CZ20225A3 - Phenylpropanoid derivatives, preparations containing these derivatives and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution concerns new phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I and their use in medicine, cosmetics and biotechnology. The solution also relates to pharmaceutical compositions, preferably antibacterial toothpastes and mouthwash formulations, which contain these derivatives as active compounds.

Description

This invention provides new derivatives of phenylpropanoids, their use in medicine, cosmetics and biotechnology, and preparations containing these derivatives.

Current state of the art

Phenylpropanoids are the largest group of secondary metabolites produced by plants, primarily in response to biotic or abiotic stresses, injury, UV radiation, exposure to ozone, pollutants, and other environmental conditions. It is assumed that the molecular basis of the protective effect of phenylpropanoids in plants is their antioxidant properties and ability to trap free radicals. These phenylpropanoids are also the main biologically active components of the human diet and traditional medicines. In the past few years, natural and synthetic phenylpropanoids have attracted great interest for medical applications as antioxidants, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. As active natural ingredients, they are also of great interest to the cosmetic and perfume industry.

Dental plaque is an adherent bacterial film and is the main pathological agent of periodontal diseases. The formation of dental plaque can occur both supragingivally and subgingivally. Plaque development is a three-step process. After the formation of a pellicle, pioneer microorganisms adhere to it, multiply and form colonies. The final stage involves the aggregation of filamentous organisms and spirochetes into a cohesive biofilm. Many products of plaque bacteria enter the subepithelial tissue and cause inflammatory responses such as increased vascularity and leukocyte diapedesis. Both supragingival and subgingival plaque can form a hard mineralized mass called calculus. Bacteria lurk on the surface of tartar, which can worsen inflammatory reactions. An effective oral antiseptic must be effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, including streptococci and fusobacteria. Ideally, the active agent would also penetrate the plaque biofilm. Data show that mouthwashes with essential oil and chlorhexidine have the broadest antimicrobial effects (Elkerbout et al., Int. J. Dent. Hyg. 17, 3-15, 2019).

Bacteria present in the oral biofilm are involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis, and even halitosis. Effective biofilm control is therefore important to prevent these conditions. Manual or electric brushing is recommended as a primary means of reducing plaque and gingivitis; however, effective mechanical plaque control is time-consuming and requires motivation and skill-related skills (Farah et al., Australian Prescriber vol. 32, 162-164, 2009). This is why chemical plaque control using antimicrobial agents is important to supplement the results of mechanical oral hygiene measures (Chye et al., Implant Dentistry vol. 28 74-85, 2019). In dentistry, mouth rinses containing antimicrobial substances with a chemo-mechanical effect work and are used for both preventive and curative purposes. Mouthwashes act as an ideal medium for all inaccessible areas in the mouth and are essential to allow proper wound healing in situations where oral hygiene is difficult or compromised (Van Der Weijden et al., Dent. Clin. NA 59, 799-829, 2015 ).

In general, there are two types of mouthwashes: cosmetic and therapeutic. Cosmetic mouthwashes lack active ingredients that provide true chemical or biological protection, can temporarily control halitosis by leaving a pleasant taste, but do not kill the bacteria associated with it (Joshipuraet al., Nitric Oxide 71, 14-20, 2017). Therapeutic mouthwash, on the other hand, contains active ingredients such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine (CHX), fluoride and peroxide. In other words, cosmetic mouthwashes cannot act as antimicrobial agents and lack the bacteriostatic and bactericidal benefits that therapeutic mouthwashes provide. When the doctor

- 1 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 will prescribe a therapeutic mouthwash, it is often short-term and always based on evidence to address specific conditions. When properly used, therapeutic mouthwashes have been clinically effective in reducing dental biofilm accumulation and also as an adjunct in the treatment of halitosis and periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis (Elkerbout et al., Int. J. Dent. Hyg. 17, 3-15 , 2019).

The aim of this invention is to provide substances suitable for mouthwashes, effective against periodontal bacteria and against the consequences of increased oxidative stress.

The essence of the invention

The present invention provides new phenylpropanoid compounds exhibiting strong antioxidant properties and/or the ability to regulate the expression of the important stress transcription factor NRF2. New phenylpropanoid derivatives are active substances with applications in the prevention and treatment of many diseases associated with oxidative stress in the skin, for example psoriasis. Oxidative stress and its processes are also necessary for the development of fibrosis in fibrotic disorders such as scleroderma, GVHD, hypertrophic scars, NSF, and other skin pathologies. The present invention further provides phenylpropanoid derivatives for the treatment of periodontal disease and the prevention of dental caries for a period of time sufficient to eliminate, kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens causing periodontal disease and dental caries. New phenylpropanoid derivatives are indicated for use in the treatment of dental and skin diseases induced by periodontal bacteria and increased oxidative stress.

The subject of this invention are phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I,

(I) where

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, and C 1 -C 8 alkoxy;

R ⁴ is selected from -OR ⁵ and -N(R ⁶ )(R ⁷ );

R ⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, and -CH[(CH ₂ )o ₂ (COO(C 1 -C 4 alkyl))][(CH ₂ )o-2(COO( C1-C4 alkyl))];

R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, and C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, or R ⁶ and R ⁷ together form -(CH ₂ ) 3 -6-, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Preferably, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, methoxy and ethoxy.

In preferred embodiments, R ¹ is hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy, R ² is hydroxy or methoxy, and/or R ³ is hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy.

-2CZ 2022 - 5 A3

Preferably, R ⁵ is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, allyl, and -CH[(CH 2 )(COO(C 1 -C 4 alkyl))][(COO(C 1 C 4 alkyl))].

Preferably, R6 and R7 together form -(CH2)5-.

Some substances of general formula I can be optically active. If R ⁴ contains a chiral center, formula I includes these substances in the form of racemates, in the form of optically active isomers, and in the form of any mixtures of optically active isomers.

In this context, and unless otherwise specified by the immediate context, general substituent groups have the following meanings:

alkyl means a branched or unbranched alkyl chain containing the specified number of carbon atoms, preferably alkyl is selected from the group containing methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl;

alkenyl means a branched or unbranched alkenyl chain containing 2 to 7 carbons, preferably alkenyl is selected from the group containing vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, but-1 to 3-enyl, pent-1 to 4-enyl, isopentenyl , hex-1 to 5-enyl, hept-1 to 6-enyl;

alkoxy means -O-Ra, where Ra is defined above, preferably selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy;

hydroxy means -OH.

In a preferred embodiment, the phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I are selected from the group including: methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4methoxyphenyl)penta- 2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta- 2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5dimethoxyphenyl) penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, ethyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, allyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-methoxy-3propoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, isopropyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxy- 5-Methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4dienoate, butyl (2E,4E)-5-(3-ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, dimethyl (5)-2((2 E , 4 E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate, diethyl (5)-2-(((2 E,4 E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4dienoyl)oxy)succinate, diisopropyl (5 )-2-(((2E ,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4- dienoate, but-3-en-1 -yl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)hepta2,4,6-trienoate, ethyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-( 4Methoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate, methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)hepta2,4,6-trienoate, ethyl (2E,4E,6E) -7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate, isopropyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate, allyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(3-ethoxy-4methoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate, (2E,4E)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(3,4 ,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta2,4-dien-1-one, (2E,4E)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one, (2E,4E)-5-(4hydroxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one, (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1 (piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one, (2E,4E)-N,N-diethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta2,4-dienamide, (2E ,4E) - N,N-diallyl-5-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide, (2E,4E)-5-(3-butoxy-5-ethoxy- 4-Methoxyphenyl)- N,N -diisopropylpenta-2,4-dienamide, (2E,4E,6E) 7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)hepta-2,4,6-triene -1-one, (2E,4E,6E)-7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)N,N-diethylhepta-2,4,6-trienamide, (2E,4E,6E)-N,N-diethyl- 7-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6trienamide, (2E,4E,6E)-7-(3,5-diethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diethylhepta-2,4 ,6-trienamide.

The most advantageous phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I are selected from the group including: methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)penta2, 4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl

- 3 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 (2E,4E)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3, 5dimethoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate, ethyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta2,4,6-trienoate, dimethyl (S)-2-(( 2E,4E)-5-Phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate, diethyl (S)-2(((2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate, diisopropyl (S )-2-(((2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4dienoyl)oxy)succinate.

The phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I according to the present invention have a wide range of biological activities, which include antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which activities are particularly useful in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

The subject of the invention are phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for use as medicine.

More specifically, the invention relates to phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for use in the treatment of diseases selected from psoriasis, scleroderma, GVHD, hypertrophic scar, NSF, periodontal diseases and for the prevention of dental caries.

The subject of the invention is also phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for use in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in the oral cavity and inhibiting the formation of plaque on teeth and dental prostheses, thereby improving oral hygiene and simultaneously suppressing gingivitis (gingivitis).

The subject of the invention is also phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for use in inhibiting plaque growth.

In another aspect, the subject of the invention are further phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for inhibiting the growth or killing of bacteria in the oral cavity (human or animal), while a therapeutically effective amount of phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I is administered into the oral cavity for a time sufficient for the effective eradication of said bacteria.

In another embodiment, the present invention also provides phenylpropanoid derivatives of formula I for preventing or treating a disease caused by a bacterial infection by administering an effective amount of a bacterial growth modulator of formula I.

The present invention further provides phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for inhibiting the growth of or killing bacteria, wherein said bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Peptostrepococcus anaerobius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium simiae, Candida albicans, Aspergilus niger. The effectiveness against bacteria can be used in both medical and biotechnological applications.

The present invention further provides a toothpaste or mouthwash containing phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for the treatment of periodontal disease and the prevention of dental caries, wherein the toothpaste is applied to the teeth and gums of a human or animal for a period of time sufficient to remove, kill or inhibit the growth of periodontal disease-causing pathogens or tooth decay.

Finally, this invention provides novel antibacterial toothpaste and mouthwash formulations containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more novel phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I and at least one excipient. Toothpaste or mouthwash is particularly suitable for growth inhibition or eradication of pathogens in the oral cavity of humans and animals.

In another aspect, the present invention includes phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I for use for antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity, for inhibition of inflammation of the oral mucosa and/or for deodorization of the oral cavity.

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The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions (including toothpastes and mouthwashes) containing one or more phenylpropanide derivatives of general formula I with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

COMPOSITION

Suitable routes for systemic application are oral, topical, buccal, sublingual and nasal. For the therapy of scalp and skin diseases, solutions, creams and ointments are suitable pharmaceutical forms. Mouthwashes, toothpastes, chewing gums and solutions are suitable medicinal forms for the treatment of the oral cavity.

The pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparation contains from 1 to 95% of the active substance, whereby single doses preferably contain from 20 to 90% of the active substance and, in non-disposable application methods, preferably contain from 5 to 20% of the active substance. Unit dosage forms are, for example, coated tablets, tablets, ampoules, vials or capsules. Other forms of application are e.g. ointments, creams, pastes, foams, tinctures, lipsticks, drops, sprays, dispersions, etc. Examples are capsules containing from 0.05 g to 1.0 g of active substance.

The pharmaceutical preparations according to the present invention are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by conventional mixing, granulation, coating, dissolving or lyophilization processes.

Solutions of active substances are preferably used, as well as suspensions or dispersions, especially isotonic aqueous solutions, suspensions or dispersions, which can be prepared before use, e.g. in the case of lyophilized preparations containing the active substance alone or with a carrier such as mannitol. Pharmaceutical preparations may be sterilized and/or contain excipients such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents and/or emulsifiers, solubilizing agents, salts for regulating osmotic pressure and/or buffers. They are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by ordinary dissolution or lyophilization. Said solutions or suspensions may contain viscosity-increasing substances, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin.

Oil suspensions contain as an oil component vegetable, synthetic or semi-synthetic oils usual for injection purposes. Oils that may be mentioned here are especially liquid fatty acid esters which contain as an acid component a long chain fatty acid having 8-22, preferably 12-22 carbon atoms, e.g. lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic, margaric, stearic, arachidonic and behenic acids, or corresponding unsaturated acids, e.g. oleic, alaidic, euric, brasidic and linoleic acids, possibly with the addition of antioxidants, e.g. vitamin E, beta-carotene or 3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxytoluene. The alcohol component of these fatty acid esters has no more than 6 carbon atoms and is mono- or polyhydric, e.g. mono-, di- or trihydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol and their isomers, but mainly glycol and glycerol. Fatty acid esters are preferably e.g. ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, "Labrafil M 2375" (polyoxyethylene glycerol trioleate, Gattefoseé, Paris), "Labrafil M 1944 CS" (unsaturated polyglycol glycerides prepared by alcoholysis of apricot kernel oil and composed from glycerides and polyethylene glycol esters; Gattefoseé, Paris), "Labrasol" (saturated polyglycol glycerides prepared by alcoholysis of TCM and composed of glycerides and polyethylene glycol esters; Gattefoseé, Paris) and/or "Miglyol 812" (a triglyceride of saturated fatty acids with C8 to C12 from Huls AG, Germany) and especially vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, almond oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, soybean oil and especially groundnut oil.

Preparation of the injectable preparation is carried out under sterile conditions in the usual way, e.g. by filling into ampoules or bottles and sealing the packages.

E.g. pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by mixing the active substance with one or more solid carriers, possibly granulating the resulting mixture and, if desired,

- 5 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 by processing the mixture or granules into tablets or coated tablets by adding other neutral substances. Suitable carriers are especially fillers such as sugars, e.g. lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, preferably calcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and binders such as starches, preferably corn, wheat, rice or potato starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidine, and/or if desired, disintegrators such as the above-mentioned starches and also carboxymethyl starch, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidine, alginic acid and its salts, preferably sodium alginate. Other neutral substances are flow regulators and lubricants, preferably salicylic acid, talc, stearic acid and its salts such as magnesium and/or calcium stearate, polyethylene glycol or its derivatives.

Ointments are oil-in-water emulsions that contain no more than 70%, but preferably 20 to 50% water or an aqueous phase. The fat phase consists mainly of hydrocarbons, e.g. petroleum jelly, paraffin oil or hard paraffins, which preferably contain suitable hydroxy compounds such as fatty alcohols and their esters, e.g. cetyl alcohol, or lanolin alcohols, preferably lanolin to improve the water-binding capacity. Emulsifiers are suitable lipophilic compounds such as sorbitan fatty acid esters (Spany), preferably sorbitan oleate or sorbitan isostearate. Additives to the aqueous phase are e.g. wetting agents such as polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol and/or polyethylene glycol, or preservatives or pleasant-smelling substances.

Fatty ointments are non-aqueous and mainly contain hydrocarbons as a base, e.g. paraffin, vaseline or paraffin oil, and also natural or semi-synthetic fats, e.g. hydrogenated coconut triglycerides of fatty acids or, preferably, hydrogenated oils, e.g. hydrogenated castor oil or oil from peanuts, and also partial glycerol esters of fatty acids, e.g. glycerol mono- and/or distearate. They also contain, for example, fatty alcohols, emulsifiers and/or additives mentioned in connection with ointments, which increase water absorption.

Creams are oil-in-water emulsions that contain more than 50% water. The oil bases used are mainly fatty alcohols, e.g. lauryl, cetyl or staryl alcohols, fatty acids, e.g. palmitic or stearic acid, liquid and solid waxes, e.g. isopropyl myristate, lanolin or beeswax, and/or hydrocarbons, e.g. petrolatum (petroleum) or paraffin oil. Emulsifiers are surface-active compounds with predominantly hydrophilic properties, such as corresponding nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. fatty acid esters of polyalcohols or their ethyleneoxy adducts, e.g. polyglyceric fatty acid esters or polyethylene sorbitan esters (Tween), also polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols or polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids acids, or corresponding ionic emulsifiers, such as alkaline salts of fatty alcohol sulfates, preferably sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate or sodium stearyl sulfate, which are usually used in the presence of fatty alcohols, e.g. cetyl stearyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol. Additives to the aqueous phase are, among other things, agents that protect creams from drying out, e.g. polyalcohols such as glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, as well as preservatives and pleasant-smelling substances.

Pastes are creams or ointments containing powdered secretion-absorbing components such as metal oxides, e.g. titanium oxides or zinc oxide, as well as talc or aluminum silicates, which have the task of binding the moisture or secretion present.

In certain embodiments, the formulations contain at least one base ingredient and an active ingredient comprising a phenolic compound, preferably highly purified (ie, 98% and higher purity, more preferably about 98.5% to 99% purity). A preferred concentration range of the phenolic compound in toothpaste formulations is from about 1% to about 40%.

One or more base ingredients used in a toothpaste formulation include those typically found in conventional toothpastes, and therefore the amounts and types of such base ingredients are known to those skilled in the art. Examples of base ingredients include, but are not limited to, (a) sorbitol, a polyol that functions as a humectant/sweetener; b) water, which acts as a diluent; (C)

- 6 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 silica (eg ZEODENT, sold by Huber Corp.), which acts as an abrasive to help remove particles from the teeth; (d) glycerin, which also serves as a humectant; (e) surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate or Polysorbate 20; (f) binders and viscosity agents such as CEKOL cellulose gum, xantham gum; and (g) preservatives such as sodium benzoate and methylparabens. Aromatic and coloring agents (or bleaches such as titanium dioxide) may also be used. While the basic ingredients identified may indeed be used in the present invention, other basic ingredients commonly used in toothpaste formulations, now known or later discovered, may be used without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

The toothpaste formulation preferably further contains a pharmaceutically acceptable calcium compound, preferably pure calcium, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable magnesium compound such as magnesium phosphate to promote stronger teeth. Preferred toothpaste preparations contain from about 18% to about 22% percent limonene. Preferred calcium percentages range from about 1.25% to about 1.50%. Preferred percentage amounts of magnesium phosphate range from about 1.25% to about 1.50%.

Mouthwash formulations for intensive cleaning of the oral cavity and according to the invention effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in the mouth (or in inhibiting the growth of bacteria responsible for such infections) include an active ingredient containing a phenolic compound of general formula I, preferably a highly purified form (i.e. 98.0 % or higher) purity, more preferably 98.5% to 99.0%) and one or more basic ingredients commonly used in mouthwash formulations.

Examples of base ingredients include (a) sorbitol; (b) polyethylene glycol (eg PEG 6) as carrier and surfactant; (c) polysorbate (surfactant); (d) water (diluent); and (e) flavoring agents (eg, sucralose). A preferred formulation contains (a) from about 15% to about 25% sorbitol, (b) from about 10% to about 20% polyethylene glycol, (c) from about 2.5% to about 7.5% polysorbate 20, (d) from about 2.5% to about 15% d-limonene, (e) from about 45% to about 65% water, (f) from about 0.2% to about 0.5% sucralose, and from about 1.0% to 2.0% Belwood Wintergreen. Administration of the mouthwash according to the invention is similar to conventional mouthwashes (ie about 30 ml placed in the mouth and about 30 seconds before spitting); however, the dose administered and the time in the mouth may vary as needed.

Foams are applied from pressure vessels and are liquid oil-in-water emulsions in aerosol form, with halogenated hydrocarbons, such as polyhalogenated alkanes, e.g. dichlorofluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or preferably non-halogenated gaseous hydrocarbons, air, N2O or carbon dioxide, used as propellant gases. The oil phases used are the same as for ointments and creams and the additives mentioned there are also used.

Tinctures and solutions usually contain a water-ethanol base to which humectants are mixed to reduce evaporation, such as polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol, glycols and/or polyethylene glycol, and lubricants such as esters of fatty acids and lower polyethylene glycols, i.e. lipophilic soluble substances in an aqueous mixture replacing fatty substances removed from the skin with ethanol and, if necessary, also other excipients and additives.

The present invention further provides veterinary preparations containing at least one active ingredient together with a veterinary carrier. Veterinary carriers are materials for the application of the preparation and can be solid, liquid or gaseous substances that are inert or acceptable in veterinary medicine and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary preparations may be administered orally, parenterally or by any other route desired.

The invention also relates to processes or methods for treating the diseases mentioned above. Substances can be administered prophylactically or therapeutically as such or in the form of pharmaceutical preparations, preferably in an amount that is effective against the mentioned diseases, while in warm-blooded animals, e.g. humans, requiring such treatment, the substance is used mainly in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation. A daily dose of about 0.1 to 5 g, preferably 0.5 to 2 g, is applied to a body weight of around 70 kg.

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Examples of implementation of the invention

The following examples serve to demonstrate the invention and in no way document the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages and quantities refer to the weights of the substances in question.

The starting substances can be obtained from commercial sources (Sigma, Aldrich, Fluka, Merck, etc.) or can be prepared by known procedures.

Thin layer chromatography was performed on Silica 60 F254 plates (Merck) using CHCb/MeOH as the mobile phase. Spots corresponding to individual substances were detected using UV radiation (254 and 365 nm) or with a solution containing 6% vanillin in absolute EtOH with 1% H2SO4. Purification by column chromatography was performed on Davisil 40-63 micron sorbent (Grace Davision). Elemental analysis was performed using a Flash EA 1112 analyzer (Thermo Scientific).

The chromatographic purity and molecular weight of the prepared substances were determined using an Alliance 2695 (Waters) separation module connected in parallel with a PDA 996 DAD detector (Waters) and a Q-Tof micro (Waters) benchtop quadrupole with orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. The samples were dissolved in DMSO and subsequently diluted to a concentration of 10 μg/ml directly in the mixture of liquids used as the initial mobile phase. Samples (10 μl) were then injected onto a RP-column (reversed phase column) Symmetry C18 (150 mm x 2.1 mm x 3.5 pm, Waters) and separated at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min with the following binary gradient: 0 min, 10% B ; 0-24 min, linear gradient to 90% B, followed by 10 min isocratic elution with 90% B. After completion of the gradient, the column was re-equilibrated to the original conditions. A 15 mM formic acid solution was adjusted to pH 4.0 with ammonium hydroxide, and this mixture was used as solution (A); methanol was used to dissolve the organic component (solvent B). The eluent was prepared in a DAD (scan range 210-400 nm, with 1.2 nm resolution) and an ESI source (source temperature 110 °C, capillary voltage +3.0 kV, tip voltage +20 V, desolvation temperature 250 ° C). Nitrogen was used as desolvation gas (500 L/h) and tip gas (50 L/h). The measured data were obtained in positive (ESI+) ionization mode and range 50-1000 m/z.

Ή and ¹³ C NMR spectra were measured on a Jeol ECA-500 spectrometer operating at a frequency of 500 MHz (1H) and 126 MHz (13C) or on a Jeol ECA400II instrument operating at a frequency of 400 MHz (1H) and 101 MHz ( ¹³ C). Samples were prepared by dissolving substances in chloroform-d or DMSOde. Chemical shifts are given in ppm and were calibrated (a) in the case of Ή NMR experiments against the non-deuterated solvent residual peak δ (CHCk) = 7.26 ppm; δ (DMSO) = 2.50 ppm and (b) in the case of ¹³ C NMR experiments on the mean peak of ^{the 13} C signal in the deuterated solvent δ (CDCU) = 77.2 ppm; δ (DMSO-day) = 39.5 ppm.

All microwave irradiation experiments were performed in a CEM-Discover single-mode microwave instrument. The reactor was used in a standard configuration identical to that on delivery, including installed software. The reactions were carried out in 30 ml glass vials closed with a silicone/PTFE cap that can be exposed to a maximum of 250 °C and an internal pressure of 20 bar. The temperature was measured by an IR sensor on the outer surface of the reaction vessel. After the end of the irradiation, the reaction vessel was cooled to ambient temperature by a cold air stream.

General method of preparation of aldehydes

This protocol was used when a commercially unavailable aldehyde was used in the preparation of target compounds with general structure I.

Synthesis of (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde

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A solution of methyl (£)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate (3.3g, 13.49 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in dry CH2Cl2 (27 mL, 0.5M) was cooled to 0 °C and DIBAL-H (33.7 mL, 33.7 mmol, 2.5 equiv; 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min and then the cooling bath was removed. After 1 h of stirring at RT, the reaction mixture was again cooled to 0 °C and stirred at 0 °C for another 15 min. An aqueous saturated solution of Rochelle salt (10 mL) was added dropwise (termination of the reaction) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for another 13 h (the milky suspension gradually turned into a clear biphasic solution). The resulting phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3x75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated on a rotary vacuum evaporator (RVO) under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (SIO2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 2:1) to give the expected product (£)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-l-ol (2.60g, 98%) in the form of a colorless crystalline substance. Mp = 76-77 °C Ή NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 6.97-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (dt,J = 15.9, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (dd, J = 6.1, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H). ¹³ C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 149.2, 149.1, 131.4, 129.9, 126.7, 119.9, 111.3, 109.0, 64.1, 56.1, 56.0.

A solution of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (1.00 g, 5.1 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) was slowly added via syringe to a mixture of pyridinium dichromate (PDC, 3.86 g, 10.3 mmol, 2.0 equiv) in CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After this time, methanol (0.5 mL) was added and the entire mixture was filtered through a small layer of silica gel (filtration). The filter cake was washed with EtOAc (300 mL). The organic solvents were removed by RVO and the crude aldehyde was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; nhexamEtOAc = 4:1) to give (£)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (690mg, 70%) as a viscous oil . ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 193 (100) [M+H] ⁺ , 210 (26) [M+NH4] ⁺ . 'HNMR (500 MHz, CDCh) δ (ppm): 9.66 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.08 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (dd, J = 15.9, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H). ¹³ CNMR(126 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ (ppm): 193.8, 153.1, 152.1, 149.5, 127.2, 126.9, 123.6, 111.3, 110.0, 56.2, 56.1.

General preparation of dialkyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediates (dialkyl derivatives of L-malic acid)

Dimethyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate

A solution of L-malic acid (10.0 g, 74.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in MeOH (250 mL) was cooled to 0 °C, and acetyl chloride (13.3 mL, 0.186 mol, 2.5 equiv) was added over 1 h. The resulting mixture was stirred for 48 h at RT. After this time, all volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 2:1) to give dimethyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate (11.4 g, 94%) as a colorless oil. [α]ϋ ²³¹ = - 10.2 (c = 2.1, EtOH); ESL-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 163 (45) [M+H] ⁺ , 180 (12) [M+NH ₄ ] ⁺ ; 'HNMR (500 MHz, CDCh) δ (ppm):

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4.54-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.82 (qd, J = 16.5, 5.2 Hz, 2H); ¹³ CNMR (126 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ (ppm): 173.8, 171.1, 67.3, 62.1 , 61.0, 38.7, 15.2, 14.1.

Diethyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate

A solution of L-malic acid (10.0 g, 74.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in EtOH (250 mL) was stirred at RT and SOCl2 (100 µL, 0.75 mmol, 0.01 equiv) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was refluxed for 23 h, then cooled to RT and the solvents evaporated using RVO. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 2:1) to give the target diethyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate (13.0 g, 92%) as a colorless oil. [α]η ^{23 0} = - 14.2 (c = 4.8, acetone); ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 191 (39) [M+H] ⁺ , 208 (23) [M+NH4] ⁺ ; 'HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 4.46 (dd, J= 6.0, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 4.32 - 4.19 (m, 4H), 3.19 (s, 1H), 2.80 (qd, J = 16.3 , 5.2 Hz, 4H), 1.30 - 1.23 (m, 6H); ¹³ C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ (ppm): 173.4, 170.6, 67.3, 62.1, 61.0, 38.7, 15.2, 14.2.

Diisopropyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate

A solution of L-malic acid (10.0 g, 74.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in zPrOH (250 mL) was stirred at RT and SOCl2 (100 µL, 0.75 mmol, 0.01 equiv) was added. The resulting solution was subsequently refluxed for 24h, cooled to RT and volatile solvents were removed with RVO. The resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 2:1) to give the target diisopropyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate (16.3 g, 87%) as a colorless oil. [α]ο ^{23 0} = - 10.5 (c = 2.5, MeOH); ESL-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 219 (61) [M+H] ⁺ , 236 (36) [M+NH4] ⁺ ; Ή NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 5.14 - 4.97 (m, 2H), 4.44 - 4.40 (m, 1H), 2.84 - 2.68 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.05 (m, 12H); ¹³ CNMR (126 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ (ppm): 173.1, 170.0, 69.9, 68.3, 67.4, 39.0, 21.2.

Example 1 Methyl (2E,4E)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate (compound 5 in Table 1)

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toluene, pW

i- HO ₇ C^,CO ₂ H piperide in/py ridine

2. AcCl, MeOH

Method A: A suspension of (£)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (0.741 g, 5.00 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and stabilized Wittig ylide (1.84 g, 5.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in toluene (5.0 mL, 1.0 M) was placed in a microwave vial (35 mL) equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The vial was sealed with a Silicon/PTFE stopper and placed in the CEM Discover reactor. The resulting mixture was subsequently irradiated (300 W) for 10 minutes (fixed time) at 150°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to RT and transferred to a round bottom flask. Toluene was subsequently evaporated using RVO and the residue (2.0 g) was subsequently purified using column chromatography (SiCL; nhexamEtOAc = 4:1 ->2:1) to give 0.92 g (90%; purity 98%) of the target product. Yellow solid, chemical formula: C12H12O3, yield (%): 90, E,E/E,Z= 95:1.

Method B: A solution of (£)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (5.0 g, 33.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and malonic acid (5.27 g, 50.6 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in pyridine (10 mL, 3.5M) was stirred at RT for 5 min. Piperidine (0.58 mL, 5.1 mmol, 0.15 equiv) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 85°C in a Schlenck vessel for 8.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT and the Schlenk flask was carefully opened and its contents poured onto an ice/water mixture (100g/150 mL, placed in a 500 mL beaker). The resulting mixture was vigorously stirred and the target carboxylic acid gradually began to crystallize. After melting the ice, the precipitated carboxylic acid was filtered off and dried under vacuum at 30°C to give the acid (3.97 g, 62%) as yellow crystals. The acid (3.97 g, 20.9 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was then dissolved in methanol (21 mL, LOM) and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 °C. Acetyl chloride (1.22 mL, 17.24 mmol, 0.8 equiv) was added dropwise and the entire reaction mixture was allowed to stir at RT for 12 h. The volatile components of the solution were evaporated at RVO. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 4:1 ->2:1) to give the target product 1 as a white-yellow crystalline substance (4.6 g, 56% over two steps). Yellowish solid, chemical formula: C12H12O3, yield over two steps (%): 56, Ε,Ε/Ε,Ζ = 90:1. Mp = 170-171 °C; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 18.2, 99.2; ESL-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 205 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); 'HNMR (400 MHz, Chloroformd) δ (ppm): 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 5.93 (d, J= 15.1 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J= 10.9, 15.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 ( d, J= 15.4 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (dd, J= 10.9, 15.1 Hz, 1H); ^By CNMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (ppm): 53.5 (OCH3), 114.2 (2xC), 120.0, 124.1, 128.6 (2xC), 128.8, 140.0, 144.9, 159.3, 167.2.

Example 2 Methyl (2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoate (compound 1 in Table 1)

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Prepared according to Example 1.

Viscous liquid, chemical formula: C12H12O2, yield (%): Method A: 93, E,E/E,Z= 88:1; Method B: 39, E,E/E,Z = 90:1. Mp = 69-70°C; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 29.6, 98.8; ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 189 (100, [M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for CnHnNaCV) 211.0730, found 211.0728; 'HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 7.49-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.00; (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H); ¹³ CNMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 167.5, 144.8, 140.6, 136.0, 129.1, 128.8, 127.2, 126.2, 120.8, 51.6.

Example 3 Dimethyl (S)-2-(((2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate (compound 2 in Table 1)

A solution of (£)-cinnamaldehyde (3.44 g, 26 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and malonic acid (4.06 g, 39 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in pyridine (7.5 mL, 3.5 M) was stirred at RT for 5 min. Piperidine (0.44 mL, 3.9 mmol, 0.15 equiv) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 85 °C in a Schlenck vessel for 8.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT and the Schlenk flask was carefully opened and its contents poured onto an ice/water mixture (100g/150 mL, placed in a 500 mL beaker). The resulting mixture was stirred vigorously and the target carboxylic acid gradually began to crystallize. After melting the ice, the precipitated carboxylic acid was filtered off with suction and dried under vacuum at 30°C to give the given acid (3.58 g, 79%) as yellowish crystals. The acid (3.58 g, 20.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and dimethyl (S)-2-hydroxybutanediate (3.33 g, 20.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) were transferred to a reaction flask and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (7.95 g, 51.25 mmol, 2.5 equiv) followed by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (6.92 g, 51.25 mmol, 2.5 equiv) in THF (250 mL) were gradually added and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 72 h at RT. After this time, the volatile solvents were removed by RVO and the resulting slurry was partitioned between CH2Cl2 (500 mL) and 1.0 M aq. HCl (300 mL). The resulting phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with aq. NaHCO ₃ (250 mL), brine (250 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvents were evaporated using RVO. The resulting mixture was purified by column chromatography (S1O2; n-hexane:EtOAc = 10:1>4:1) to give dimethyl (.S')-2-(((2£,4£)-5-fcnylpcnta- 2,4-Dicnoyloxy)siliconate 2 in the form of a viscous oil. Viscous oil, chemical formula: CnHisOe, yield (%): 38, Ε,Ε/Έ,Ζ = 93:1. HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 29.8, 98.3; ESU-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 319 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for CnHisNNaOe ⁴ ) 341.0996, found 341.0999; [α]o ²³¹ = + 8.7° (c = 1.05, CH 2 Cl 2 ); Ή NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.49-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.01 (d, J= 16.0 Hz, 1H ), 5.62 (dd, J = 7.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H); ¹³ C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 169.8, 169.5, 165.9, 149.8, 146.6, 134.2, 130.7, 129.0, 128.4, 116.8, 111.2, 68.4, 52.9, 52.3, 36.2.

Example 4 Diethyl (S)-2-(((2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate (compound 3 in Table 1)

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CO ₂ Eth

CO ₂ Eth

Prepared according to Example 3.

Viscous liquid, chemical formula: C19H22O6, yield (%): 41, E,E/E,Z = 89:1; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 30.1, 98.4; ESI ⁺ -MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 347 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for Ci9H22NNaO6 ⁺ ) 369.1309, found 369.1315; [α]D ^{23 c =} + 9.1° (c = 1.11, CH 2 Cl 2 ); 'HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 7.49-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.23 (d, J = 15.0 Hz, 1H ), 5.59 (dd, J = 6.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (qd, J=7.1, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (qd, J = ΊΛ, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.00 - 2.90 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³ CNMR(101 MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 169.9, 169.3, 165.8, 149.7, 146.1, 134.3, 130.8, 129.1, 128.2, 116.7, 111.6, 68.6, 68.4, 68.1, 36.3, 1 5.2, 15.1.

Example 5 Diisopropyl (S)-2-(((2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyl)oxy)succinate (compound 4 in Table 1)

^CO ₂ iPr

O ^< ^'CO ₂ fPr

Prepared according to Example 3.

Viscous liquid, chemical formula: C21H26O6, yield (%): 26, Ε,Ε/Ε,Ζ = 90:1. HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 33.2, 99.0; ESU-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 375 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for C2iH26NNaO6 ⁺ ) 397.1622, found 397.1622; [α]D ²³ ° ^c = + 1.9 ° (c = 1.01, CH 2 Cl 2 ); 'HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 7.68-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.29 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.48 (d, J= 15.3 Hz, 1H ), 5.54 (dd, J = 6.7, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.10 - 5.04 (m, 2H), 2.93 - 2.86 (m, 2H), 1.24 (dd, J = 11.5, 5.3 Hz, 12H); ¹³ C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 168.8, 168.6, 165.9, 146.2, 134.3, 130.6, 129.1, 128.3, 117.0, 116.7, 112.6, 69.7, 68.8, 68.5, 36.8, 2 1.6, 21.3.

Example 6 Methyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate (compound 11 in Table 1)

Prepared according to Example 1.

Yellow solid, chemical formula: C14H16O4, yield (%): Method A: 89, E,E/E,Z = 89:1; Method B: 42, E,E/E,Z= 92:1. Mp = 73-74°C; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 25.7, 98.9; ESU-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 249 (100, [M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for CuHieNaCLý) 271.0941, found 271.0941; 'HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 7.60-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.10-6.60 (m, 4H), 5.94 (d, 1H, J= 15.0 Hz), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H); ¹³ C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 167.2, 149.1, 144.8, 140.3, 129.1, 124.3, 121.2, 120.1, 111.0, 108.9, 55.8, 55.7, 53.2.

Example 7 Ethyl (2E,4E)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoate (compound 17 in Table 1)

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Prepared according to Example 1.

Orange solid, chemical formula: C16H20O5, yield (%): Method A: 78, E,E/E,Z = 90:1; Method B: 39, E,E/E,Z = 91:1. Mp = 121-122 °C; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 27.3, 98.5; ESP-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 293 (100, [M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for Ci6H2oNaOs ⁺ ) 315.1208, found 315.1209; 'HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 7.43 (ddd, 1H, J = 15.2, 8.6, 1.7 Hz), 6.85-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 2H), 5.98 (d, 1H , J= 15.1 Hz), 4.23 (q, 2H, J= 7.2 Hz), 3.90 (s, 6H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 1.32 (t, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz); ¹³ CNMR(101 MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 167.1, 153.4, 144.4, 140.3, 139.2, 131.7, 125.7, 121.0, 104.3,61.0, 60.3,56.1, 14.3.

Example 8 Methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienoate (compound 20 in Table 1)

Prepared according to Example 1.

Viscous oil, chemical formula: C15H16O3, yield (%); Method A: 54, Ε,Ε,Ε/Ε,Ε,Ζ = 78:1; Method B: 21, Ε,Ε,Ε/Ε,Ε,Ζ = 90:1. HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %); 26.4, 98.1; ESP-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 245 (100, [M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for Ci5Hi6NaO3 ⁺ ) 267.0997, found 267.0996; Ή NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.40 - 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.37 (dd, J= 15.3, 11.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 - 6.84 (m, 2H), 6.82 - 6.62 (m , 3H), 6.48 - 6.32 (m, 1H), 5.89 (d, J= 15.3 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H); ¹³ CNMR (101 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ (ppm): 167.7, 160.0, 144.9, 141.4, 136.5, 129.5, 129.1, 128.2 (2xC), 125.9, 119.7, 114.3 (2xC), 55.3, 51.5.

Example 9 (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (compound 25 in

Table 1)

A solution of (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acylaldehyde (5.0 g, 26 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and malonic acid (4.06 g, 39 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in pyridine (7.5 mL, 3.5 M) was stirred at RT for 5 min. Piperidine (0.44 mL, 3.9 mmol, 0.15 equiv) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 85 °C in a Schlenck vessel for 8.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT and the Schlenk flask was carefully opened and its contents poured onto an ice/water mixture (100g/l50mL, placed in a 500mL beaker). The resulting mixture was vigorously stirred and the target carboxylic acid gradually began to crystallize. After melting the ice, the precipitated carboxylic acid was filtered off with suction and dried in vacuo at 30 °C to give the title acid (3.59 g, 59%) as yellow crystals, the acid (3.59 g, 15.3 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and diethylamine (1.52 mL, 15.3 mmol, 1.0 equiv) were added to the reaction mixture. Subsequently, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (5.94 g, 38.3 mmol, 2.5 equiv)

- 14 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 followed by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (5.17 g, 38.3 mmol, 2.5 equiv) were dissolved in THF (160 mL) and the resulting mixture was then vigorously stirred at RT for 48 h. The solvents were evaporated at RVO, and the resulting reaction mixture was partitioned between CH2Cl2 (500 mL) and 1.0 M aq. HCl (250 mL). The resulting phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with sat. aq. NaHCO ₃ (200 mL), brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvents evaporated at RVO. The resulting residue was then purified by column chromatography (S1O2; CHCl ₃ /MeOH = 100:1->50:1) to give (2E',4E)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidine-1 -yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 21 as a yellow powder (4.25 g, 54% over two steps). Yellow solid, chemical formula: C18H23NO3, yield (%): 54, E,E/E,Z = 91:1. Mp = 115-116 °C; HPLC-UV/VIS retention time, purity (min., %): 21.3, 98.6; ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 302 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for CisH2 ₃ NNaO ₃ ⁺ ) 324.1576, found 324.1577; 'HNMR (500 MHz, Chloroformd) δ (ppm): 1.57-1.65 (m, 6H), 3.57(broad s, 4H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 6.43 (d, 1H, J = 15.2 Hz), 6.71-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.81-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.00 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.44 (m, 1H); ¹³ CNMR (126 MHz, Chloroform-D) _ (PPM): 24.7, 26.3, 55.9, 56.0, 109.1, 111.2, 119.8, 120.8, 125.2, 129.7, 138.5, 142.7, 149.1, 149.8, 165.5.

Example 10 (2E,4E)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (compound in Table 1)

Prepared according to Example 9.

Pale yellow solid, chemical formula: C19H25NO4, yield (%): 42, Ε,Ε/Ε,Ζ = 88:1. Mp = 157159 °C; ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 332 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for CifeNNaOZ) 354.1681, found 354.1680; 'HNMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (ppm): 1.561.68 (m, 6H), 3.58 (broad s, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 6H), 6.48 (d, 1H, J= 15.2 Hz), 6.62 (s, 2H), 6.74-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.44 (m, 1H); ¹³ C NMR (126 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (ppm): 24.7, 26.3, 56.2, 61.0, 104.1, 120.7, 126.6, 132.2, 138.5, 138.8, 142.4, 153.5, 165.4.

Example 11 (2E,4E,6E)-7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one (compound 33 in Table 1)

O

Prepared according to Example 9.

Pale yellow solid, chemical formula: C19H23NO2, yield (%): 19, E,E,E/E,E,Z = 78:1. Mp = 130-132 °C; ESE-MS m/z (rel. int. %, ion): 298 (100, M+H] ⁺ ); HRMS (FAB): calcd (for Ci ₉ H ₂₃ NNaO ₂ ⁺ ) 320.1626, found 320.1627; 'HNMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (ppm): 1.561.65 (m, 6H), 3.55 (broad s, 4H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 6.34-6.42 (m, 2H), 6.61 - 6.74 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, 2H, 7=10.2 Hz), 7.29-741 (m, 3H); ¹³ C NMR (126 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ (ppm): 24.8, 26.2, 43.5, 46.8, 55.4, 114.2, 119.8, 126.3, 128.1, 129.8, 130.1, 135.3, 139.6, 142.6, 159.8, 165.5.

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Table 1. Examples of new phenylpropanoid derivatives

CHN

US

PhenT-lprcipBnoid Derivative}'

ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

Probe. R ^J R ^: R? R* Number 1 p-iC, 14H, 1ΐΝ] 1 [M+H]' CH=CHi' eat, , ] H H H Melto® 2 1 7M7. Ml, - । 189 2 H H dimethyl ¢5)- ¢2cpr·) Eucanate ¹ ί 64, 14.5.70, - i 319 3 H H H die Ltri-l £5)-(2- n®-} succinate ¹ i 65M 6.40, - i 34? ¹ ! Í7.36.7.00, - ! 375 4 H H H ΤίΙηορο^Γϊί A - (2 o®) sukdnat r H Hydro® H you H llEtbn®,· H Melto® 7 Hydra® Hydro®' ——jj—- MetEo® 2 1 ^5.5.5.5,- 1 ill 3 Metho® Hydro® H Melto® 2 1 ¢6.7, ML - 1,235 » Metho® Hydro® Hydro® Melto® 2 and BA 53,- ί 151 Clay Metho® Hyro® hÍEitbo®· Melto® 2 ί ¢3,6.6.1, - ί 265 11 Metho® MEtho® ..... IT TlieiEoi®· 2! th/,/. Article 249 i i 12 Metho®. ΜεΛο®· IdEttm® Melto® 2 i 64/.6.5,- i 279 'Metho® THycró® 'H—' --------ΤΗβϊΕΪ®-------- 2 1 6/j.M,- ! 249 M Etho® Id Eth η®’ H Melto® 2 1 ¢9,6.7.3,- i 27? ITĚtÉĎ®' ' - 11 - - ......'ΑΙβΤΓ-Ί®-·...... 2 1 71.5.7.3,- 1 3Ů3 ]« Metho®.· Hydro® Hydro® io-prapt®' 2 1 64.7. 6.5, - 1,279 ]7 Metho® ΜεΛο®· IdEttm® Etho® 2 | azj. 6.9,- | 293 ia Etho® IdEttin®’ ΜεΛο®· •i-biilo® 2 | 6S.L 7.3, - | 335 19 Hydro® Hydro® Η but-3 -en-1 - ir®· 2 ί 69.L6J,- ί 261 1 1 29 Η ΜεΛο®· Η Melto® 3 i 71X6.6, - i 245 'Metho® 'THycro®' Klěflří®·'' --------T0ěÍE5®-------- J 1 6Ů.LM,- ί 291 22 Metho® Hydro® Η Etho® 3 1 70.1. 6.6, - 1,275 23 Hydro® Hydro® Ή fcpropii® 3 1 70.1. M,- 1 i"5 24 Etho® ΜεΛο®' Η ADj-J-1 - o®- 3 1 72,6.7.1, - 1 315 25 Metho® ΚΓεϊο® -—ΊΓ— Pipendit-1-yl 2 ί ί 3U2 2« Metho® Id Etho®' Metho® Piperidite-1-y] 2 | 65,9.7.6,4,2 | 332 27 H Hydro® Η Piperidite-1-y] 2 ί 74.7.7.4,5,4 ί 25Έ '"'m..... 'Hydri®·' Hydro®” Η HpencrtT-yT..... 1 ! 7QL3.7.0.5.1 ΐ 2/4 i i ?9 Metho® Hydro® Η Etbydaminnyl 2 and 55,9,73,5,4; 262 1 1 3« Etho® Hydro® Methe® AlMariTninyl 2 1 ,'ιλίλ .υ,ΑΙ 1 344 31 Eino® Id Etho®' Etho® Jjoptopyliiiiiioy] 2 1 71.4.9X3.5 1,405 ...... .....ir..... ITěi6o®” - Ή - - HpeinÍit-l?yl 2 1 7ί.3.7,Β,5ί 1 i71 33 H ΜεΛο®· Η Piperidit-1-yl 3 1 76.7. 7,3.4,7 1,293 34 Metho® Id Etho® -—ΊΓ— Etbydaminnyl 3 1 7L4,S.fl,4,4 i 316 3rd Metho® Id Etho®' Methe® RthyW.innyl 3 1 69.5.7X4.1 | 346 M Etho® Hydo® Eito® Ethylnit®! 3 ί 7LL E,l, 3.9 ί 360

Example 12 In vitro cytotoxic activity of new derivatives on normal and tumor animal cells

Low cytotoxicity is essential for the use of these substances in agriculture. One of the parameters used as a basis for cytotoxic analysis is the metabolic activity of viable cells.

For example, microtiter analysis using Calcein AM is widespread today as a method for quantifying cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. This test is used in drug screening programs and chemosensitivity tests. The test detects only viable cells. The amount of reduced Calcein AM corresponds to the number of viable cells in the culture.

- 16CZ 2022 - 5 A3

BJ (human foreskin fibroblasts), G361 (human malignant melanoma) and K562 (human bone marrow chronic myeloid leukemia) cell lines were used for routine compound screening. Cells were maintained in Nunc/Corning 80 cm ² plastic culture flasks and cultured in cell culture medium (DMEM with 5 g/L glucose, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 x g/ml streptomycin, 10% fetal calf serum, and sodium bicarbonate).

Cell suspensions were prepared and diluted according to cell type and expected final cell density (2,500-30,000 cells per well based on cell growth characteristics), 80 μl of cell suspension was pipetted into 96-well microtitre plates. The inoculums were stabilized by pre-incubation for 24 hours at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. Individual concentrations of the tested substances were added at time zero as a 20 μl aliquot to the wells of the microtitre plates. Typically, compounds were diluted to six concentrations in a fourfold dilution series. During routine testing, the highest concentration in the well was 166.7 μM, changes in this concentration depend on the substance in question. All concentrations were tested in triplicate. Incubation of the cells with the tested derivatives lasted 72 hours at 37 °C, 100% humidity and in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. At the end of the incubation period, the cells were analyzed after the addition of Calcein AM solution (Molecular Probes) and the incubation continued for another 1 hour. Fluorescence (FD) was measured using a Labsystem FIA reader Fluorskan Ascent (Microsystems). Tumor cell survival (TCS) was calculated according to the following relationship: IC50=(FDwell with derivative /FDcontrol well) x 100%. The IC50 value, which corresponds to the concentration of the substance when 50% of the tumor cells are killed, was calculated from the obtained dose curves (Tab. 2).

Zero cytotoxicity is a basic prerequisite for the use of these substances in cosmetic applications. To evaluate the antitumor activity, the toxicity of the new derivatives was tested on panels containing cell lines of different histogenetic and species origin (Tab. 2). We show here that the same activities were found in all tumor cell lines tested, as well as in non-malignant cells, eg BJ fibroblasts. As shown in Table 2, the IC50 for cancer cell lines as well as BJ fibroblasts was always greater than 50 μM. The new derivatives show no toxicity towards normal and tumor cells at concentrations around 50 μM and are therefore very suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Table 2: Cytotoxicity of new compounds for different tested normal and cancer cell lines/IC50 (μmol/l)

Compound CEM BJ MCF7 G-361 1 >50 >50 >50 >50 2 >50 >50 >50 >50 3 >50 >50 >50 >50 8 >50 >50 >50 >50 12 >50 >50 >50 >50 16 >50 >50 >50 >50 18 >50 >50 >50 >50 21 >50 >50 >50 >50 25 >50 >50 >50 >50 26 >50 >50 >50 >50 29 >50 >50 >50 >50 33 >50 >50 >50 >50 34 >50 >50 >50 >50

Example 13 Anti-inflammatory activity

One of the important parameters of specific cellular immunity is the response of lymphocytes to antigens or polyclonal mitogens. Most normal mammalian peripheral lymphocytes are in the quiescent phase of the cell cycle. Both antigens and non-specific polyclonal mitogens have the ability to activate

- 17 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 lymphoid cells, which is accompanied by dramatic changes in intracellular metabolism (mitochondrial activity, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, blast formation and cell proliferation). Compounds that are able to selectively inhibit lymphocyte proliferation are potential immunosuppressants. A number of in vitro assays have been developed to measure the proliferative response of lymphocytes. The most commonly used method is the incorporation of ³ H-thymidine.

During cell proliferation, DNA replication first occurs, then the cell is divided into two daughter cells. This close relationship between cell duplication and DNA synthesis provides an opportunity to evaluate the intensity of cell proliferation. When labeled DNA precursors are added to a cell culture, dividing cells incorporate the labeled nucleotides into their DNA. These tests usually require the use of radiolabeled nucleotides, specifically tritiated thymidine ( [ ³ H]-TdR). The amount of [ ³ H]-TdR incorporated into cellular DNA is quantified using a scintillation counter.

Human heparinized peripheral blood was obtained from healthy volunteers by puncture from the cubital vein. Blood was diluted in PBS (1:3) and mononuclear cells were separated by centrifugation in a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient (Pharmacia, 1.077 g/ml) at 2200 g for 30 min. During subsequent centrifugation, lymphocytes were washed in PBS, then resuspended in cell culture medium (RPMI 1640, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 10% fetal calf serum, and sodium bicarbonate).

Cells were diluted to a target density of 1,100,000 cells/ml and pipetted (180 μl) into 96-well microtitre plates. Test substances were added to the cell suspensions at fourfold dilution in 20 μl aliquots/well at time zero. Typically, the tested compounds were evaluated at six concentrations with the highest tested concentration being 266.7 μM. Individual concentrations of derivatives were tested in duplicate. Lymphocytes in all wells except unstimulated controls were activated by addition of 50 μl of concanavalin A (25 μg/ml). Cell suspensions were further incubated for 72 hours at 37°C and 100% humidity in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. At the end of incubation, cells were analyzed by [ ³ H]-TdR:

Cells were incubated with 0.5 μCi (20 μL of 500 μCi/mL stock solution) per well for 6 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. In the next step, an automated cell harvester was used to lyse the cells in water and adsorb the DNA onto a glass fiber filter the size of a microtiter panel. DNA with [ ³ H]-TdR incorporated is retained on the filter while unincorporated material passes through the filter. Filters were dried at room temperature overnight, sealed in plastic bags with 1012 ml of scintillation fluid. The amount of [ ³ H]-TdR present on each filter was determined by scintillation counting. The effective immunosuppressive dose (ED) was calculated according to the following formula: ED (CCPIM well with test derivative / mean CCPM control well) x 100%. The ED50 value, which is the concentration of the substance inhibiting the proliferation of 50% of lymphocytes, was calculated from the dose curves.

To evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of new phenolic compounds, their ability to inhibit polyclonal mitogen-stimulated proliferation of normal human lymphocytes was analyzed (Tab. 3). Our results show that these compounds have a minimal effect on ³ H-thymidine incorporation in resting (unstimulated) lymphocytes, but they effectively inhibit the proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. The effective immunosuppressive dose of the new derivatives under in vitro conditions was in the range of 1 - 20 μM.

- 18 CZ 2022 - 5 A3

Table 3: Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds according to the invention

Compound no. Human lymphocytes ED50 (μM) Sour. kumarova > 20.0 1 1.7 2 3.6 3 5.4 8 7.4 12 8.5 16 6.2 18 6.5 21 4.3 24 5.1 25 2.6 26 1.9 29 2.4 33 3.6 34 1.8

Example 14 Free radical scavenging capacity determined by the ORAC method

The ability to absorb free radicals in vitro was determined by the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) method. Briefly, fluorescein (100 µl, 500 mM) and 25 µl of test substance solution were added to each well of a 96-well microtiter plate preincubated at 37 °C. Subsequently, 25 µL of 250 mM AAPH was rapidly added, the plate was shaken for 5 s, and the fluorescence (Ex. 485 nm, Em. 510 nm) was read every 3 min for 90 min using an Infinite 200 fluorimeter (TECAN, Switzerland). The so-called NAUC (Net Area Under Curve) was used to express the antioxidant activity relative to the trolox standard. Substances with a value greater than 1 are more effective than trolox, which is the hydrophilic equivalent of vitamin E.

Compound ORAC (substance/trolox) Sour. kumarova 6.2±0.3* 1 0.059±0.001* 2 0.063±0.010 3 0.083±0.008 8 0.067±0.010 16 0.061±0.007 25 0.077±0.009 29 0.082±0.018

*Mean ± SD (n=3)

Example 15 Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2

The ability of substances to activate Nrf2-dependent expression was determined using the EpRE-LUX reporter line. Briefly, substances in concentrations of 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μΜ were incubated for 24 h with cells. Cells were lysed (10 mM Tris, 2 mM DTT) and buffer containing 0.2 mM luciferin was added to initiate the luminescence reaction. Luminescence increase was measured with an Infinite M200 luminometer (TECAN). Agents with an Nrf2 value greater than 1 are more effective than dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a potent Nrf2 activator approved for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.

- 19 CZ 2022 - 5 A3

Compound Nrf2 (compound/DMF) Sour. kumarova 0.24±0.02* 1 1.7 ± 0.46* 2 0.57 ± 0.38 3 0.61 ± 0.36 8 0.99 ± 0.16 16 1.62 ± 0.30 25 1.04 ± 0.34 29 1.18 ± 0.28

*Mean ± SD (n=3)

Example 16 Antimicrobial activity

The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized substances was determined by the standard dilution micromethod. Disposable microtitre plates were used to perform the assay. Substances (10 mM) were diluted 50-fold into Brain heart infusion to reduce the DMSO concentration below 2%, a concentration that does not affect bacterial growth. This was followed by another dilution (2 to 512 times) of Breath heart infusion broth inoculated with tested bacteria/yeasts/fungi at a concentration of 105 to 106 CFU mL ^-1 . Tested substance concentrations were 10 to 2000 μΜ. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria, yeast and mold was read after 48 hours of incubation at 30°C.

Table 4: Antimicrobial activity of substances against dental pathogens expressed as MIC (μM)

Pathogen 1 2 16 Streptococcus mitis CCM 7411 n.s. n.s. 125 Streptococcus mutans CCM 7409 62.5 62.5 250 Streptococcus sanguinis CCM 4047 500 n.s. 125 Lactobacillus acidophilus CCM 4833 n.s. n.s. 500 Actinomyces odontolyticus CCM 4740 125 250 125 Peptostrepococcus anaerobius CCM 3790 n.s. 125 n.s.

n.s. = not determined

Table 5: Antimicrobial activity of substances against common pathogens expressed as MIC (μM)

Pathogen 1 2 25 Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953 n.s. n.s. 125 Staphylococcus epidermidis CCM 7221 n.s. n.s. 250 Enterococcus faecalis CCM 4224 n.s. n.s. 125 Listeria monocytogenes CCM 4699 n.s. n.s. 500 Bacillus cereus CCM 2010 125 31 125 Escherichia coli CCM 3954 n.s. n.s. 500 Clostridium perfringens CCM 5744 n.s. n.s. 125 Fusobacterium simiae CCM 3660 n.s. n.s. 250 Candida albicans ATCC 90028 n.s. n.s. 500 Aspergillus niger CCM 8189 n.s. n.s. 500

Example 17 Ames Test

The test substance (1, 2, 12, 21) was tested for mutagenicity by bacterial reverse mutation test. The execution of the test was based on the EU B.13/14 Mutagenicity - Reverse mutation method

- 20 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 test using bacteria, which is an analogue of the OECD Test Guideline No. 471. Four indicators of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 were used and one Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strain was also used. The test substance was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and was tested at doses of 10 to 1000 pg per plate, which was applied to the plates in a volume of 0.1 ml. Experiments were performed with metabolic activation with rat liver supernatant and cofactor mixture as well as without metabolic activation. The work procedure was carried out according to the documents Method B. 13 / 14, Mutagenicity - Reverse mutation test using bacteria, Council Regulation (EC) No.440/2008. Published in O. J. L 142, 2008 and according to the methodology of OECD Test Guideline 471, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. Adopted July 21, 1997. When tested in the above configuration, each test substance was shown to be non-mutagenic for all metabolically activated as well as non-metabolically activated test strains used.

Example 18 Formulation of mouthwash

The mouthwash formulation was made by combining the following ingredients (in % by weight):

Polyol 20.0% PEG 6 / Ultra PEG 300 15.0% Polysorbate 20 5.0% A compound of formula I 5.0% Water 52.7% Sucralose 0.30% Belwood Wintergreen 2.0%

Example 19 Toothpaste formulation

A preferred toothpaste formulation contains from about 15% to about 35% sorbitol; from about 15% to about 30% silica gel (eg ZEODENT 113 and ZEODENT 165), from about 10% to about 20% water; from about 5% to about 15% glycerin, from about 2% to about 7% surfactant (e.g., Polysorbate 20), from about 1% to about 2% flavoring agent (including sodium saccharin), from about 0.5% up to about 1.5% titanium dioxide, from about 0.5% to about 1.5% binder (e.g. CEKOL 2000 gum), from about 0.05% to about 0.15% preservative (e.g. sodium benzoate) , from about 0.25% to about 1.75% pure calcium, and from about 0.10% to about 1.75% magnesium phosphate. Further, the formulation may contain from about 10% to about 40% d-limonene (98.0% or higher purity, more preferably 98.5%-99.0%). The indicated % are wt. %.

A) An example toothpaste formulation was made by combining the following ingredients:

25.00% polyol (sorbitol)

20.00% Zeodent 113 (absive silica)

0.20% phenolic derivative (compound 1, purity at least 99.5%)

33.19% water

10.00% Glycerin Natural

5.00% polysorbate 20

2.70% Zeodent 165 (abrasive silicon dioxide)

1.00% Flavor 484 (Walmart Brand)

1.00% titanium dioxide

1.00% CMC 9M31XF / Cekol 2000 (binder rubber)

0.45% calcium

0.25% saccharin

0.11% magnesium phosphate

0.10% sodium benzoate

The previous ingredients were combined as follows: Sodium saccharide and sodium benzoate were dissolved in water and set aside. Cecol and glycerin were combined and mixed simultaneously

- 21 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 of these two components, a polyol was added. A solution of sodium saccharin and sodium benzoate was then added to the Cecol/glycerin and polyol mixture. Zeodent 165 was then added to the mixture and mixed well, followed by Zeodent 113, which was again well mixed until the mixture was lump free. The titanium dioxide, polysorbate 20, and d-limonene were mixed into the mixture and stirred until the mixture was smooth. Finally, calcium and magnesium phosphate were added followed by flavoring (ie, flavor 484).

Example 20 Gel preparation

The ointment formulation was tested during a pilot clinical study with 4 volunteers with psoriasis, a skin disease. The ingredients are listed in grams per 100 g.

substance Content Substance 1 1.0 g Butylhydroxytoluene 0.2 g Butylparaben 0.2 g Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether 10.0 g Silica colloidalis anhydrica 5.0 g Propylene glycol laurate 83.6 g

A gel of this consistency can be additionally modified by adding silica, colloidalis anhydrica. Also, again, Transcutol P/Lauroglycol FCC transdermal system is expected to increase the effectiveness of substance 1. Silica colloidalis anhydrica is likely to slow the penetration of the active substance.

Example 21 Procedure for preparing skin ointment

The ingredients of the ointment are listed in grams per 200 g:

Substance Content Substance 1 2.0 g Butylhydroxytoluene 0.4 g Butylparaben 0.4 g Diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether 20.0 g Glycerol dibehenate 44.0 g Propylene glycol laurate 133.2 g

Recommended Action

Phase A: 2 g of substance 1 are dissolved in 20 g of Transcutol P with constant stirring at room temperature in a separate glass or stainless steel container. The dissolution process can be accelerated by heating the solution to a maximum temperature of 40°C.

Phase B: 0.4 g of Nipanox BHT and 0.4 g of Nipabutyl are dissolved under constant stirring in 133.2 g of Lauroglycol FCC at a temperature of approximately 70 °C, in another separate glass or stainless steel container. The clear oily solution is heated to a temperature of approximately 80°C and 44 g of Compritol 888 ATO is melted in it, with constant stirring. The clear oily solution is cooled to approx. 60 °C with constant stirring and

- 22 CZ 2022 - 5 A3 cooling and mixed with phase A. The resulting whitish ointment is divided into approximately 15 g portions and filled into pre-prepared plastic containers.

Example 22 Formulation of a preparation for local application to the skin

The product for topical application to the skin contains the following components by weight %:

Active Folder: Substance 1 0.1% Oil phase: Cetyl alcohol 5.0% 10 Glyceryl monostearate 15.0% Sorbitan monooleate 0.3% Polysorbate 80 USP 0.3% Aqueous phase: Methylcellulose 100 cps 1.0% Methylparaben 0.25% 15 Propylparaben 0.15% Purified water q.s. on 100%

Methylparaben and propylparaben are dissolved in hot water, and then methylcellulose is also dispersed in it. The mixture is then cooled to 60°C until the methylcellulose dissolves. The mixture is then heated to 72°C and added to the oil phase, which is heated to 70°C with constant stirring.

Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives of general formula 1 are added at a temperature of 35 °C and the resulting mixture is stirred until dispersion. This agent is applied to the skin at least daily until the desired reduction in skin damage is achieved.

Claims (9)

1. Phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I, (I) where R ¹ , R ² , R ³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, and C 1 -C 8 alkoxy; R ⁴ is selected from -OR ⁵ and -N(R ⁶ )(R ⁷ ); R ⁵ is selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, and -CH[(CH 2 )o-2(COO(C 1 -C 4 alkyl))][(CH ₂ )o-2(COO( C 1 -C 4 alkyl))]; R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, and C 2 -C 7 alkenyl, or R ⁶ and R ⁷ together form -(CFF^ e -), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 2. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1, where R ¹ , R ² , R ³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, methoxy and ethoxy, and/or R ⁵ is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, allyl, and -CH[(CH 2 )(COO(C 1 -C 4 alkyl))][(COO(C 1 -C 4 alkyl))], and/or R ⁶ and R ⁷ together form -(CH 2 ) 5 -. 3. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1 or 2 for use as medicine. 4. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1 or 2 for use in the treatment of diseases selected from psoriasis, scleroderma, GVHD, hypertrophic scar, NSF, periodontal diseases. 5. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1 or 2 for use in the prevention of dental caries. 6. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1 or 2 for use in inhibiting the growth of oral cavity microorganisms, inhibiting plaque formation on teeth and dental restorations, inhibiting inflammation of the oral mucosa, deodorizing the oral cavity and/or suppressing gingivitis. 7. Phenylpropanoid derivatives according to claim 1 or 2 for use to inhibit the growth or to kill bacteria, especially bacteria selected from the group containing Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Peptostrepococcus anaerobius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium peifringens, Fusobacterium simiae, Candida albicans, Aspergilus niger. 8. Pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that it contains one or more phenylpropanoid derivatives of general formula I according to claims 1 or 2 and at least one auxiliary substance. 9. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 8, characterized in that it is in the form of toothpaste or mouthwash.