CZ2003839A3 - Hold-down device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved holding device for receiving pole-shaped objects, especially trees, christmas trees for example. The inventive device has the following characteristics: at least one component of the holding elements (4-4c; 104-104c) and the swivel axes (7-7c; 114-114c) associated thereto can be moved towards and away from the axis of symmetry and/or central axis (115), and the holding elements (4-4c; 104-104c) and the swivel axis or tilting axis (7-7c; 114-114c) associated thereto can be moved by means of the clamping device (2; 102), against the force of a spring device (10; 13).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a holding device for fastening spherical objects, in particular trees and Christmas trees of various sizes and conditions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Christmas tree stands in various designs are well known in the art. Stands are offered which consist of a base plate and a perpendicularly fixed tube in which the Christmas tree is fixed by means of horizontally positioned pins with pin handles. Alignment of the tree through such a stand usually poses problems. Two people need to set up the tree trunk to erect and level the tree, the pin handle bolts provide only slight finger holding surfaces and are therefore difficult to turn, and water irrigation is not possible at all or only to a small extent.

Stands are also known whose bearing tube has an oversized diameter, into which the tree is roughly centered and then is firmly wedged by a series of wedges which are placed between the edge of the bearing tube and the tree. Here too, aligning the tree is difficult for one person.

• · · · ·

Furthermore, a stand is known in which the fixed tree trunk is inserted into the notched sleeve, the wedge-like push-in body in the form of a cap nut is screwed onto the outer circumference of the sleeve and by its wedge-shaped push profile pushes radially arranged pressure jaws. By means of pressure jaws moving radially inwards, the tree trunk located in the housing is clamped and fixed. It is also disadvantageous in this tree stand that when the cross-section of the tree trunk deviates from the circular shape, the pressure jaws are unevenly brought into contact and, on the one hand, inadequate fastening and, on the other hand, not quite perpendicular alignment.

Further, there are known Christmas tree stands with a trunk support arranged on a base plate and a plurality of holding elements arranged about an axis of symmetry, which are arranged above the mounting between the released position and the holding position in planes independently rotatable independently of each other. they hold the holding position by their bearing area under pressure on the tree trunk. The holding device comprises a clamping device which, through the force transmission element, exerts an uneven force effect on all the holding elements and moves the holding elements to their holding position.

Although such a Christmas tree stand has proved its worth in practice, it also has its drawbacks. Indeed, in such a stand, it is necessary to exert an increased manual force in the inclined position both to hold the tree in a straight position and to operate the clamping device.

Furthermore, a Christmas tree stand is known, which is produced in a costly and expensive casting manner and is formed in the form of a pot with three rigidly connected webs at a 120 ° spacing and an inclination of 25 °. The grooves provided with slots are displaceably disposed on the webs in such a way that the centrally arranged tree presses on the plate connected to the clamping wedges and thus the clamping wedges lie against the tree and fasten it. It is then difficult to release the tree.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a holding device of the above type in order to be able to be mounted in a perpendicular position with as little as possible a Christmas tree - for example up to 3.50 m or more with thick and weak trunks and smooth or irregular surface. by exerting force.

This object has been achieved by the development of a holding device according to the invention, characterized in that the holding elements with respective rotational axes are adjustable with at least one component towards and away from the axis of symmetry and / or central axis, and the axes of rotation are guided by the clamping device against the force of the spring device.

According to the invention, it is proposed that the individual retaining elements that abut the tree trunk are preferably designed to be foldable and pivotable and are adjustable towards and away from the tree trunk. To this end, the retaining elements may be located on the sliding or roller elements, adjustable to and from the tree trunk, and / or

tilting tilting levers, tilting to and from the tree trunk.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is further proposed that the adjusting movement towards the fixation position, i.e. towards the tree trunk, is carried out in such a way that the cradle or double lever holding elements perform not only the adjusting movement with the radial component towards the tree but also with the component facing downwards, thereby ensuring that the tree trunk is pressed even more firmly into its established position during the locking movement of the holding device, in particular it is pressed even more firmly and deeply onto a preferably arranged mandrel. This also serves to increase the reliability and strength of the alignment.

Thus, such an arrangement is advantageous in that one or more of the co-acting force transmission elements first move independently of one another, but at the same time, simultaneously to the trunk of the mounted Christmas tree. This means that the retaining elements first lie on the perimeter of the Christmas tree trunk in accordance with its outer shape and set position, and not in the specified order. In this position, it is not a problem to find out whether the tree to be fastened stands perpendicularly or if it is to be evenly aligned.

In the further operation of the force transmitting elements, regardless of whether the trunk is seated centrally, the individual holding elements engage knots or non-circular strains or bulges of the trunk. The forces required for the final arresting force act on the trunk of the tree through all the retaining elements in such a way that they align with each other and prevent the tree from being forced into the undesired position.

• ·· ·

The stand may consist, for example, of plastic and can thus be cheaply manufactured. It can be sealed so that a separate locating vessel can be dispensed with and the entire interior space can be filled with water to feed the tree. By entering a liquid, in particular water, into a special cavity system, the necessary net weight of the alignment device can be increased. Since the filling must only be carried out at the place of use, this results in a low transport weight advantage.

Owing to a particular embodiment of the clamping device, a longer foot lever can be used, which can be operated with less force than the prior art foot levers. By this measure, as well as the individual abutment of the holding elements on the tree trunk as a function of the circumference and the external design, one person is also able to reliably position the tree reliably in the desired position in a particularly simple and convenient manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a Christmas tree stand;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a second embodiment of a Christmas tree stand;

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the clamping device;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the clamping device of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment in plan view;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a modified embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view to illustrate the principle of alignment in the embodiment of FIGS. 7 to 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

First, the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be discussed.

1 and 2 show a holding device with a base plate 11 which is connected, or can be connected, to the wall 1a forming the reservoir all around the periphery. A cover plate 16 is arranged at an angle of 90 ° to the intended axis of symmetry or the center axis 115, which is connected to a wall 1a, which is preferably cylindrical and represents an outer wall, and · · · · · · * · * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * On the one hand, through a limiting wall 16a, which is substantially cylindrical and thus substantially perpendicular to the base plate and the cover plate 16, in the illustrated embodiment, with the base plate 11. This creates a tunnel 16 'having a tire shape in plan view which can be filled with a load material such as water or sand.

By means of an inner substantially cylindrical confinement wall 16a, a space is formed around the central axis or the axis of symmetry 115 for the installation of a fixture, such as the end of a Christmas tree trunk. On the upper surface of the tunnel 16 ', which is substantially parallel to the base plate 11, guide rails 8a, 8b, 8c are arranged in a circle around the intended central axis or axis of symmetry 115, which may for example be formed in the form of U-profiles. The guide rails are therefore arranged on or connected to the cover plate 16 of the tunnel 16 'so that sliding elements 10, 10a, 10b, 10c can be adjusted on or in these guide rails.

Advantageously, bearing pins 14, 14a, 14b, 14c are formed on the sliding elements 10, 10a, 10b, 10c at their ends facing the central or symmetry axis 115, on which the vertically pivotally mounted holding elements 4, 4a are pivoted. 4b, 4c. The bearing pins 14 to 14c form at least approximately a horizontal axis of rotation or have such an axis of rotation.

Further, there is provided a clamping device 2 on which the ends of one or more elastic transmission elements 2, for example in the form of a steel cable, are fastened. These force transmission elements 3 are guided through the guide holes • 4 44 · 4 • 4 4 4 4

4445 4 4

43 4 4 43 4

44 44 44

12, 12a, 12b and 12c in the sliding elements 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, so that during operation of the clamping device 2 - when the force transmission elements 3 preferably formed in the form of a steel wire are wound in terms of shortening in the clamping device 2 the elements 10 to 10c are adjusted to the vertical central axis or the axis of symmetry 115, since the force transmission elements 3 stored in a plan view in a tubular manner are withdrawn by the action of the clamping device 2.

The force transmission element 3, preferably in the form of a steel wire, passes laterally through the guide holes 12 to 12c into the sliding elements, the force transmission element 3 also passing through the guide grooves 9 to 12c formed laterally in the guide rails 8 to 8c and thus, the adjusting movement of the sliding elements can be effected without any problems.

During this adjustment movement of the sliding elements 10 to 10c, the supporting elements 4 to 4c carried by them and pivotal about the horizontal axes are also displaced towards the central axis or the axis of symmetry 115. In this case, the holding elements 4 to 4c first abut the outer periphery of the tree trunk in the free space of the container 1, 1a and thus the tree with its tips and / or bearing surfaces and / or bearing sections formed at both ends above and below their bearing pins 14. to 14c, slightly fix.

This makes it possible to additionally align the tree so that during further tightening movement of the force transmission element 3 the tips or abutment sections offset to the tilting axis are more strongly pressed against the tree trunk bark until the abutment sections are at least slightly pressed into the trunk

• I 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 · 9 • 4444 4 4 4 4 4444 44 44 44 44 tree, namely independently tom, whether this shows on its own surface some inequality or was in the holding device

established centrally. The wedge is so strong that the tree retains its vertical position.

To release the tree, the foot lever 20 is raised against the clamping and treading directions. Thereby, the locking device on the clamping device 2 can be released, thereby releasing the roller 21 with the wound force transmission element 3, preferably in the form of a steel wire. As a result, the sliding elements 10 to 10c can be returned to their neutral position by means of the pulling springs 13, 13a, 13b, 13c with the pivoting retaining elements 4 to 4c fixed thereon, so that the tree can be freely removed.

1 and 2 show the withdrawal springs 13 to 13c, which are fixed on the sliding elements 10 to 10c on the one hand and, on the other hand, externally on the fixing point 13 'on the outer edge of the holding device. After this towing movement, the tree can be removed again.

In order to achieve the rotation of the retaining elements 4 to 4c about their rotation axes 14 to 14c during transport at roughly the same height above the housing 5 relative to the intended center or rotation axis 115, concavities are formed in the tunnel 16 'without breaking its tightness. 17, 17a, 17b and 17c to allow the retaining elements 19 to swivel from their locked position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to their approximately horizontally extending transport position.

One or more of the pointed spines 19 associated with the bottom may serve to additionally fix the lower region of the installed tree, but are not due to the particular arrangement and shape The holding elements 4 and 4c are absolutely necessary, since the holding elements 4 to 4c engage vertically apart from each other with their vertically lying abutment surfaces or tips on the object to be held. Said mandrels may even be a defect when the rod-like object, which consists of a particularly hard material or even a non-deformable material such as steel, is to be centered.

3. In this embodiment, instead of the plate 16, the webs 6, 6a, 6b and 6c are provided, which are externally connected to the generally cylindrical outer wall 1a and extend therefrom horizontally inwardly and by folding 6 ', 6'a, 6' b, 6 'c are connected to the bottom of the container. Here, too, a tunnel 16 'or a hollow space is provided which is suitable for accommodating the load-carrying element 15.

This may be an element 15 which is arranged continuously in the annular ground plan in the tunnel 16 'or in the hollow space. This element 15 may be hollow inside and may be filled, for example, with liquid or sand. On the upper side of the webs, in accordance with the previous embodiment, guide rails 8 to 8c are again arranged parallel to the bottom of the container.

Also in this exemplary embodiment, the retaining elements 4 to 4c can be moved to a horizontal position during transport, so that they lie approximately at the height of their axis of rotation 14 to 14c. In order to enable this rotational movement of the abutment surfaces or tips towards the center axis or axis of symmetry 115, recesses 6, 6a, 7b, 7c are formed on said webs 6 to 6c in the region in which the lower part the rotatable retaining elements perform a rotational movement. This recess therefore serves the same function as already explained with the first exemplary embodiment.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, a new clamping device is described in which the cable roller 21 is longitudinally arranged from the axis of symmetry to the outer wall 1a. This arrangement allows a complete sealing of the interior space by means of the sealing ring 34 in the corresponding form 33 on the inner side of the body, so that the inner side of the body can be completely filled with water to irrigate the tree trunk using appropriate materials.

A projecting extension of the input shaft 26 passing through the interior of the cable roller 21, which may be in the form of a tube, is connected to a relatively long foot lever 20, which can perform its task with relatively little force. Furthermore, the force transmitting elements 3 do not require any bypasses for proper winding to the rope roller 21, since they are guided on it in their natural run.

The cable roller 21, formed of a tube which is rotatably supported in the bearing 33 in the side walls of the housing part 15 and in the bearing block 31, has a gear 25 fixedly connected thereto within its housing 31. it has a foot lever 20 on its side protruding from the body 1, 5, and a carrier 22 is fastened on its inner side, which extends beyond the cable roller 21.

4 4

• 4

44 · ·

44

When the foot lever 20 is applied to the floor, the input shaft 26 which is detachably connected thereto and the carrier 22 which is connected thereto on the opposite side are rotated. By means of a carrier plate 23 rotatably mounted at the upper end of the carrier 22, which is pressed against its toothing gear 25 with its downwardly directed edge 24 by means of a compression spring 24, the gear wheel 25 and the cable roller 21 are rotated such that a fixed force transmission element 3. By tensioning the force transmission element 3, which is guided by openings of sliding elements 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, on which the holding elements 4, 4a, 4b, 4c are rotatably mounted, they are pulled by their holding areas to the tree trunk.

In order to prevent unwanted reverse rotation of the cable roller, a locking plate 28 is provided on the bearing block 21, which is pressed against the toothing of the gear 25 by its compression spring 29 with its upwardly directed edge. The input shaft 26 and the associated carrier 22 are moved to the starting position by means of a return spring 35 mounted thereon.

To release the force transmission element 3 and hence the holding elements 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, the foot lever 20 is pushed upwardly against the treading direction, whereby the input shaft 26 and the associated carrier 22 are sufficient against the mounting direction of rotation. The carrier 22 is provided on its underside such that the locking plate 28 is pushed out of the toothing 25 of the gear when it is retracted. At the same time, the driving plate 23 is pressed against the mandrel 27 connected to the bearing block so that it is disengaged from the gear 25 and thus releasing the cable roller 21.

This to this this to it this to it this to it this to it

The force transmission element 3 is thus released at its ends, and the withdrawal springs 13 and 13a, 13b, 13c can move the sliding elements 10, 10a, 10b, 10c and thus the holding elements 4, 4a, 4b, 4c into their released position, the tree trunk was also released.

In order to fill the entire interior with water, it is necessary to provide an adequate seal. This can basically be done using a tube as the input shaft 26 by means of a plug 37 which must be fitted at the shaft end, while a sealing ring 30 on the input shaft 26 is also used inside the cable roller 21 and a Simmer ring 34 sealing the input shaft 26 relative to the body.

The displacement of the cable roller 21 and the input shaft 26 is prevented by means of a removably mounted possible lever 20 and also by means of a locking plate which, together with the bearing block 31, are removably connected (e.g. by means of screws) to the bottom 17.

6 and 7, which differs substantially from the previous embodiments in that the sliding elements are not arranged therein or comparable in effect to them with roller devices for radial adjustment around the horizontal the tilting axes of the rotary holding elements, but that the holding elements with their horizontal rotational axes can be adjusted around the movably mounted rotary lever.

In this exemplary embodiment, the holding device is illustrated with its base plate 11, which is connected over the entire circumference to a wall perpendicular to it, forming 0 0 0 0 • 0 0000

I 0 0 I 00 0 0

00 container. Around the locating space 116, a plurality of bearing supports 106, 106a, 106b, 106c, each consisting of a pair of spaced apart plates, are connected to the base plate 1 such that they are pivotable in or on pivotably mounted pivot levers 105, 105a, 105b, 105c.

The bearing supports are U-shaped in cross-section by means of bearing pins 108, so that they can be fastened to the bottom of the container with their base plate. The pivoting levers 105, 105c are also formed of double pivoting levers in a U-shaped cross-section by lever pairs arranged parallel to a certain distance of the pivoting levers, preferably at the end adjacent to the base plate, pivotally mounted on said bearing pins.

The bearing elements 104, 104a, 104b are also pivotably mounted on the loose, opposite ends of the pivoting levers 105 to 105c opposite the bearing pins 108 to 108c, and the pivoting levers 105, 107a, 107b, 107c are also pivotally mounted thereon. and 104c, with their front face or gripping surfaces 161a, 161b formed to be held facing the intended central axis or axis of symmetry 115. This central axis or axis of symmetry 115 can be understood as an axial extension of the conical axis. a central mandrel 115 centrally disposed in the base plate 1 and preferably connected thereto. The holding lever 104 is preferably pivotally arranged between a pair of pivoting levers.

To transfer the clamping elements 104, 104a, 104b, 104c from their released position to the holding position, a clamping device 102 is provided which acts on the force transmission element to act on the clamping element.

105b, 105c and hence the individual pivoting levers 105, 105a, the retaining elements 104, 104a, 104b, 104c which are rotatably connected thereto.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, the clamping device 102 comprises a snap-fit device with a cable roller 113 which faces, on the one hand, the perpendicular wall 1a of the base plate 1 and, on the other hand, the intended axis of symmetry 115. This ratchet mechanism counteracts the direction of rotation when the foot lever 114 is rotated. In the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, a so-called ratchet is used, the control lever 114a of which protrudes outwardly over the peripheral edge of the base plate 1 at an angle of 90 [deg.] And is sealed at its outlet by a rubber sleeve.

A force transmission element 3, for example a steel cable, is fixed at one end to the cable roller 113 and is guided from there through correspondingly sized holes in the cable guides 118, 117 and holes 109, 109a, 109b, 109c in the pivoting levers 105, 105a, 105b. , 105c as well as in the cable guides 117 and 118, so that the opposite end of the steel cable 103 is also secured to the cable roller 113 or at a fixed point in front of the cable roller 113.

If the force transmission element 3 is not tensioned by the clamping device 102 and is therefore free, the pivoting levers 105, 105a, 105b, 105c are biased by the tension springs 110, 110a, 110b, 110c in the direction of their released position, the springs 110 to 110c being supported. on supports 111 to 111c on the inside of the outer wall 1a.

··· «* ·· *:

9 φ 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1 1

The function of the Christmas tree stand described so far is as follows:

The Christmas tree is positioned approximately centrally between the abutment regions of the retaining elements 104, 104a, 104b, 104c on the central mandrel 115, with the free end of its trunk, thereby first fixing the trunk's position horizontally. This is followed by manual visual vertical alignment in order to actuate the foot lever 114, 114a by the foot, whereby the rope roller 113 actuated in rotation rotates the force transmission element 3.

By subsequently shortening the length of the steel wire 103, the pivoting levers 105, 105a, 105b, 105c against the force of the tension springs 110, 110a, 110b, 110c around their pivot axes 108, 108a, 108b, 108c and their bearing pins 107, 107a, 107b , 107c, rotatably mounted retaining elements 104, 104a, 104b, 104c move to the intended axis of symmetry and to the tree trunk, respectively. The holding areas are thus adjusted independently of the outer shape of the tree trunk and whether it is centrally positioned. Essentially, at the same time or thereafter, they abut against it, thus wedging it firmly in a vertical position.

To release the tree, the foot lever 114, 114a is raised by the foot against the tread direction. The locking device thus released on the clamping device 102 releases the roller 113 with the wound rope 103, whereby the pivoting levers 105, 105a, 105b, 105c with the retaining elements 104, 104a, 104b, 104c mounted thereon by the tension springs 110, 110a, 110b, 110c returns to neutral. The tree can then be removed.

• 9. 9

8 to 11, an exemplary embodiment modified with respect to the preceding examples is explained. The force transfer element 103, preferably in the form of a steel wire, is not formed here as a closed loop for actuating the rotatable elements and hence the holding elements, but is divided, the ends of the force transfer element 103 preferably opposite the clamping device 102 are supported and anchored on the support device 190.

The ends of the steel cable 103 are also not fixed at this support point 190 but pass through an opening 192 in the cable guide 191 and are provided with a stop element 193 anchored at the end of the cable guide 193 which cannot be pulled through the hole in the cable guide. An elastic energy accumulator 195, preferably in the form of a coil spring, engages a respective section of the end of the steel cable.

While in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, all the clamping device is disposed within the receptacle and the cable passages are therefore not led out of the receptacle through any openings (thus, when filling the receptacle with water, there is no problem of watertight sealing in the cable passage area) 8 to 10 the arrangement is such that the force transfer element 103, preferably in the form of a steel cable, is guided over the upper edge 1 / of the storage tank through the cable bushing 201 formed therefrom out of the storage tank towards the clamp equipment.

Thus, no sealing measures are required to prevent moisture entering the cable gland when the interior is filled with water. It is also apparent from FIGS. 8 to 10 that a corresponding recess 203 is formed on the otherwise cylindrical wall 1a of the reservoirs to provide sufficient space for the clamping device 102.

Referring now to Fig. 11, examples of the adjusting movement of the pivoting lever 105 and the retaining elements carried therein are shown, with the pivotal movement of the pivoting lever 105 about the downward, generally horizontal pivot axes 108, that shaft pins or generally horizontal pivot axes 107 are retained the levers 104 not only rotate in a circle toward the center or symmetry axis 115, but also continuously downward.

By means of this movement, the retaining elements 104 are additionally displaced towards the floor, whereby the tree trunk is even more strongly pressed against the central mandrel 119 arranged inside the base plate 1 and thus the tree is better fixed. It is shown in FIG. 11 how the holding elements 104 with the decreasing diameter of the tree are moved closer to the base plate 1 of the holding device.

In the various settings shown in Fig. 11, for example, the retaining elements can accommodate and secure a tree with a diameter of 2 x 63 mm, 2 x 39 mm or 2 x 22 mm.

Claims (19)

19 · · * ···· · ···· P A T E N T 0 V É N Á YEARS 1. Holding equipment to fastening spherical objects, especially trees and Christmas trees different sizes and state, with the following characters - with a base preferably in the form of a base plate (1), - with a plurality of retaining elements (4-4c; 104-104c) that are offset disposed about the periphery of the retaining device about a symmetry axis and / or a central axis (115) and with their front and / or engagement surfaces or sections (161a, 161b) are arranged from an axis of symmetry and / or a central axis (115) offset at a distance to the outside, - with a clamping device (2; 102) by means of which the pivotable holding elements (4-4c; 104-104c) above and at least one arranged force transmitting element (3; 103), preferably in the form of a steel wire, a rotated released position into an inwardly rotated fixation position, in which the front or engagement surfaces (161a, 161b) abut the outer periphery of the tree, as indicated by the following additional features - that the retaining elements (4-4c; 104-104c) with respective rotational axes (107-104c; 14-14c) are adjustable with at least one component towards and away from the symmetry axis and / or the central axis (115), and - that the adjusting movement of the retaining elements (4-4c; 104104c) carried by the axes of rotation (7-7c; 114-114c) is guided against the spring force by means of the clamping device (2; 102) a device (10; 13). Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinged holding elements (4-4c; 104-104c) are adjustable or movable by means of supporting rotary axes (7-7c; 114-114C) by means of a sliding and / or roller device with radial ingredient. Holding device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by folding holding the elements (4-4c; 104-104c) are adjustable or displaceable by means of the pivoting axes (7-7c; 114-114c) by means of the pivoting levers (105-105c). Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the offset in the circumferential direction about the symmetry axis and / or the central axis (115) comprises a series of guide rails (8-8c) centered with at least one component to axis of symmetry and / or center axis (115) on which the sliding elements (10-10c) are adjustable, on which the holding elements (4-4c; 104-104c) are adjustable including bearing axis of rotation (7-7c; 114114c) . Holding device according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide rails (8-8c) are arranged at a distance above the base plate (1). Holding device according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate (16) supporting a plate (16) carrying a plate (16). 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44444 44 4 4 4444 4444 444 44 4 44 «4 44 44 guide rails (8-8c) and spaced above the base plate (1) are formed such that between the base plate (1) and the peripheral outer wall (1a) of the tank as well as substantially parallel to each other a tunnel (16 ') is formed over the spaced apart plate (16) above it by a base plate (1) for loading with a load material. Holding device according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate is partially connected to the base plate (1) by means of a limiting wall. or 6, (16) is at least (16) Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that free spaces are arranged inside the holding device, preferably inside a holding tank provided with a base plate (1), which allow the holding elements (4-4c; 104) to be provided. -104c) are movable to a transport position in which the retaining elements (4-4c; 104-104c) are oriented at least approximately horizontally. Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises spring devices (13-13c; 10-10c) which are supported on the fixed parts of the holding device and preferably on the holding tank (1) belonging to the holding device. indirectly on sliding and / or roller devices and / or adjusting planes (105-105c), whereby the retaining elements (4-4c; 104-104c) are biased by an outwardly directed component. Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the force transmission device is completely arranged inside the holding tank (1). Holding device according to claim 10, characterized in that the clamping device (2; 102) with its at least essential components for producing a clamping action on the force transmission device (3; 103) is arranged inside the holding tank (1). Holding device according to one of the claims, characterized in that the clamping device (2; 102) with its at least essential components for clamping action on the transfer device (3; 103) is arranged outside the receiving tank (1). 1 to 10, the force generating device is Holding device for transmitting force, with a cable circumferential wall of the device (2; 102) arranged, the device according to claim 12, characterized in that the device (3; 103) preferably in the form of a steel wire is a bushing (201) over the upper an edge (1 ') (1a) of the receptacle (1) to a clamping arrangement arranged outside the peripheral edge (1a). Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the holding elements (44c; 104-104c) are adjustable, at least with an additional component, from top to bottom when moved from their released position to their fixation position. Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the guide rails are provided with guide grooves. Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the force transmission element (3; 103) is guided by guide grooves (9, 9a, 9b, 9c) in the guide rails (8, 8a, 8b, 8c). and guide holes (12, 12a, 12b, 12c) in the sliding elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c). Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the input shaft (26) is provided with a seal (30, 37). Holding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping device is guided by a body (19) provided with a sealing ring (34). of claims 1 to 17, a cable roller (21) 5) and is preferably Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the body parts 1a, 5) are made of plastic and / or metal. 18 (1) Holding device according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the device (2) is driven by an electric motor. clamping