CZ2012812A3 - Device based on the principle of small temperature gradient with magnetic boost system - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a Stirling device based on a small temperature gradient with a magnetic booster system. The device consists of at least two pairs of opposing cylinders (6 and 7) with pistons (8) disposed opposite to each other, the central shaft (1) and the magnetic booster system. At least one pair of opposing cylinders (6 or 7) with pistons (8) are so-called hot cylinders (7), and at least one second pair of opposing cylinders (7 or 6) are so-called cold cylinders (6), wherein the pairs of opposing cylinders (6 and 7) are in the so-called boxing position and their lower, open lower parts together with the central shaft (1) and the magnetic booster system are enclosed in a hermetic shell (13). The hot rollers (7) and the cold rollers (6) are connected to each other by the heat transfer regenerators (4) during the passage of the working medium, which is preferably helium.

Description

Equipment based on small temperature gradient with magnetic booster system

Technical field

The invention relates to a device comprising a region of low temperature gradient drives, in particular a so-called Stirling engine, a heat pump and a Stirling engine-based cryogenic device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Stirling devices are divided into two groups, namely Stirling engines and heat pumps and Stirling engine-based cryogenic devices.

Stirling engines are heat engines characterized by external heating of a constant amount of working medium (helium, nitrogen, air or other gas) moving within a defined working space, the working medium not changing state. The working gas expands or contracts cyclically in accordance with the physical behavior of the gases, depending on the amount of thermal energy input or output. The working medium heated in the hot cylinder expands, cooled in the cold cylinder shrinks, which is used to perform the work. Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy (see Figure 1). Stirling engine theory divides Stirling engines into alpha, beta, gamma and special engines.

Conversely, Stirling engines can be used to transfer heat energy as heat pumps or cryogenic devices by applying motor power to its central shaft.

In special application cases, Stirling devices offer a combination of the two previous options.

To enhance the efficiency of the Stirling equipment, a regenerator is provided between the hot and cold cylinders, an internal heat exchanger in which the working gas, cyclically expanding and compressing in the space between the hot and cold cylinders, is cyclically preheated or precooled. The regenerator increases the efficiency of the Stirling devices and economises their operation.

The advantage of Stirling engines or Stirling devices is that, unlike internal combustion engines, they promise to improve Earth's ecological situation by allowing the hot cylinder to be heated continuously by a variety of heat sources: geothermal energy, sunlight, waste heat, decomposition, combustion different fossil fuels or biomass. Other advantages of Stirling engines include their simple design, quiet running, maintenance-free, long life, higher efficiency compared to internal combustion engines, and operational safety. Stirling engines can be manufactured in a version that does not require:. ; ·. · ·. ::. .

The air intake, works great at temperatures well below zero, in the Arctic winters or in outer space. Stirling engines also proved to be quiet with submarines. In astronautics, they can replace large-scale, vulnerable photovoltaic systems in power generation. The disadvantages of existing models of Stirling engines or Stirling devices are, in particular, the necessity of having a sufficiently large temperature gradient of the working medium cyclically expanding and compressing in the space between the hot and cold cylinders to achieve the desired practical performance of these devices.

Another disadvantage is also the need to use high-quality heat-resistant materials for the production of hot cylinders, due to the high heat load of the hot cylinder, which makes the Stirling engines more expensive, and the need for uncompromising sealing of pistons moving in the cylinders. The dimensions of Stirling engines are also several times larger than those of internal combustion engines of the same power, which is why these engines are not widely used in cars or airplanes and have not become widely known. A disadvantage of the existing solutions is also considered to be their inelasticity when starting from zero.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a low temperature gradient Stirling apparatus with a magnetic booster system comprising at least two pairs of opposed cylinders with pistons opposed axially, a central shaft and a magnetic booster system according to the present invention. characterized in that at least one of the pair of opposing cylinders with pistons, preferably double pistons operating straddling above the central shaft, are so-called hot cylinders, and at least one other pair of opposing cylinders are so-called cold cylinders, these pairs of opposing The cylinders are in the so-called boxing position and their lower, open parts together with the central shaft and the magnetic booster system are enclosed in a hermetic casing when the hot and cold cylinders are The heat transfer regenerators are connected to each other with minimum friction as the working medium passes. Here, the regenerators consist of channels braided with a thermally conductive wire, preferably copper wire, so as to form several parallel passageways with minimum friction and maximum ability to preheat and pre-cool the working medium, which is preferably helium.

The magnetic booster system consists of permanent magnets, which are housed in the piston bodies moving in the cylinder paths and a magnetic ring suitably mounted on the central shaft. The magnetic ring assembly with the central shaft then forms the rotor of the device. In this case, the stator magnetic elements consist of permanent magnets embedded in the piston bodies moving in the cylinder paths. The central ring magnetic ring assembly during its rotation affects the stator magnetic elements by the polarities. The interaction of the magnetic forces of the magnetic booster system causes the pistons to press on the central shaft by means of rods or cams. By increasing the force of the pistons on the central shaft due to magnetism, the engine gains more power and efficiency at a very low temperature gradient between hot and cold cylinders.

The biased permanent magnet magnetic booster system seeks a magnetic balance of forces and, in synergy with the thermal motor, amplifies the torque of the central shaft, without the need for a large thermal difference between cold and hot cylinders. The small thermal differences of the cylinders bring significant technological, production and material savings in the production of Stirling engines and a significant saving in the fuel needed to drive these engines.

The device according to the invention is advantageously realized by a pair of individual Stirling engines assembled in a box design and cooperating synergistically. The individual motors are thermally insulated with each other for the purpose of exclusively positive synergetic interaction.

At the moment of expansion, ie the expansion of the working gas in one of the pair of individual engines, the working gas is simultaneously contracted in the opposite engine of the pair and then cyclic changes in the working cycle of this Stirling device.

The advantage of the proposed device is that it does not have to have perfect tight pistons, which is a prerequisite for the flawless function of conventional existing models of Stirling engines, because it is designed in the boxing design of cylinders, allowing complete hermetic closing of cylinders. This technological and design advantage reduces the cost of implementation and allows the engine to be filled with working medium, preferably helium, from a single filling point.

The classic Stirling alpha engine is considered to be a four-stroke engine, while the present box-type Stirling engine is a two-stroke engine, resulting in operational advantages. One of them is the possibility to use smaller dimensions of heat exchangers of hot and cold cylinders of Stirling machine based on a small temperature gradient compared to hitherto used models with the same performance.

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present Stirling apparatus of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature gradient Stirling apparatus with a magnetic booster system; FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 illustrate a magnetic booster system applied to a Stirling device in its individual operating phases, FIG. 6 illustrates schematically in sketch an exemplary embodiment of an unlimited long distance balloon equipped with a Stirling device according to the present invention and FIG. 7 illustrates a particular embodiment of a central part of a Stirling low temperature gradient apparatus with a magnetic booster system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a Stirling device for controlling hot air balloons for long-haul flights without the time limitation of FIG. 6.

The elongated cross arms in the figure indicate the heat exchangers of the cylinders 6 and 7 of the device with shapes adapted to the application. The horizontal arms of the cross are cold cylinder heat exchangers 6, the arms pointing towards the balloon dome and downward are the hot cylinder heat exchangers 7. The lower heat exchanger must be thermally insulated from the environment, preferably as a solar parabolic trough receiving heat energy from the Sun.

The Stirling device will be applied in the combined mode as a heat energy pump and in the reverse sense as a Stirling engine driving the power generator. By pumping thermal energy into / from the balloon dome, we achieve a very good vertical maneuverability of the balloon, which can be likened to controlling a low-speed elevator in a high-rise building. Horizontal maneuverability can, to a certain extent, be ensured by the reactive action of the hot air outflow from the electromagnetically actuated nozzles located around the circumference of the balloon at a suitable location. The energy consumed during this maneuver can be quickly replaced by a Stirling device.

The easy handling of a rich supply of thermal energy from the environment will allow the design of smaller size balloons with a greater specific density, which is an important factor contributing to maneuverability in changing air currents. In theory, the balloons of the proposed concept can remain in the air without limiting flight time.

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Industrial applicability

Traditional areas of existing Stirling facilities are cogeneration units, combined heat and power, domestic power plants, desert power plants, astronautics, submarines, pumps, reversibly used for heating or cooling, heat pumps, cryogenics. The present invention, due to the reduced dimensions at higher power and efficiency, compared to existing models of Stirling equipment, can be used in addition to the cited areas also in drive areas where the deployment of Stirling engines was previously hypothetically considered or considered as real options not at all. There is the prospect of economical hybrid cars, trucks, scooters, electric bikes, airplanes, airships, hot air balloons, wheelchairs, and vehicles that have to work smoothly and reliably in polar regions with temperatures well below zero.

The most interesting option is deployment in the area of cold fusion, where it is possible to use Stirling engines as a solution of the motor part of the turbo-generator connected to the cold fusion device.

Claims (8)

A low temperature gradient apparatus comprising at least two pairs of opposed cylinders (6 and 7) with pistons (8), a central shaft (1) and a magnetic booster system, characterized in that the pairs of opposed cylinders (6 and 7) with the pistons (8) are located axially opposite each other in the so-called boxing position and that their open lower parts together with the central shaft (1) and the magnetic booster system are enclosed in a hermetic casing (13). Low temperature gradient apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one pair of opposing cylinders (6 or 7) with pistons (8) are so-called hot cylinders (7) and at least one pair of opposing cylinders (7 or 6). ) are so-called cold rollers (6) when the hot rollers (7) and cold rollers (6) of these pairs of opposing rollers (6 and 7) are interconnected by heat transfer regenerators (4) with minimum friction as the working medium passes. Low temperature gradient device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnetic booster system consists of permanent magnets (10) housed in the piston body (8) of opposing cylinders (6 and 7), and moving in the tracks. these cylinders (6 and 7), and a magnetic ring (2) connected to the central shaft (1). A low temperature gradient device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic ring assembly (2) with the central shaft (1) forms the rotor of the device and that the stator magnetic elements are formed by permanent magnets (10) mounted. in the piston bodies (8) of opposite cylinders (6 and 7) moving in the paths of these cylinders (6 and 7). A low temperature gradient apparatus according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnetic ring assembly (2) with the central shaft (1) during its rotation affects the polarities of the stator magnetic elements and the interaction of the magnetic forces of the magnetic booster system causes pressure the pistons (8) on the central shaft (1) by means of connecting rods or cams (3). A low temperature gradient apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the regenerators are formed by channels braided by a thermally conductive wire so as to result in a heat-conducting wire. Creation of several parallel passageways with minimum friction and maximum ability to preheat and pre-cool the passing working medium. 7. The low temperature gradient apparatus of claims 1 and 2, wherein the pistons of the at least one pair of opposing cylinders are double. 8. The low temperature gradient apparatus of claims 1, 2 and 7, wherein the pistons of the at least one pair of opposed cylinders operate straddling the central shaft.