CZ2017525A3 - Equipment for improving the water quality at the drainage of the pond dam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the problem of improving the water quality at the drain from the pond dam (11) in the area of the safety spillway (6) to which the floating body (2) is fixed to the spillway (7), which is formed by at least two anchored side floats (8) to which waterproof side walls (12) fixed to the bottom (13) of the pond are fixed. As a result, the flow of water through the lateral sides into the floating body (2) is prevented. The side floats (8) are anchored to the spade (7) with their anchor end (9) and are directed away from the dam (11) with their free end (10). At least one artificial floating wetland (3) is arranged on the surface between the side floats (8), which serves to purify the water in the pond flowing out of the safety overflow (6) from the pond. The inlet (4) for supplying water from the pond to the floating body (2) lies between the free ends (10) of the side floats (8). The outlet (5) for draining water from the floating body (2) lies between the anchor ends (9) of the floats (8).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of water and fisheries, in particular to devices for improving the quality of water at the outlet of a pond dam.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, social pressure to improve water quality is increasing. Water quality indicators have been tightened, eg new Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. Supervision and control of state administration and non-governmental organizations with regard to water quality at the outflow from ponds is also stricter. For this reason, fishers are facing increasing pressure to limit their management. This fact may ultimately jeopardize the centuries-old tradition of fish farming in the Czech Republic. It is therefore desirable for the industry to apply every possibility to improve the quality of water run off from ponds, which will help maintain the current level of fish farming. In the event of an elevated water level, water can drain from the ponds despite the safety overflow. The safety spillway is an object of a hydraulic structure serving for the safe transfer of excess water and serves as a protection against spillway spillways and allows safe drainage of excess water across the dam, especially during floods. On some ponds, however, it serves to drain excess water from the pond all year round, ie permanently, especially for ponds with a historical type of discharge device - a pin, a shovel, which do not allow permanent partial water runoff and water level regulation in the pond. The safety spillway has a level lower than the dam's crown and must be situated so that it cannot clog in the event of a flood wave. The safety spillway is formed by a spillway, ie the inner space below the spillway edge. The safety spillway is usually a maintenance-free system where it is not possible to raise the highest spillway location and thus increase the overall level in the pond. Under the spillway there is always a water drain below the dam, which then drains the water into a pre-designed water drain.

It is generally known that wetland vegetation has the ability to improve water quality primarily through nutrient retention and mineralization of organic matter. This is due to the combination of biological, physical and chemical processes taking place primarily in the root system of plants. This property is used in various ways, eg as a vegetation root sewage treatment plant. In the world, however, artificial floating wetlands are also used for water purification. These are placed on the water surface of sedimentation or biological reservoirs. They are assembled into various formations that cover part or all of the water surface. Wetland vegetation helps to improve water quality. However, this arrangement is not applicable to fish ponds. The main point is that the ponds are much larger in the area of hectares, where it is necessary to take a number of measures and interventions with regard to fish farming. E.g. regular discharge and fishing of the pond may cause problems with the storage of artificial floating wetlands. Also, the water mass of the pond is moving freely and there is a continuous mixing of purified and untreated water, which distorts the efficiency and does not achieve the expected result. The known solutions, building artificial wetlands below the pond, require land that may not be available to the pond owner. Alternatively, the creation of an artificial wetland under the pond can be problematic for catchment reasons. Another disadvantage is higher purchase costs and the necessity of occasional cleaning in order to ensure long-term functioning. This requires a good approach for mechanization, such as a lorry or excavator, which is sometimes problematic, such as an unbearable terrain - a swamp.

Solutions are known which describe floating biological water purification devices which consist of a set of artificial floating wetlands ensuring the removal of pollutants from agriculture from the water by means of root systems of wetland plants. Such a device is described, for example, in KR 100949128, where wet-plant grates are placed in a solid, immobile block-shaped structure, perforated for the entry of contaminated water into the device. This construction requires adjustment of the pond terrain with respect to the current water level. Polluted water

- 1 GB 2017 - 525 A3 is usually supplied to the plant by means of a pump. In addition, the presence of a pump as a source of energy in channeling water into a trough represents a high cost of ownership and energy consumption. EP 2468088 discloses a similar device formed as a floating island made of a nonwoven web material comprising floats or floating blocks. On a floating island there are wetland plants for water purification. A pump is also connected to the device, either wind, solar or wave, to ensure water flow through the floating island. The purchase of this equipment represents a high cost mainly due to the presence of energy sources.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for improving the quality of water at the outflow of a pond dam which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks, which allows to improve the water quality in the pond with minimal investment costs. improve the water quality in the pond without the presence of energy inputs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks are overcome by an apparatus for improving the quality of water at the outlet of a pond dam according to the invention, which comprises a floating body with an artificial floating wetland and which is provided with an inlet for water inlet and outlet for water outflow. The device further comprises a safety spillway, to which the floating body is fixed, and which consists of at least two anchored side floats to which are fixed vertical waterproof side walls extending from the surface to the bottom of the pond. These side walls are provided with a weight or a load cord at their bottom to prevent water from entering the device from the sides and mixing of contaminated and already purified water. The side floats are fastened to the spillway with their anchoring end and are directed away from the dam by their free end, where at least one artificial floating wetland is arranged on the surface between the side floats. The inlet for water inlet from the pond into the floating body lies between the free ends of the side floats and the outlet for water outflow from the floating body lies between the anchor ends of the side floats. The floating body floats on the water surface, it should not have its own bottom and water is supplied to it only from the front part through the open water inlet. The side walls prevent water from entering the sides and short-circuit currents. The goal is for the water to flow under the floating body towards the safety spill by gravity without the presence of energy inputs.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one separating float is provided by the side floats, which is fastened to the fallout by its anchoring end and faces away from the dam with its free end, and divides the space between the side floats into separate cleaning segments in which the artificial floating wetlands. These segments can be further divided into smaller segments. Preferably, at least one fixation means is provided between the floats to define a cleaning chamber, i.e. a division of the cleaning segment, wherein the cleaning chamber serves to accommodate an artificial floating wetland that purifies the pond water. In a preferred embodiment, the fixing means comprises a system of guide steel cables.

In a preferred embodiment, a water inlet chamber is defined by the fixing means between the floats in the free end space, and a water outlet outlet chamber is defined by the fixing means in the anchor end space. The outlet chamber is formed in front of the safety overflow edge, where no artificial floating wetlands will be located any more, to ensure free drainage of purified water from the pond through the safety overflow spillway. This makes it possible to absorb water movements such as ripples, water level rise and fall, while maintaining the safety spillway in the pond. This arrangement operates gravitationally without the need for electrical power, which significantly reduces equipment cost.

The side floats and the divider floats are preferably arranged in a fan shape by their free ends. The number of floats is determined mainly by the width of the safety overflow and the amount of water flowing through.

-2GB 2017 - 525 A3

The size of individual cleaning segments will also be influenced by the type or size of grids used for the artificial floating wetland. The length of the floats is made in meters. The aim is that the structure of the floating body is compact and not too long for good stability on the water surface during wind and waves.

In a preferred arrangement, the fastening of the floats to the fallout is achieved by means of a fixing frame with fixed couplings. This ensures that the floating body is firmly attached to the safety spillway itself.

Preferably, each float is provided with at least two anchors to secure the floating body to the bottom of the pond and direct the water flow. Each float floats on the water surface, and the water masses outside and inside the floating body help to maintain its proper shape. In order to avoid undesirable spontaneous migration of the floating body along the water surface, it is necessary to fix the individual floats with several anchors. Anchoring is particularly important at the inlet for the water inlet, ie in the area of the free ends of the floats and at the outlet for the water outlet, ie at the edge of the safety overflow in the area of the anchoring ends of the floats. Functional control will be possible by means of a lightweight mobile footbridge placed across the cleaning segments. Operation of the equipment will also be possible by boat.

The artificial floating wetland is preferably a grate for rooting wetland plants and wetland plants of the group: sedge (Carex sp.), Reed (Phragmites australis), crunch (Schoenplectus lacustris), cattail (Typha, sp.), Yellow iris ( Iris pseudacorus). An important factor for the selection of suitable wetland plants is the modesty and rapid growth of the species. The grate can be of various designs and designs. The number and type of plants will vary according to the possibilities and needs of the site.

In a preferred embodiment, the floats are inflatable and formed from a material based on a waterproof fabric commonly used in the production of inflatable boats. This material must meet the requirements such as airtightness, water resistance, UV stability, high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, puncture, wall smoothness, functionality at temperatures from -30 to 70 ° C. The joints are designed so as not to lose airtightness, eg by gluing, vulcanization, welding, etc. In order to minimize the cost of the device, several types of materials can be used for production. For example, different materials for floats and sidewalls to optimize the overall cost of the equipment and the requirements for the features of each element.

The plant is compact and can be taken out of operation and placed outside the pond. The operation of the equipment does not in any way limit the normal management of ponds and does not require any construction work on the pond. For water purification, it is possible to use wetland plant species commonly found in our country, or even some floating species. The grates can also be planted with vegetables and herbs. The resulting biomass can be composted in or outside the pond if necessary. Another advantage is the fact that everything takes place inside the pond and there are no demands on the occupation of other land around the pond. The device works gravitationally and requires no primary power source. This is a great advantage compared to building an artificial wetland under the pond dam.

The advantage of the device for improving the water quality at the outflow of the pond dam according to the invention is in particular that it is a cheaper variant of water purification, which allows to maintain a higher production level of the pond with minimal investment costs. pond. In addition, the inflatable and mobile design allows easy storage and disassembly during off-peak periods without energy inputs. This will not limit the catch of the pond. The main advantages can therefore be seen in particular in the low purchase price, minimal construction costs and mobility.

-3 2017 - 525 A3

Clarification of drawings

The present invention will be explained in more detail in the following drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a device for improving water quality at a drain from a pond dam; Fig. 2 shows a side view of a floating body fixed to a safety overflow; Fig. 3 shows a side section of the floating body of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 shows a front view of the floating body of Fig. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The device 1 for improving the water quality at the outlet of the pond dam 11 according to the present invention represents the most technologically simple and economically advantageous solution for the use of artificial floating wetlands 3 for water purification in ponds. The device 1 is shown in Fig. 1 and is designed as a separate floating body 2 with a system of artificial floating wetlands 3. The floating body 2 is made up of a system of several floats 8, 19 of cylindrical shape made generally of a light airtight and water resistant material. fixation means 14, mostly steel cables. Inside, in the resulting cleaning segments 20, floating grids 17 with wetland plants 18 are placed. The material for making the floats 8, 19 can generally be characterized as a rubberized fabric or a closed plastic pipe or hose. Side walls 12 or wings, as shown in FIG. 2, are also attached to the side floats 8 on the outer side sides, which are also made of a similar material, i.e. a rubberized fabric. The side walls 12 of the wings are loaded with a weight or a load line along the entire length so as to adhere and follow the bottom 13 of the pond. Their function is to prevent water from penetrating underneath the artificial floating wetland 3 from the sides, thereby creating short-circuit currents that would reduce the efficiency of the device. The floats 8, 19 ensure that the floating body 2 is maintained above the water surface 25. They also define and determine the shape of the floating body 2. The individual floats 8, 19 are interconnected by a system of fixation means 14 in the form of steel cables. The floating body 2 is fixed at the water inlet 4 to the bottom 13 by means of several anchors 16 or stakes. On the other hand, at the outlet 5, that is to say when the water flows out of the floating body 2, the side walls 12 are fixed together via a fixing frame 21 with fixed couplings 15 in their own safety spillway 6. The size and shape of the floating body 2 can vary , the shape of the safety overflow 6 and the flow conditions at a given location. The floating body 2 is maintained above the water surface 25 and is independent of its height. The side walls 12 and the anchoring system anchors 16 must allow the functionality of the device 11 at any height of water in the pond.

The floats 8, 19 are made of a lightweight airtight and waterproof material, i.e. a waterproof fabric, a so-called rubberized fabric. Typically, these are materials used for the production of inflatable boats and entertainment elements. In this embodiment, a polyester or PES fabric with a rubber or PVC coating is used. In other embodiments, other fabrics may be used but must meet the following characteristics: airtightness, waterproofing, UV stability, high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, i.e., puncture, wall smoothness, functionality at ambient temperatures of about -30 to 70 ° C . The joints are designed so as not to lose airtightness, therefore, for example, gluing, vulcanization, welding, etc. are used, with a view to minimizing the cost of the device 7, several types of materials can be used for production.

-4GB 2017 - 525 A3

The floating body 2 is formed by two anchored side floats 8 and three anchored separating floats 19. Each side float 8 and the separating float 19 are formed with an anchor end 9 which is attached to the spillway 7 of the safety overflow 6 and with a free end 10 facing away from the dam. 11, as shown in FIG. 3. The shape of the floating body 2 can be characterized as fan-shaped, since the side floats 8 and the separating floats 19 are arranged in a fan-like shape, with their free ends 10, extending in width as they move away from the dam. pond. The floating body 2 is divided into several cleaning segments 20 by means of the separating floats 19. Their number will be determined primarily by the width of the safety overflow 6 and the amount of water flowing through. In this embodiment, the floating body 2 is formed by two side floats 8 and three dividing floats 19, thus forming four cleaning segments 20. In another embodiment, the number of floats 8, 19 and the resulting cleaning segments 20 may be different. The size of the individual cleaning segments 20 will also be influenced by the type or size of grids 17 of the artificial floating wetlands 3 used. The length of the floating body 2 is in units of meters. However, the aim is that the structure of the floating body 2 is compact, not too long, for reasons of good stability on the water surface 25 in wind and waves. The floating body 2 floats on the water surface 25 and does not have its own bottom.

Water is supplied to the floating body 2 via a water inlet 4 only from the front of the device 1, the open inlet 4. Water inlet chambers 22 are formed between the floats 8, 19 in the region of their free ends 10. The side walls 12, which are formed on the outer, lateral floats 8 of waterproof material, are from the surface 25 of the pond to the bottom 13, thereby preventing water from entering the device 1 from the sides. The aim is for the water to flow under the artificial floating wetland 3 towards the safety overflow 6. Approximately two meters before the edge of the safety overflow 6 in the area of the anchoring ends 9 of the floats 8, 19 an outlet chamber 23 is formed. to ensure free drainage of purified water from the pond. In this way it is possible to absorb water movements such as ripples, rise and fall of water level 25, as well as to maintain the functionality of the safety spillway 6 in the pond. The device 1 operates gravitationally without the need for electrical energy.

The floating body 2 with the artificial floating wetland 3 has a fan-like shape and is divided into several cleaning segments 20. The individual cleaning segments 20 are formed by a space between the cylindrical floats 8, 19. These are interconnected at several points by fixing means 14 by a steel cable system. to form separate cleaning chambers 24 into which the own grids 17 with wetland plants 18, i.e. coconut fiber grids 17 with wetland plants 18, are captured, as shown in FIG. 4. The grate 17 may be of various designs and designs, in other By way of example, the grates 17 can be made of polystyrene, plastic pipe, bamboo or reed. The number and type of wetland plants 18 varies according to the possibilities and needs of the locality, but this example utilizes: sedge (Carex sp.), Reed (Phragmites australis), sparrow (Schoenplectus lacustris), cattail (Typha, sp.) , Iris pseudacorus, in various proportions and proportions. The amount and type of wetland plants 18 will vary according to the possibilities and needs of the site. It is expected to use rather species with a shallow root system, respectively. it will also be possible to plant raft for growing seasonal vegetables such as salads, tomatoes etc. or herbs. The water will be the cleaning segments 20 and 20, respectively. flow through the cleaning chambers 24 from the water inlet 4 in the region of the free ends 10 of the floats 8, 19 towards the edge of the spillway 7 of the safety overflow 6 in the region of the anchor ends 9 of the floats 8, 19. The displacement or size of the inflatable rollers, i.e., the floats 8, 19, must be sufficient to keep the floats 8, 19 above the water level 25 at a height of at least 20 cm, but possibly also a worker standing on a service gangway formed for example by a wider plank across the cleaning segment. 20. In longer or larger devices 1, one or more reinforcing rollers, i.e., floats, may be positioned across the cleaning segment 20 to ensure the correct shape of the cleaning segments 20. The inflatable float valves 8, 19 are of the PUSH PUSH design. On the inflatable floats 8, 19, brackets may be installed on the upper side to fix various intensification or security elements. Similarly, the fixing eye can be placed around the perimeter, especially in the corners.

-5 2017 - 525 A3

If necessary, the water quality improvement device 1 at the outflow of the dam can be intensified, thus increasing its efficiency by aerating the roots of the artificial floating wetland 3, thereby promoting biological degradation processes in the aerobic environment. This is possible by placing air grates or hoses on the bottom of the chambers under the artificial floating wetland 3. However, this embodiment will require an electrical connection and an air source located on the shore of the pond and its distribution. The second option is to use a capacitive solar panel, a blower with a short air distribution, with the aeration running only during the light part of the day. Thus, device 1 would function as an energy island. Another possibility of streamlining the functioning of the plant 1 is to extend the vegetation period by spring and autumn months, when the temperature is generally low and the vegetation growth is slower. This can be achieved by covering the upper part of the device 1 with an artificial floating wetland with a structure covered with a translucent foil or polycarbonate. Basically create a kind of greenhouse or greenhouse.

The device 1 for improving the water quality at the outlet of the dam 11 is placed in front of the safety spillway 6 as shown in Fig. 5. Floats on the water surface 25 and the water masses outside and inside help to maintain the correct shape of the floating body 2. there is no undesirable spontaneous migration of the floating body 2 along the water surface 25, it is necessary to fix the individual parts of the floating body 2 by means of several anchors 16 or posts. Anchoring is particularly important at the water inlet 4 of the floating body 2 and at the edge of the safety spill 6, where the fixation is secured by a fixing frame 21 with fixed couplings 15 in the spill area 7 of the safety spill 6. mobile walkway. Operation of the equipment will also be possible by boat.

Industrial applicability

The device for improving the water quality at the outlet of a pond dam according to the invention can be used primarily in the field of fish farming, but also other aquatic organisms in ponds and small water reservoirs. It is suitable for breeders who manage smaller flow ponds. Its application can be seen not only in the Czech Republic but also abroad. Especially in developed countries with established fish farming in ponds and increasing pressure on surface water quality.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (10)

A device (1) for improving water quality at a drain (11) of a pond comprises a floating body (2) with an artificial floating wetland (3), which is provided with an inlet (4) for water inlet and outlet (5) for water outlet characterized in that it further comprises a safety spillway (6) to whose drop (7) the floating body (2) is fixed, wherein the floating body (2) is formed by at least two anchored side floats (8) to which they are waterproof side walls (12) extending to the bottom (13) of the pond and which are fastened to the fallout (7) by their anchoring end (9) and facing away from the dam (11) by their free end (10) and on the surface between the side floats (8) ) is provided at least one artificial floating wetland (3), the inlet (4) for inlet of water from the pond into the floating body (2) lies between the free ends (10) of the side floats (8) and the outlet (5) The body (2) lies laterally between the anchoring ends (9) ch float (8). -6GB 2017 - 525 A3 Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one anchored dividing float (19) is arranged between the side floats (8) and is fastened to the fallout (7) and its free end (10) by its anchoring end (9). is directed from the dam (11), and divides the space between the side floats (8) into individual cleaning segments (20) in which the artificial floating wetlands (3) are located separately. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one fixing means (14) is provided between the floats (8, 19) for defining a cleaning chamber (24) for accommodating an artificial floating wetland (3). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing means (14) is formed by a system of guide steel cables. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a water inlet chamber (22) is defined by the fixing means (14) between the floats (8, 19) in the free end space and is fixed in the anchor end space. means (14) defining an outlet chamber (23) for draining water. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the side floats (8) and the separating floats (19) are arranged in a fan-like manner with their free ends (10). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fixing of the floats (8, 19) to the fallout (7) is by means of a fixing frame (21) with fixed couplings (15). Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each float (8, 19) is provided with at least two anchors (16) for fastening the floating body (2) to the bottom (13) of the pond and directing the water flow. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the artificial floating wetland (3) is formed by a grate (17) for rooting wetland plants (18) and wetland plants (18) from the group of: sedge (Carex sp.) , Reed (Phragmites australis), Grasshopper (Schoenplectus lacustris), Cattail (Typha, sp.), Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacoriis). Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the floats (8, 19) are inflatable and made of a material based on a waterproof fabric.