CZ2305U1 - Fatty component of milk nutrition and infant food - Google Patents

Description

Technology _:

The technical solution relates to the fat component of milk nutrition especially for infants and pregnant women and baby food containing this fat component.

Background Art

Fat plays an important role in newborn nutrition. In particular, unsaturated fatty acids (MKs) of the n-3, n-6 series, the so-called polyene fatty acids (PUFAs), are important for growth, brain development, retina, cell membranes, and play an important role in many immune and inflammatory reactions. Essential MKs are of great importance for the maturation of nerve tissue, for visual functions and many other aspects (Neuringer, M .: Nutr. Rev., 51, 1993, Farquharson, J. et al .: Lancet 340, 1992). Breast milk contains optimal quantities of these important MCs. However, this optimal composition of MK does not meet the available nutritional supplements.

Breast milk (MM) contains the optimum amount that a newborn needs to develop, and therefore is the best model to enrich the composition. MM contains a sufficient amount of necessary MK, especially arachidonic acid (AA) 20: 4n-6, to osahexaenoic (DFLA) 22: 6n-3, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) 20: 5n-3. MM-fed children have higher levels of AA and DHA in tissues compared to infants fed artificial nutrition. (Carlson, S.E. et al. J. Pediatr 1992, 120: 159-67).

Obtained information on the MK spectrum in breast milk in the above papers [Carlson, S.E.: Lipids, 27 (1992), Hawley, L.E., J. Am. Dietet. Asoc. 72 (1978), Luukkainen, P., J. Ped. G.E. Nutr. 18, (1994), Mydlilova, A. et al. Proceedings medicine. 94, 1993] suggest the need to change the composition of MK in neonatal replacement nutrition.

To date, most formulations have contained vegetable oils which have provided an optimal amount of linoleic acid (LA) 18: 2n6 and linolenic (ALA) 18: 3n-3 (Clark, K.J. et al. J. Pediatr. 1992, 120: 151-8).

These acids must be present at an optimal ratio (4-10: 1). Little attention was paid to AA, DHA, EPA. Most of the oils used (coconut, soybean, sunflower) provide enough LA and ALA but no DHA, AA and EPA acid.

Dietary deficiency of n-3 and n-6 MK has an adverse effect on brain and visual function (Uauy, R.et al. J. Pediatr. 1992: 160-80).

Supplementation of formulations with fish oil, which provides sufficient DHA and EPA acid, appears to be preferable to addition of ALA to formulas (Carlson, S.E. et al. J. Pediatr. 1992, 120: 159-67). Because the newborn and especially premature is very sensitive to AA and DHA deficiencies, it is necessary that baby food products contain the necessary amount of these MCs.

Recommendations for full-time children:

The European Child Nutrition Committee (ESPGAN) recommends a content of 3.5 to 6.5 g fat / 100 kcal for children aged 0 to 12 months.

Suggestions for Fatty Acids for Premature Infants (1987):

1. Fat of 4,7 kg / kg to include both vegetable and animal fat

2. MCT (medium chain triglycerides) is well absorbed by premature babies, whereas

MCT should not exceed 40% of the total fat content of the products

3. Linoleic acid - 8% recommended, not to exceed 20%.

18: 2 n-3 4.5% of total energy (0.5 g / 100 kcal) some have a content of up to 22% of total fat (which is much more than in breast milk of mothers with high PUF A diets) ).

In Europe in MM, linoic acid is about 8%.

4. Linolenic acid - recommended at least 0.5% of total energy, ie 55 mg / 100 kcal.

Other recommendations:

American Academy of Pediatrics - recommends that formulas contain 3.3 g / 100 kcal, ie.

% of energy intake and 300 mg of 18: 2/100 kcal, ie about 1.7% of total calories.

Some MM contains 18: 2 MK 8-10%.

Vegetarians have extremely high levels of 18: 2 MK.

Mother's diet affects lipid composition but not the amount of fat. The PUFA acid-rich diet increases unsaturated MK and in the MM without changes in fat content. When the mother is calorically deficient, she mobilizes depot fat. If there is an excess of non-fat calories in the diet, the level of saturated MK increases, the lipids are synthesized from tissue stores.

A mother who is poorly nourished during pregnancy has 3-4 times more frequent developmental disorders of the CNS and congenital anomalies in the child. Arachidonic acid and DHA pass through the placenta from the mother to the fetus, while the fetal side lacks EPA and there is very little alpha linoenic acid.

In one study, 500 women with low birth weight infants were examined. In these women, deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, and FFA in the diet have been found against a group of women who gave birth to children

-3 normal birth weight. Low AA / associated with low birth weight., Smaller head circumference, small placenta.

The latest work (Nettleton JA: Journal of the Amer. Dietetic Assoc., 93, 58-64, 1993), which lists the most important products, especially from the US, that they are virtually unprecedented in these formulations compared to human breast milk. polyene essential fatty acids.

There are other recent works to draw attention to the disadvantages of existing products - whether in terms of eg their energy redundancy Dewey, K.G. et al., Amer. J. Clin Nutr., 57, 140-145, 1993.

The risks of developmental disorders of the nervous system, brain and vascular system from insufficient or poor nutrition of newborns (especially premature babies) are also pointed out by Cawford M.A. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 703-709S, 1993,

The essence of the technical solution

The abovementioned drawbacks of existing preparations are eliminated by this technical solution, whereby the fat component of milk nutrition for children and pregnant women contains fatty acids. The fat component of the dairy contains 16.39 to 22.28% by weight of linoleic acid, 1.98 to 2.28% by weight of linolenic acid, 0.08 to 0.18% by weight of arachidonic acid, 0.58 to 0% by weight of linoleic acid. 96% by weight of eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.38 to 0.63% by weight of docosahexaenoic acid.

Said composition of important fatty acids in the fat component can be achieved in particular by the fact that the fat component is fish oil as well as a mixture of sunflower oil and soybean oil preferably in a 1: 1 ratio.

Another object of the invention is to provide a baby food, especially for infants, containing the ingredients customary for these preparations, in particular fat, protein, lactose, water, minerals and vitamins, wherein the fat component comprises from 26 to 36% by weight.

This fat component consists of milk fat in an amount of 60 to 85% by weight, vegetable fat in an amount of 10 to 35% by weight and fish oil in an amount of 3 to 5% by weight.

The fat component of baby food contains fatty acids in weight%: linoleic acid 16.39 to 22.28, linolenic acid at 1.98 to 2.28, arachidonic acid at 0.08 to 0.18, eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of 0.58 to 0.96 and docosahexaenoic acid in an amount of 0.38 to 0.63.

Exemplary embodiments

Example 1 Adapted milk formula for infants under 6 months of age

The basic raw material for the preparation of the product - liquid cream containing 12.5 - 13.0% fat is mixed with vegetable oil Feminol (SeTuZa, Ústí nad Labem) and with fish oil (EPAX 3000-TG, Pronova, Biocare, Norway). Feminol is a mixture of sunflower and soybean oil (1: 1), which contains 12.4% saturated, 22.1% monoene fatty acids (MKs) and the acids of the n-6 series are dominated by linoleic C 18: 2 n-6 (LA ) with 60.2%, the sum of MK of the n-3 series is 4.6% with linolenic G18: 3n-3 (ALA). Polyene essential MK eicosapentaeno C 20: 5 n-3 (EPA), arachidonic C 20: 4 n-6 (AA) and docosahexaeno C 22: 6 n-3 (DHA) are not represented.

Feminol used in the mixture was stored at 20-25 ° C and processed within 4 weeks of storage.

Fish oil, high in polyene MK of the n-3 series (sum = 38.5%) and EPA = 19.2%, DHA - 12.5% and n-6 (sum - 8.1%) dominate in particular AA = 1.93%, was stored at 4 ° C and was previously exposed to temperatures of 70 ° C for 15 min and 90 ° C for 30 min. The content of malondialdehyde (the secondary product produced by the formation of peroxides) differs minimally (0.5 - 1%) from the control samples at 4 ° C and also the MK spectrum, especially EPA and DHA, does not differ in the order of 70 ° C and 90 ° C. . The peroxide content expressed in µg peroxide bound oxygen in 1 g fat is 0.068 for the control sample and 0.076 and 90 ° C = 0.080 for the 70 ° C sample.

To 25 parts by weight of Feminol, 5 wt. d. fish oil and the fat blend is heat treated at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by mixing the oil base with 190 wt. d. Liquid cream (wet blend) of 12.5% fat, equivalent to 34 g of fat per 100 g of preparation. After pasteurization at 70 ° C for 15 min. the mixture is cooled, concentrated in an evaporator. This is followed by the last pasteurization at 70 ° C for only 1 - 1.5 min., Further drying the mixture with hot air at 200 ° C for 1 min. and cooling to 80 ° C. The particulate form of the formulation is prepared to be formulated into a consumer mold.

The MK formulation of 5% fish oil preparation approaches the MK spectrum in breast milk and was expressed in% in 34 g of fat per 100 g of formulation and in g in Tables 1 and 2.

Example 2: Adapted milk formula for infants under 6 months of age

Basic ingredients for the preparation of the product - liquid cream containing 12.5 - 13.0% fat is mixed with vegetable oil Feminol (SeTuZa, Ústí nad L.) and with fish oil (EPAX 3000-TG, Pronova, Biocare, Norway). Feminol is a mixture of sunflower and soybean oil (1: 1), which contains 12.4% saturated, 22.1% monoene fatty acids (MKs) and the acids of the n-6 series are dominated by linoleic C 18: 2 n-6 (LA ) with 60.2%. The sum of MK of the n-3 series is 4.6% with linolenic C18: 3n-3 (ALA). Polyene essential MK eicosapentaeno C 20: 5 n-3 (EPA), arachidonic C 20: 4 n-6 (AA) and docosahexaeno C 22: 6 n-3 (DHA) are not represented.

Feminol used in the mixture was stored at 20-25 ° C and processed within 4 weeks of storage.

Fish oil, high in polyene MK series n-3 (sum = 38.5%) and EPA = 19.2%, DHA = 12.5% and n-6 (sum = 8.1%) dominate in particular AA% 1.93%, was stored at 4 ° C and was previously exposed to temperatures of 70 ° C for 15 min. and 90 ° C for 30 min. The content of malondialdehyde (the secondary product produced by the formation of peroxides) differs minimally (0.5 - 1%) from the control samples at 4 ° C and also the MK spectrum, especially EPA and DHA, does not differ in the order of 70 ° C and 90 ° C. . The peroxide content, expressed in µg perixide bound oxygen, in 1 g fat is 0.068 in the control sample and 0.080 in the 70 ° C sample.

To 25 parts by weight of Feminol 3 wt. d. fish oil and the fat blend is heat treated at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by mixing the oil base with 196 wt. d. Liquid cream (wet blend) of 12.5% fat, equivalent to 34 g of fat per 100 g of preparation. After pasteurization at 70 ° C for 15 min. the mixture is cooled, concentrated in an evaporator. This is followed by the last pasteurization at 70 ° C for only 1 - 1.5 min, then drying the mixture with hot air at 200 ° C for 1 min. and cooling to 80 ° C. The particulate form of the formulation is prepared to be formulated into a consumer mold.

The spectrum of MK preparation with 3% fish oil preparation is close to that of MK in breast milk and in 34 g of fat per 100 g of preparation it was expressed in% and in g in tab.

Example 3 Milk nutrition for children over 6 months of age

Basic ingredients for the preparation of the product - liquid cream containing 12.5 - 13.0% fat is mixed with vegetable oil Feminol (SeTuZa, Ústí nad L.) and with fish oil (EPAX 3000-TG, Pronova, Biocare, Norway). Feminol is a mixture of sunflower and soybean oil (1: 1), which contains 12.4% saturated, 22.1% monoene fatty acids (MKs) and the acids of the n-6 series are dominated by linoleic C 18: 2 n-6 (LA ) with 60.2%. The sum of MK of the n-3 series is 4.6% with linolenic C18: 3n-3 (ALA). Polyene essential MK eicosapentaeno C 20: 5 n-3 (EPA), arachidonic C 20: 4 n-6 (AA) and docosahexaeno C 22: 6 n-3 (DHA) are not represented.

Feminol used in the mixture was stored at 20-25 ° C and processed within 4 weeks of storage.

Fish oil, high in polyene MK series n-3 (sum = 38.5%) and EPA = 19.2%, DHA - 12.5% and n-6 (sum = 8.1%) dominate in particular AA% 1.93%, was stored at 4 ° C and was previously exposed to temperatures of 70 ° C for 15 min. and 90 ° C for 30 min. The content of malondialdehyde (the secondary product produced by the formation of peroxides) differs minimally (0.5 - 1%) from the control samples at 4 ° C and also the MK spectrum, especially EPA and DHA, does not differ in the order of 70 ° C and 90 ° C. . The peroxide content, expressed in µg perixide bound oxygen, in 1 g fat is 0.068 for the control sample and 0.076 and 90 ° C = 0.080 for the 70 ° C sample.

To 12 parts by weight of Feminol 3 wt. d. fish oil and the fat blend is heat treated at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by mixing the oil base with 177 wt. d. Liquid cream (wet blend) of 12.5% fat, equivalent to 26 g of fat per 100 g of preparation. After pasteurization at 70 ° C for 15 min. the mixture is cooled, concentrated in an evaporator. This is followed by the last pasteurization at 70 ° C for only 1 - 1.5 min, further drying the mixture with hot air at 200 ° C for 1 min. and cooling to 80 ° C. The particulate form of the formulation is prepared to be formulated into a consumer mold.

The spectrum of MK preparation with 3% fish oil preparation is close to the MK spectrum in breast milk and at 26 g of fat per 100 g of preparation it was expressed in% and in g eg in the following polyene acids:

LA 8.79% = 2.29 g

EPA: 0.58 = 0.15

DHA: 0.38 = 0.1

Example 4 Milk nutrition for children over 6 months of age

The basic raw material for the preparation of the product - liquid cream containing 12.5 - 13.0% fat is mixed with vegetable oil Feminol (SeTuZa, Usti nad L.) and with fish oil (EPAX 3000-TG, Pronova, Biocare, Norway). Feminol is a mixture of sunflower and soybean oil (1: 1), which contains 12.4% saturated, 22.1% monoene fatty acids (MKs) and the acids of the n-6 series are dominated by linoleic C 18: 2 n-6 (LA ) with 60.2%. The sum of MK of the n-3 series is 4.6% with linolenic C18: 3n-3 (ALA). Polyene essential MK eicosapentaeno C 20: 5 n-3 (EPA), arachidonic C 20: 4 n-6 (AA) and docosahexaeno C 22: 6 n-3 (DHA) are not represented.

Feminol used in the mixture was stored at 20-25 ° C and processed within 4 weeks of storage.

Fish oil, high in polyene MK series n-3 (sum = 38.5%) and EPA = 19.2%, DHA = 12.5% and n-6 (sum = 8.1%) dominate in particular, AA = 1.93%, was stored at 4 ° C and was previously exposed to 70 ° C for 15 min. and 90 ° C for 30 min. The content of malondialdehyde (the secondary product produced by the formation of peroxides) differs minimally (0.5 - 1%) from the control samples at 4 ° C and also the MK spectrum, especially EPA and DHA, does not differ in the order of 70 ° C and 90 ° C. . The peroxide content expressed in µg peroxide bound oxygen in 1 g fat is 0.068 for the control sample and 0.076 and 90 ° C = 0.080 for the 70 ° C sample.

To 10 parts by weight of Feminol, 5 wt. d. fish oil and the fat blend is heat treated at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by mixing the oil base with 177 wt. d. Liquid cream (wet blend) of 12.5% fat, equivalent to 26 g of fat per 100 g of preparation. After pasteurization at 70 ° C for 15 min. the mixture is cooled, concentrated in an evaporator. This is followed by the last pasteurization at 70 ° C for only 1-1.5 min, then drying the mixtures with a hot air of 200 ° C for 1 min. and cooling to 80 ° C. The particulate form of the formulation is prepared to be formulated into a consumer mold.

The spectrum of MK preparation with 5% fish oil preparation comes close to the MK spectrum in breast milk and at 26 g of fat per 100 g of preparation it was expressed in% and in g eg in the following polyene acids:

LA: 7.66% = 1.99 g

EPA: 0.96 = 0.25

DHA: 0.63 = 0.16

Example 5 Adapted milk formula for infants under 6 months of age

A fat blend comprising 35 parts by weight of Feminol with the same spectrum of MK saturated, monoene and n-3 and n-6 series acids as shown in Examples 1-4 and 5 wt. d. fish oil of the same lot as in the previous examples, heat treated at 90 ° C for 30 min. and mixed with 163 wt. d. Liquid creams with a fat content of 12,5%, equivalent to 34 g of fat in 100 g of dried product. For further processing, including pasteurization at 70 ° C and 90 ° C, cooling and drying the mixture with hot air, the same procedure as in Examples 1-4 was used.

The spectrum of MK preparation with 5% fish oil enrichment is shown in Tab. 2.

Example 6 Milk Nutrition for Pregnant and Nursing Mothers

The same raw materials including fish oil as in the previous examples are used to make the formulation. The fat blend contains 15 wt. d. Feminol and 3 wt. d. fish oil. After mixing, 170 wt. d. liquid cream containing 12.5% of fat is carried out in a manner analogous to that of Examples 1. The final formulation contained 26 g of fat in 100 g of dried preparation. The enrichment of 3% fish oil resulted in the expansion of the MK spectrum by the essential polyene MK series n-3 (EPA, DHA) and the n-6 (LA) series, thus achieving the goal for which the formulation was made.

-9Table 1

Comparison of the Fatty Acid Spectrum in the Formulation of Example 1 and in Commercial Formulations

Fatty acids Feminar % NUTRILON premium % NUTRILON follow on % MM % Example 1 % sum to C 12: 0 5.58 12.39 7.82 5.1 7.57 sum iso + odd 2.65 0.04 0.49 1.63 1.39 C 14: 0 10.58 4.55 8.5 4.9 9.57 sum to C 14: 1 1.59 0.03 0.16 0.34 0.67 C 16: 0 30.27 19.44 26.47 22.5 27.55 C 16: 1 2.98 0.02 0.98 4.0 1.62 C 16: 2 n-7 0.0 0.0 0.16 0.0 0.0 C 18: 0 8.81 3.42 7.18 7.1 7.57 C 18: 1 n-9 24.92 45.55 24.95 39.2 23.08 C 18: 2 n-6 LA 10.65 11.92 21.35 9.1 16.39 C 18: 3 n-6 0.14 0.05 0.13 0.1 0.09 C 18: 3 n-3 ALA 1.57 2.39 1.24 0.9 1.99 C 18: 4 n-3 0.12 0.0 0.07 0.12 0.14 C20: 3 n-6 0.05 0.2 0.12 0.48 0.12 C 20: 4 n-6 AA 0.21 0.0 0.09 0.4 0.18 C 20: 4 n-3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.02 C 20: 5 n-3 EPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.96 C22: 4 n-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 C 22: 5 n-3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 0.13 C22: 6 n-3 DHA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.57 0.63 Saturated: 55.24 39.84 50.46 39.6 53.65 Monoens: 29.49 45.6 26.09 43.91 25.37 sum of PUF A n-3 1.57 2.39 1.31 1.93 3.88 sum PUF A n-6 11.05 12.17 21.85 11.12 16.84 PUFA amount: 12.62 14.56 23.16 13.05 20.72 C 18: 2 n-6 6.78 4.99 17.22 10.11 8.24 C 18: 3 n-3 P / S 0.23 0.37 0.46 0.33 0.39

NUTRILON: premium = infant feeding to 6 months follow on = infant feeding over 6 months

MM = breast milk in the 10th day of lactation

P / S = polyene sum / sum saturated MK

- 10Table2

The MK spectrum in the products of Examples 1,2 and 5 expressed in relative percentages and simultaneously in grams with a minimum (3%) and maximum (5%) addition of EPAX 3000-TG oil. (in 34 g of fat per 100 g of product)

MK Ex, 5 (%) Ex. 1 (%) Ex.2 (%) Ex. 5 (G) Ex. 1 (G) Ex. 2 (G) 12: 0 6.17 7.57 7.45 2.1 2.57 2.53 iso + odd 1.24 1.39 1.43 0.42 0.47 0.49 14: 0 8.23 9.57 9.68 2.8 3.25 3.29 14: 1 0.58 0.67 0.67 0.2 0.23 0.23 16: 0 24.91 27.55 27.95 8.47 9.37 9.5 16: 1 1.9 1.62 1.92 0.65 0.55 0.65 18: 0 7.0 7.57 7.87 2.38 2.57 2.68 18: 1 n9 22.88 23.08 23.28 7.78 7.85 7.92 18: 2 n6 - 22.28 16.39 16.39 7.58 5.57 5.57 18: 3 n6 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 18: 3 n3 2.28 1.99 1.98 0.78 0.68 0.67 18: 4 n3 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.03 20: 3 n6 0.17 0.12 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.04 20: 4 n6 0.08 0.18 0.14 0.03 0.06 0.04 20: 4 n3 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.007 0.003 20: 5 n3 0.96 0.96 0.58 0.33 0.33 0.2 22: 4 n6 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.003 22: 5 n3 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.03 22: 6 n3 0.63 0.63 0.38 0.21 0.21 0.13 Saturated: 47.55 53.65 54.18 16.17 18.24 18.42 Monoén .: 25.36 25.37 25.85 8.62 8.63 8.8 p. PUF A n3 4.02 3.88 3.14 1.37 1.32 1.07 p. PUF A n6 22.62 16.82 16.77 7.69 5.72 5.7 s. PUFA: 26.64 20.7 19.91 9.06 7.11 6.77

18: 2 n6 18: 3 n3 9.77 8.24 8.28 P / S 0.56 0.39 0.37

s. = amount

Table 3:

An overview of the ranges of important fatty acids expressed in relative percentages and grams with the preparations of Examples 1, 2 and 5

MK formula Examples 1, 2, 5 Range (%) Examples 1, 2, 5 range (g) at 34 g fat / 100 g linoleum LA C 18: 2 n-6 16,39-22,28 5,57-7,58 linolene ALA C 18: 3 n-3 1.98-2.28 0.67 - 0.78 arachidonic AA C 20: 4 n-6 0.08- 0.18 0.03 - 0.06 e. eicosapentaenoic EPA C 20: 5 n-3 0.58 - 0.96 0.2 - 0.33 k. dokosahexaen DHA C 22: 6 n-3 0.38- 0.63 0.13 - 0.21

For the preparation of other dairy products, innovated in the mentioned intentions (drinking ur yoghurt, kefir milk, white and other yoghurts, etc.) and therefore suitable and recommended especially for pregnant or lactating women, it is recommended to enrich these milk products with EPAX 3000-TG, from 0.3% to 3% in a given product. An appropriate proportion of essential and important fatty acids, especially the n-3 series, should be provided to this extent.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION CLAIMS 1. Fatty component of lactic nutrition for children and pregnant women containing fatty acids, characterized in that it contains linoleic acid in the amount of 16.39 to 22.28% by weight of linoleic acid in an amount of 1.98 to 2.28 arachidonic acid in from 0.08 to 0.18 eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of 0.58 to 0.96 and docosahexaenoic acid in an amount of 0.38 to 0.63. The dietary fat component of claim 1, wherein the fat component is fish oil. The milk product fat component according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of sunflower and soybean oil. Milk nutrient component according to claim 3, characterized in that the blend of soybean oil and soybean oil is in a 1: 1 ratio. 5. Baby food, especially for infants containing the ingredients customary for these preparations, in particular protein fat, lactose, water, minerals and vitamins, characterized in that it contains a fat component in an amount of 26 to 36 wt. %, wherein the fat component consists of milk fat in an amount of 60 to 85 wt. 10% to 35% by weight; % and fishmukw in an amount of 3 to 5 wt. %. 6. Baby food according to claim 5, characterized in that the fat component contains fatty acids in weight. % linoleic acid at 16.39 to 22.28 linolenic acid at 1.98 to 2.28 arachidonic acid at 0.08 to 0.18 eicosapentaenoic acid at 0.58 to 0.96 and docosahexaenoic acid at 0.38 to 0.63.