CZ294431B6 - Method of casting building prefabricated elements into envelope mold and apparatus for making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of casting building prefabricated elements, which method consists in that at least one elastic vessel (3) is placed into the interior of a mold (1), the mold (1) space is then gradually filled with a compound wherein compacting and pressing said compound into the mold (1) is carried after closing the mold (1) by pressurizing said elastic vessel (2). Disclosed is also apparatus for making the above described casting method, said apparatus comprising a frame (15) having the form of a stand and being provided with a rotatably mounted hollow shaft (5) with a bottom plate (7) of the mold (1) secured thereon. Said mold (1) bottom plate (7) has connecting couplings (6) for striking filler necks of the elastic vessel (2) thereon and leading into the hollow shaft (5). The mold (1) is provided in its top portion with a perforated plate (8) with position fixing elements (9) of the elastic vessel (2) bottoms (2) and with a closing cover (10). One end of the hollow shaft (5) is connected through an inlet valve (11) to a pressure source (3) while the other end thereof is connected to a discharge valve (12).

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a new technology of casting of prefabricated components into a closed mold and a device for its implementation, wherein the new technology utilizes hydraulic compaction of encapsulating material by means of pressure expansion of the inner flexible plastic containers in the form of lost formwork.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Existing technologies used for compaction of potting mixtures, usually concrete, in the mold most often use vibration compaction methods, or simply pressing the mold wall as a piston. Recently, the use of plasticizers has been increasingly used, the effectiveness of which can reach a level where only hydrostatic pressure provides sufficient compaction.

A common disadvantage of the aforementioned technologies in compacting a mixture with solid filler components lighter than water is the tendency of these components to move to the top of the pot. As air-extruded air bubbles behave similarly, these technologies do not allow the use of initial air content to form bubbles that enhance the heat-insulating properties of compacted prefabricated building blocks.

The application limitations of these methodologies are their cost, either because of the cost of the technological equipment or due to the energy intensity, or by increasing the cost of the mixture in the case of using plasticizers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The solutions of the present invention reduce the disadvantages of the known concrete compaction technologies in the production of prefabricated elements. Its essence is that at least one resiliently plastic container is placed in the interior of the mold. The mold space is gradually filled with a potting compound and the compaction and injection of the potting compound into the mold is performed after the mold is closed by pressurizing a resiliently plastic container.

It is advantageous if the solid compound of the concrete mixture is used as the potting compound and the water component is supplied to the mold only during or after the molding of the solid compound mixture. Advantageously, a concrete mix may be used, wherein the solid components comprise fragments of foamed material with an open structure, which may be, for example, preferably pulp from aerated concrete production waste.

When using concrete mixtures which need to be mixed with the water component, preferably the water-filled resilient plastic containers are perforated before being placed in the mold and the water component is introduced into the water-filled concrete mixture by extrusion from these perforated resilient plastic containers placed as permanent formwork in the mold. In this case, the mixture of the solid components of the concrete mixture is introduced into the mold from the side of the resilient plastic container while simultaneously spraying the filled space with water through the perforated resilient plastic container.

Advantageously, the mold rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of the axes of the resilient plastic containers and the direction of filling of the mold with the concrete mixture during compaction and injection of the potting compound, thereby uniformly distributing air bubbles in the precast product.

PET bottles can preferably be used as resilient plastic containers, and a water supply network can be used as a pressure source for humidifying the concrete mixture in the mold through the resilient plastic containers and injecting the concrete mixture into the mold.

The essence of the apparatus for carrying out said casting method is that it consists of a frame in the form of a stand, which is provided with a hinged shaft rotatably mounted on which the mold base plate is fixed. In this base plate there are formed sleeves for striking the necks of the resilient plastic containers, resulting in a hollow shaft. In its upper part, the mold is provided with a perforated plate with fixing elements for the position of the elastically plastic containers and a closing lid. One end of the hollow shaft is connected via an inlet valve to a pressure source and the other end of the hollow shaft is connected to an outlet valve. The mold can be provided with a counterweight due to the moments occurring during its rotation.

The main contribution of the technological solution of the method of compaction according to the invention is the energy efficiency and the fact that, while maintaining the possibility of mechanization in the case of serial production, this technology can produce piece-like prefabricates even in the place without access to the energy distribution.

Furthermore, it is practically significant that the position of the solid concrete particles is determined by the pre-wetting condition, which prevents any porous component from being cast and permits the maintenance of orders of magnitude greater air content in the prefabricated products produced.

Overview of the figure in the drawing

An exemplary technological device for applying the invention is shown schematically in the attached drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method of casting the building prefabricates into a closed mold will be described below together with a device which enables the method to be realized. The equipment for the production of prefabricated elements according to said solution is structurally similar to the barbecue equipment.

The frame 15 with the stand function is provided in bearings 16 with a hollow shaft 5 rotatably mounted on which the L-base plate 7 is fixed. The hollow shaft 5 is connected at one end to an inlet valve 11 which is connected to a pressure source 3, e.g. . The other end of the hollow shaft 5 is connected to the discharge valve 12. In the base plate 7 of the mold 1, there are formed sleeves 6 which open into the hollow shaft 5. The mold 1 is provided with a perforated plate 8 in its upper part. The mold 1 also comprises a closing lid 10 which is fixed above the perforated plate 8.

In the actual molding process of the prefabricated elements of the present invention, flexible plastic containers 2 are inserted into the mold 1. In this example, PET bottles are used as the flexible plastic containers 2. In the manufacture of prefabricates from mixtures that need to supply a water component, these PET bottles are perforated prior to insertion into the mold 1 and then hit the sleeves 6 in the base plate 7 by throat. By means of fixing elements 9 formed in the perforated plate 8, these PET bottles are during watering, for example with concrete mixture, they are held in vertical position behind the bottom depressions. The water component is introduced into the mold 1 from a pressure source via an inlet valve 11 through a hollow shaft 5 and a sleeve 6. The solid component of the mixture is conveyed to the mold 1 through a perforated plate 8 with continuous water spraying from flexible plastic containers 2. for example by means of screws, the mold 1 rotates around the hollow shaft 5 with the inlet valve 11 fully open. Form 1

-2GB 294431 B6 can be rotated manually or by transmission by motor 4 via the gear set 14. After the prescribed water volume has been filled, the inlet valve 11 must be closed and the drain valve 12 opened so that excess water is drained from the resilient plastic containers 2. The rotatable mold 1 is provided with a counterweight 13. In the event that a mixture is used for the manufacture of the precast elements which does not need to supply the water component, it is not necessary to perforate the resilient plastic containers 2. In the case where a mixture of solid components of the concrete mixture is used for the manufacture of prefabricates, the water component is supplied to the mold 1 during or after filling of the mold 1. It is preferred that the solid components of the concrete mixture comprise fragments of open structure foam material such as for example d from aerated concrete waste. The purpose of the pressurization in said casting method is to fully fill the mold 1 space and the purpose of the mold 1 rotation is to ensure an even distribution of air bubbles in the prefabricated product.

Industrial applicability

In particular, the casting method and the apparatus according to the invention are intended for the production of prefabricated blocks from a concrete mixture with a filler containing a significant proportion of foam granules, eg fragments of polystyrene waste.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS Method for casting of prefabricated elements into a closed mold, characterized in that at least one resiliently plastic container (2) is placed in the inner space of the mold (1), the mold space (1) is gradually filled with potting compound and compaction and extrusion of the potting compound The mass into the mold (1) is carried out after closing the mold (1) by pressurizing the resiliently plastic container (2). Casting method according to claim 1, characterized in that a solid compound mixture of the concrete mixture is used as the casting compound and the water component is supplied to the mold (1) during the filling of the mold (1) with the mixture of solid components. Casting method according to claim 1, characterized in that a solid compound mixture of the concrete mixture is used as the embedding compound and the water component is supplied to the mold (1) after the mold (1) is filled with the mixture of solid components. Casting process according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the solid constituents of the concrete mixture comprise fragments of open-wall foam material. Casting method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the sealed elastic plastic containers (2) are perforated before being placed in the mold (1) and the water component is introduced into the grouting concrete mixture by extrusion from these perforated resilient plastic containers (2) into a mold (1). Casting method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixture of solid components of the concrete mixture is fed into the mold (1) from the side of the resilient plastic containers (2) while pressure spraying the filled space with water over the perforated resilient plastic containers (2). Molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mold (1) is rotated about the axis perpendicular to the axis of the elastically plastic containers (2) and the mold filling direction during compaction and injection of the sealing compound. (1) concrete mix. -3GB 294431 B6 Casting method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that PET bottles are used as the resiliently plastic container (2). Device for carrying out the casting method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is formed by a frame (15) in the form of a stand, which is provided with a hinged shaft (5) rotatably mounted on which the base plate is fixed. (7) a mold (1), in which sockets (6) are formed for crimping the necks of resilient plastic containers (2), resulting in a hollow shaft (5), the mold (1) being provided with a perforated plate (8) by fixing elements (9) of the bottom position of resilient plastic containers (2) and a closing lid (10), one end of the hollow shaft (5) being connected via an inlet valve (11) to a pressure source (3) and the other end of the hollow shaft (5) is connected to the drain valve (12).