CZ257397A3 - Biological degradable filling agent for biological purification of waste air, process of its preparation, its use and bioreactor containing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns organically based fillers for biological exhaust air purification plants, said fillers being characterized in that they are in the form of pellets solidified with an organic binder. These pellets are mechanically stable, cause a low pressure loss in the biofilter, can be produced with a specific material structure, and can be disposed of easily.

Description

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Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an exhaust air filler, process and bioreactors thereof.

for biological preparation, its purification use

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biological wastewater treatment is a way of minimizing the concentration of air pollutants by biological degradation. In doing so, microorganisms utilize pollutants such as those found in painting and printing plants, for substrates for biomass degradation and for their metabolism. In doing so, harmful substances, such as water or carbon dioxide, are formed from hazardous substances. This is demonstrably a biological conversion of airborne substances and not a biological accumulation, that is to say the issue of waste air to other areas of the environment.

Two principles dominate the biological waste air purification plant: a biofilter and a trickled biological filter. In both cases, the bioreactors flow exhaust air loaded with pollutants, whereby microorganic flora suitable for degrading airborne contaminants is formed on the reactor filler. The fundamental difference between the two principles lies in the sprinkling density of the reactor backfill with water to wet the biofilm onto the filler. For the filler it is crucial to provide nutrient media, material structure, specific surface area, waste gas pressure losses in bioreactors, water retention capacity and lifetime. These factors have a decisive impact on the overall efficiency of the biological waste air treatment plant in terms of both investment and operating costs.

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The state of the art offers, in relation to fillers, two fundamentally different plastics as well as organic alternatives: synthetic filler bodies of conventional substances for the material exchange of backfills from compost, soil, peat, cellulose, sawdust, coal, heather and / or ground bark, see. DE-A1-34 14 044. The advantage of inert materials lies in their long service life and homogeneous, structural properties. Also, the wetting of the material can be better controlled. On the other hand, it must be monitored at the beginning of the run to avoid delays in performance. Furthermore, there is a frequent risk of increment at high loads.

Organic fillers do not require the addition of mineral salts, since they are generally contained in an amount sufficient for microorganisms. Thus, the organic filler serves not only as a biofilm carrier of the generally potent microflora formed by bacteria, but also as a moisture storage and nutrient source. This weakens the technical regulation needs. A higher ability to retain water with organic fillers is advantageous for microbiological settlement. However, many of these biological fillers have an inhomogeneous structure which, moreover, also changes over time. Tufts are formed or the material is still fine-grained by repeated drying and wetting, causing high pressure losses. Another consequence is the filter, as it occurs more negatively on performance.

different delays in circumferential throughput. It works

There have also been attempts to achieve a uniform backfill by mechanically solidifying the biological material, possibly with the addition of mineral additives such as bentonite, zeolite and / or clay by compression into pellets, thereby preventing channel and peripheral patency, see AT-PS 395 684. however, the pellets are not stable in long-term operation under the influence of moisture, so that they disintegrate over time, again causing the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Further suggestions for biofilter fillers are evident from

EP-A1-0 413 638

464,661 a

497 214.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide organic-based fillers for filling biological waste gas scrubbers that retain the benefits of biological fillers and outperform materials. The organic material must be mechanically stable pellets, resistant to the disadvantages of existing moisture-binding pellets, without however losing the desired properties to serve as a moisture storage and a nutrient source also for the microorganisms. The chosen binder must be such that it can biodegrade without any problems at the end of the live cycle of the bioactive filler.

This task of amino / phenoplasts and, for example, curing the binder to is resolved by admixing a reactive binder from a suitable resin to the organic material, compost, and compressing to a uniform stable pellet.

Various organic products such as peat or heather and, in particular, compost, such as waste compost, green compost, bark, leaf and the like, or mixtures thereof, can be used as organic material.

The fillers thus prepared have all the advantages of organic binders used hitherto. After the adaptation phase they degrade well in water as well as poorly soluble organic pollutants from the air. Ethyl acetate and toluene were chosen as prototypes of these pollutants and their biodegradation was measured in suitable devices.

Newly developed pellets have the following advantages:

compared to conventional fillers

Stab i 1 i ta:

Pelletization with the addition of amino / phenopolymers as a binder achieves the long-term high mechanical stability of the pellets at the moisture content required for operational reasons for biological waste air purifiers.

Rentabi1 ta:

The increased stability of the pellets increases the life of the filler, so that backfills in biological waste air treatment plants rarely have to be changed. A protracted start-up phase with low cleaning performance after costly emptying and refilling of the bioreactor rarely occurs.

Pressure losses:

Backfill with new air passage pellets than the existing energy requirement for air injection.

have lower filler pressure losses and thus reduce the necessary pressure

Nutrient source:

With kopost as the main organic component, the pellets have sufficient nutrients for microorganisms, so that no additional dosage of nutrient preparation is required.

Material structure:

By changing the compost / aminopoly ratio and pelletizing parameters, it is possible to achieve a defined material structure.

• ·

• * • · · · - 5 - Removability: Because they're in pellets occupied just biological degradable compounds can is removed for example composting. As follows from experience i does not occur in

filter media biological waste air purifiers no accumulation of pollutants from the air.

Suitable amino / phenopolymers are, in particular, the products of addition and condensation of carbonyl compounds, in particular aldehydes, with urea, thiourea, melamine, urethane and phenol.

The invention is further illustrated in the following examples without limiting the invention thereto.

Example 1 kg of compost, mature compost from SAB GmbH, sieved on 8 mm sieve, with 18 wt. moisture, 0.99 kg urine of an ivinoformaldehyde adhesive such as Hiacoll H18 from Krems Chemie, and 0.01 kg of a hardener such as urea phosphate were mixed in a mixer and then pressed into pellets of length 7 mm using a 7 mm punch pad. 2 to 5 cm.

Examples 2 to 10

As in Example 1, however, the binder, hardener, and comonomer ratio vary as indicated:

• · · · · · · · · · · ·

at- klad no. compost po j i vo hardener kg humidity S. wt. type kg humidity OF. wt. type kg 2 9 16 urine no- formaldehyde (Hi aco1 1 wlp 99) 0.99 5 1 chloride ammonium 0.01 3 6 1 urine no- formaldehyde (Hi aco11 wlp 99) 3.96 5 1 chloride ammonium 0.04 4 9 16 urine no- formaldehyde (Hi aco11 wp1 99) 0.99 5 1 1 guilty 0.01 5 6 1 urine no- formaldehyde (Hi aco 1 1 wpl 99) 3.96 5 1 urine no- phosphate 0.04 6 9 18 urine no- formaldehyde (Hi aco11 H18) 0, 99 35 urine no- phosphate 0.01 7 9 18 form 1dehyd- me 1 ami n- urine on (Hiacol1 MUF26) 0.99 36 urine no- phosphate 0.01 8 5 3 f orma1dehyd- me 1 ami n- urine on (Hiacol1 MUF26) 4.95 36 urine no- phosphate 0.05

9 9 18 phenoplast (Hi aco 1 1 HMP45) 0.99 35 1 ant 0.01 10 7 6 phenoplast (Hi abond P1413) 2.82 53 potash 0.08

The efficacy of the pellets thus prepared was verified on a laboratory apparatus and compared with an apparatus filled with conventional compost.

pollutant: ethyl acetate raw gas (g org. C / m ³ h) odbouraná part (g org.C / nPh) conversion % compost-strutural 30 30 100 ALIGN! material compost-glue-pellet 30 30 100 ALIGN! compost-strutural 50 50 100 ALIGN! material compost-glue-pellet 50 50 100 ALIGN!

pollutant: toluene raw gas (g org. C / m ³ h) degraded part (g org.C / m ³ h) conversion % compost-strutural 30 25 84 material compost-1epi d1o-pe 1 eta 30 30 100 ALIGN! compost-strutural 50 28 56 material compost-glue-pellet 50 30 60

Pressure drop of fillers at the start of operation, after 30 hours of operation with ethyl acetate as pollutant as well as the following 40 hours of operation with toluene as pollutant in air at a specific surface load of 90 m ^{3 of} exhaust air in m ^{2 of} filtered volume per hour:

start of operation mm Ws / m after 30 days mm Ws / m after 70 days mm Ws / mm compost-structural material 73 146 > 500 compost-glue- pellet 28 47 144

Claims (6)

PATENTOVÉ Claims T> Y £ 573 • · Λ · < CLAIMS 1. Biodegradable organic based filler for biological waste air purification plants, characterized in that it is formed in the form of pellets reinforced with an organic binder from the group of amino-phenophenols. 2. Fillers according to Claim 1 characterized by that as organic base material contains peat, heather and / or compost. 3. Fillers according to Claim 2 characterized by that as the organic base material contains garbage compost, green compost or leaves. The filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains 10 to 50 wt. organic binders. Process for the preparation of the filler according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the organic base material, in particular peat, heather, compost or a mixture thereof, is mixed with an organic binder from the group of amino / phenoplasts, in particular a urea-formaldehyde adhesive. the binder is pressed into pellets while curing the binder. A process according to claim 5, characterized in that the compost and urea-formaldehyde binder are mixed in a weight ratio of 9: 1 to 1: 1 and the mixture is compressed into pellets. Use of the filler according to claims 1 to 5 for the purification of flowing gases, in particular in waste gas treatment plants. 8. Bioreactor for biological treatment of flowing gases, in particular biofilter for biological treatment of waste gases. • · - 10, characterized in that it contains as filler pellets reinforced with an organic binder from the group of amino / phenopolites according to one of claims 1 to 5.