Example 1
  • a textile with a plain weave has been woven on a projectile weaving machine. It contains a seven-fold aromatic polyamide Kevlar 110 tex within 1 cm of the warp length (produced by DuPont de Nemours) and a five-fold basalt multi-end roving 320 tex (supplied by TZI Ukraine) within 1 cm of the weft length.
  • the manufactured textile has a fine check pattern, a warp strength of 6 500 N and weft strength of 2 000 N (CSN EN ISO 13934-1) at the basis weight of 249 g/m 2 .
  • the fabric is used for laminating canoes with the same effect as a hybrid aramide-carbon fabric, reducing the cost of the laminated reinforcement by ca 30 % and producing an aesthetically highly valued surface appearance.
  • a textile with a twill weave has been woven on a handloom. It contains a six-fold multi-end basalt roving 330 tex (produced by Sudaglas, Russia) within the warp and six roving slivers of aromatic polyester Vectran 110 tex (supplied by Celanese, USA) within 1 cm of the weft length.
  • the warp strength of the textile is 2 000 N, weft strength 7 000 N (CSN EN ISO 13934-1).
  • the textile has been exposed to a ten-fold disinfection (5 % sodium hypochlorite, 60 0 C) without any effect on its properties. A similar absence of any qualitative changes has been stated even after a ten-fold immersion of the cloth in liquid nitrogen.
  • a textile with a plain weave has been woven on a water-jet weaving machine. It contains alternately 1 folded basalt 80 tex in a two-fold structure (produced by Sudaglass, Russia) and four-fold aramide roving Kevlar 167 tex in the warp, and a two-fold basalt multi-end roving 320 tex and a two-fold aramide roving Kevlar 167 tex.
  • the basis weight of the material is 230 g/m .
  • the material is used for lamination as a perspective upper layer of the boat bottom replacing the traditional combination of carbon and aramide.
  • the tests of the abrasion resistance have shown that the fabric has better qualities than the originally used materials. On top of that the use of the new material has led to a considerable costs saving.
  • both the basalt and organic fibres can be applied in the technical fabric with a different roving form, fineness and pick count.
  • the above mentioned basic rule must be followed, i.e. at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex must be used in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers must be used in the other direction.
  • the organic polymers used for this technology can be only aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, high density polyethylenes, polypropylene, or polyamidimide.
  • the products according to the invention have a wide usability in places where the aesthetic qualities and a high thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance of the material are required. These characteristics make the fabric an ideal option for the production of laminates in combination with various resins.
  • the fabric is also a suitable material for military purposes, especially for the production of protective clothing articles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

The technical fabric contains at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas the other direction contains at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers.

Description

Technical fabric
Field of the invention
The invention is related to a technical fabric containing organic polymers.
Prior art
Industrial or technical fabrics containing both organic and inorganic continuous filament are known. The most important inorganic filaments are glass, ceramics, basalt, carbon and metals. The organic materials with the widest usability in the production of the technical fabrics (technical woven fabrics) are polyester, aromatic polyamides, polyarylesters, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The existing constructions of the technical fabrics produced from such materials include rovings, little tows or slivers. These linear shapes form continual bundles of individual, mainly continuous filaments with the diameter ranging from tens to units of micrometers. A roving (tow, sliver) is made up of hundreds or tens of thousands of the individual filaments that are either untwisted or twisted with up to 200 twists per metre. The rovings provided with a twist are technically referred to as yarns, folded yarns or threads. The rovings created by unification of a larger number of slivers tend to be called multi-end rovings.
The current technical fabrics are produced from the above mentioned materials by common weaving processes, mainly on air-jet or projectile weaving machines. The weaving methods include various, mostly smooth types of weaves, such as plain weave, twill or satin weave. In comparison with similar classic textiles the roving texture is distinctly thinner, which is caused by the flat section of the used rovings or yarns with a small twist. The materials woven in this way are used especially for industrial purposes, for example for the production of fabric base laminates, insulating tapes and insulants.
The structures are also used in the military area, particularly as a protection of people against shell splinters and ballistic missiles. Such a use requires mainly technical fabrics made of highly resistant and sturdy organic materials such as aromatic polyamides mostly known under the trademark Kevlar or Twaron, or high density polyethylene marketed for instance under the commercial name Dyneema or Spectra.
The producers of the roving textiles combine different materials in the warp and weft in order to achieve the best possible indexes. The textiles produced in this way are referred to as hybrid. Among the well-known hybrid technical fabrics are those combining glass rovings in one system, e.g. in the warp, and the folded basalt yarn in the other one, e.g. in the weft, which results in better dielectric qualities of the material. Such hybrid technical fabrics are described in the document RU 2031993 Cl, published on 27.03.1995, or in the document RU 94024847 Al, which came out on 20.09.1996.
The technical fabrics used as insulations for the purposes of fire precaution combine air-formed glass yarns with aromatic polyamides or carbon, see e.g. documents FR 2 614046 published on 21.10.1988, FR 2 588575 published on 17.04.1987, EP 0 223 664 published on 27.05.1987 or EP 0 288 355 published on 26.10.1988. The smooth hybrid roving materials are used mainly in laminating, where the compounds of carbon and aromatic polyamide or high-density polyethylene bring out the contrastive aesthetic effect of the black carbon against the mostly yellow or red aromatic polyamides or white polyethylene materials.
The use of carbon fibres in such materials has, however, its disadvantages. Firstly, it is the high price of the used material, secondly, the low resistance of the carbon fibres against fire and oxidation, which significantly reduces its usability mainly in the military sphere.
The materials combining glass fibres with aromatic polyamides or polyethylenes are less expensive due to the use of a cheaper yet industrially less advanced glass roving. It should be, however, noted that the lower price is here achieved only at the expense of the product's overall aesthetic qualities. The use of the glass material additionally lowers the resistance of these compounds against oxidation and alkali agents to the level that is usually regarded as insufficient. The same is true about the common combinations of the folded yarn and glass roving. The quality of this fabric is, in addition to the usual drawbacks, negatively affected by the corrosive interaction of the two materials in higher temperatures.
Essence of the invention The above mentioned disadvantages can be nearly removed by an invention the substance of which consists in that at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex is used in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers is used in the other direction of the weaving system.
It is essential that the organic polymers are chosen from the group of aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, high density polyethylenes, polypropylene and polyamidimide.
Depending on the required usability of the technical fabric and production methods the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and is picked as a weft, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a warp. Alternatively, this system may be reversed - the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and creates a warp, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a weft.
The distinctive fineness of the folded yarn or the roving of the organic polymers is ranging from 70 to 400 tex.
The fabric can attain invariable characteristics or optically attractive patterns in both weaving directions if both the roving or the folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament and the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers are present in both weaving systems.
Examples of the invention
The weaving systems, i.e. warp and the weft, of the innovated technical fabric are composed of rovings or yarns of the continuous filament on the basis of organic compounds such as polyamides, aromatic polyamides, polyamidimides, polypropylenes, polyesters or polyethylenes of high density and strength, and of continuous filaments which are created by melting and spinning of natural basalts. These continuous basalt filaments are widely known and marketed in the form of rovings, i.e. bundles of continuous filaments and tissues. Among the manufacturers of this material are e.g. Sudaglas, Russia or TZI, Ukraine. The properties of this material can be compared to the properties of the glass fibre. Having said that, the glass fibre does not have such a good chemical persistence and, what is more, its coefficient of elasticity, particularly in very low temperatures, is sometimes lower. Both the innovated material and the glass fibre are inflammable and resistant to high temperatures. Their dark colour is similar to the colour of the carbon fibres. The combination of the material with the continuous filament on the basis of the organic compounds ensures surprisingly better characteristics of the fabric. The rovings and basalt fibre yams can be used to produce hybrid textiles with the aesthetic qualities that are equal or even to superior to those associated with the usual combinations of the aromatic polyamides or polyethylenes and carbon rovings. This innovation brings about a significant increase in the resistance of the new material to thermal oxidation, and, last but not least, considerable costs saving. These newly acquired properties make it possible to use the material in other areas, most importantly in the military sphere.
Extremely positive characteristic are connected with the hybrid textile. Its structure combines rovings of highly chemically and thermally resistant aromatic polyester, widely marketed e.g. under the commercial name Vectran, and basalt rovings with an equally high chemical resistance especially to alkali and oxidation agents, which is most significant when removing the effects of biological attacks from such materials. The weaving of the hybrid roving fabric with the application of basalt continuous filament and organic rovings is relatively difficult, and can only be facilitated by using more costly folded materials. From the economical point of view, it is better to use the structure with the organic components placed mostly in the warp and the basalt fibre in the weft. This combination, referred to as a one-way fabric, has proved to be most suitable for a range of applications of hybrid textiles combining basalt roving or yarn and organic materials mostly in the laminated cloth, since it enables picking of the cheapest, non-folded multi-end basalt roving. This is important as the warp work with basalt fibres in the form of roving poses certain difficulties, especially if the roving is used in its multi-end form, The difficulties are caused by loose protuberant fibres that hamper the weaving of close-mashed materials by disrupting the adjacent warp threads, particularly if these are made of organic materials. It is, however, still possible to weave the basalt fibres in the form of the multi-end roving within the warp if the requested qualities of the technical fabric produced according to the invention can't be achieved in a different way (see example 2). By way of example there are three specific applications of the innovated material: Example 1
A textile with a plain weave has been woven on a projectile weaving machine. It contains a seven-fold aromatic polyamide Kevlar 110 tex within 1 cm of the warp length (produced by DuPont de Nemours) and a five-fold basalt multi-end roving 320 tex (supplied by TZI Ukraine) within 1 cm of the weft length. The manufactured textile has a fine check pattern, a warp strength of 6 500 N and weft strength of 2 000 N (CSN EN ISO 13934-1) at the basis weight of 249 g/m2. The fabric is used for laminating canoes with the same effect as a hybrid aramide-carbon fabric, reducing the cost of the laminated reinforcement by ca 30 % and producing an aesthetically highly valued surface appearance. Example 2
A textile with a twill weave has been woven on a handloom. It contains a six-fold multi-end basalt roving 330 tex (produced by Sudaglas, Russia) within the warp and six roving slivers of aromatic polyester Vectran 110 tex (supplied by Celanese, USA) within 1 cm of the weft length. The warp strength of the textile is 2 000 N, weft strength 7 000 N (CSN EN ISO 13934-1). The textile has been exposed to a ten-fold disinfection (5 % sodium hypochlorite, 60 0C) without any effect on its properties. A similar absence of any qualitative changes has been stated even after a ten-fold immersion of the cloth in liquid nitrogen. Example 3
A textile with a plain weave has been woven on a water-jet weaving machine. It contains alternately 1 folded basalt 80 tex in a two-fold structure (produced by Sudaglass, Russia) and four-fold aramide roving Kevlar 167 tex in the warp, and a two-fold basalt multi-end roving 320 tex and a two-fold aramide roving Kevlar 167 tex. The basis weight of the material is 230 g/m . The material is used for lamination as a perspective upper layer of the boat bottom replacing the traditional combination of carbon and aramide. The tests of the abrasion resistance have shown that the fabric has better qualities than the originally used materials. On top of that the use of the new material has led to a considerable costs saving.
From an expert perspective it is clear that both the basalt and organic fibres can be applied in the technical fabric with a different roving form, fineness and pick count. In all cases, however, the above mentioned basic rule must be followed, i.e. at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex must be used in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers must be used in the other direction. The organic polymers used for this technology can be only aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, high density polyethylenes, polypropylene, or polyamidimide. Many advantages are connected with the technical fabric where the roving of the basalt continuous filament in the form of the multi-end roving is picked, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates the warp. A similar effect can be achieved if the reverse is done, i.e. the roving of the basalt continuous filament in the form of the multi-end roving creates the warp, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates the weft. Certain uses of the technical fabric can even require that both the roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament and the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers be present in both weaving systems. The basis weight of the technical fabric may then vary considerably depending on its actual intended use.
Industrial applicability
The products according to the invention have a wide usability in places where the aesthetic qualities and a high thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance of the material are required. These characteristics make the fabric an ideal option for the production of laminates in combination with various resins. The fabric is also a suitable material for military purposes, especially for the production of protective clothing articles.

Claims

C LAIM S
1. A technical fabric made of organic polymers, characterized in that at least some roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament with a fineness of 50 to 700 tex is used in at least one direction of the weaving system, whereas at least some folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers is used in the other direction of the weaving system.
2. A technical fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic polymers are chosen from the group of aromatic polyamides, aromatic polyesters, high density polyethylenes, polypropylene and polyamidimide.
3. A technical fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and is picked as a weft, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a warp.
4. A technical fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the folded yarn or roving of the basalt continuous filament is in the form of the multi-end roving and creates a warp, whereas the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers creates a weft.
5. A technical fabric according to any of preceeding claims, characterized in that the fineness of the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers is ranging from 70 to 400 tex.
6. A technical fabric according to any of claims I5 2 and 5, characterized in that both the roving or folded yarn of the basalt continuous filament and the folded yarn or roving of the organic polymers are present in both weaving systems.
PCT/CZ2005/000080 2004-10-29 2005-10-31 Technical fabric WO2006045256A2 (en)

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US9243355B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-26 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic resistant thermoplastic sheet, process of making and its applications
DE102015114997A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh Method for dismantling rolls of a roller press
DE102015114998A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh roller Press
DE102015114992A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh roller Press
CN107658375A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-02-02 山东鼎拓电子科技有限公司 A kind of basalt LED support production technology and structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10494746B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-03 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic resistant thermoplastic sheet, process of making and its applications
US9243355B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-26 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic resistant thermoplastic sheet, process of making and its applications
US9994977B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic resistant thermoplastic sheet, process of making and its applications
US10252488B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-04-09 Honeywell International Inc. Stab and ballistic resistant articles and the process of making
US10443160B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-10-15 Honeywell International Inc. Breathable light weight unidirectional laminates
US9243354B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-26 Honeywell International Inc. Stab and ballistic resistant articles
US10703069B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Stab and ballistic resistant articles and the process of making
US11053617B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-07-06 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic resistant thermoplastic sheet, process of making and its applications
DE102015114997A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh Method for dismantling rolls of a roller press
DE102015114998A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh roller Press
DE102015114992A1 (en) 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 Mbe Coal & Minerals Technology Gmbh roller Press
CN107658375A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-02-02 山东鼎拓电子科技有限公司 A kind of basalt LED support production technology and structure
CN107658375B (en) * 2017-08-21 2022-04-22 山东鼎拓电子科技有限公司 Production process and structure of basalt LED bracket

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