CS286091A3 - Addition of balls into the soil for feeding the plants with nitrogen - Google Patents

Abstract

Soil additive pellet for supplying plants with nitrogen. The soil additive pellet is composed of a mixture of, on the one hand, a nitrogen source based on ammonium and/or urea and, on the other hand, a matrix former composed of a substance from the group comprising gypsum, clay, magnesium sulphate or mixtures of these substances. The mixture is shaped into soil additive pellets which are sufficiently stable in the soil. There are also specified processes for the preparation of the soil additive pellets.

Description

Addition of medium beads to soil for nitrogen supply

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the addition of medium pellets to the soil by supplying plants with nitrogen. The invention also relates to a method for producing such shaped bodies.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Soil additives known from the practice of the present invention are nitrogen fertilizer grains which themselves consist of nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers are nitrogen carriers such as urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate. as well as organic nitrogen fertilizers in formamonia and the like. In the known measures, the solubility of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil, the diffusion region of nitrogen in the soil, and the dependence of these quantities on the time and conditions of the environment in the soil are practically impossible. it is possible, with respect to the purely quantitative amount and, to a certain extent, to add portions of nitrogen to the plants by the portion of the split additive, but it is not possible to control the dosages referred to above.

In general, the present situation in the area of plant nitrogen supply can be summarized as follows: For ecological and health reasons, in the cultivation of plants, it is necessary to keep the nitrate content in the plantest lowest in order to prevent the penetration of nitrates into groundwater and their fouling into surface waters, to reduce the use of active ingredients in plant protection / herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and the like / and to prevent soil erosion as much as possible. Furthermore, it is worthy of economic reasons to make optimum use of nitrogen supplied by mineral fertilizers to plants and to reduce nitrogen fertilization techniques from multiply divided doses to a single dose during the growing season, and at exact measurements size of supply according to the needs of the plant. The achievement of these goals is only very limited in the usual type of nitrogen fertilizer fertilization, or the fertilizers are not only distributed over a wide area, but also due to microbial activity in the earthquake also to a large extent to the nitrate. Since nitrate, in contrast to ammonium in the soil, is not only easy to move, but also volatile as a form of nitrogen, not only does it penetrate into groundwater depending on the weathering process, but also enters water drains into the surface waters or denitrification in the soil. KO to atmoshere. Furthermore, due to its mobility, nitrate is not potentially targeted to culture. It is available not only to all plants - cultural plants as well as to the pleva, but also to all soil organisms in the same way as the nitrogen source. The targeted fertilization of crop plants is therefore very limited by the use of conventional fertilization methods, with the consequence that weeds and all soil organisms benefit from nitrogen fertilization as well as crop plants. As a result, we have not only a considerable intense weed growth and extensive use of herbicides to combat it, but also the need to plant plants in the area of non-mineralization of organic matter in the soil. This removes the soil not only from harvesting residues such as straw, stubble, root remnants or other large C / K crops, and thus is most at risk of erosion, but it is taken from soil animals, such as umbrellas, a substantial source of nourishment. Deep pore formation in soils contributes to losses resulting from soil drift after precipitation. Furthermore, it is not possible to keep it

• From • '4' W & i fy. He knows -3- or excess mineralized nitrogen at a time without vegetation-fixing K prior to washing

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a piece of medium in the form of medium spheres in the soil for the supply of nitrogen to the plants, which allows the controlled supply of nitrogen to be avoided.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve this problem, the present invention is directed to soil entraining beads for supplying nitrogen with plants consisting of a solid matrix sufficiently resistant to soil, gypsum, clay, magnesium sulfate, or mixtures thereof, as well as nitrogen fertilizer grains embedded in a solid matrix , as a pore-forming agent, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer grains produce pores of 0.1 to 0.5 mm in size by using a solid matrix. For the matrix forming agent, it preferably consists of carbon black or mainly of gypsum. The size of the addition of the intermediate beads to the soil depends on the plants for which it is to be used, which is mainly governed by the corresponding root structures. According to a preferred embodiment, the medium balls in the soil have a diameter in the range of 15 to 80 mm and the nitrogen content is in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 g. After consumption of the built-in nitrogen fertilizer, the pore volume is preferably 50 to 75%. %. This in turn means that nitrogen fertilizer grains can be incorporated into this range. Resistant to soil, in the context of the invention, it is resistant to the addition of medium beads to the soil as determined, which can be introduced into or otherwise covered with nostalgia. Gypsum marks in frame

The invention of calcium sulphate dihydrate and calcium sulphate-locate, as well as mixtures thereof. Up to 1 s 1 * When working with the addition of medium beads to the soil having the above dimensions, they can have a nitrogen content of 0.5 to 10.0 g nitrogen * Various dyes can be used in the present invention. According to an embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is a substance selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium / magnesium phosphate or mixtures thereof, optionally with urea. The medium ball additives to the soil according to the invention can be further processed into special fertilizers, for example by being added to a mixture of water-conducting substances, e.g. It is also within the scope of the invention that microbially decomposing substances are added to the mixture. As a special fertilizer with very exact controllability of use du-sika contained in the medium medium additive to the soil for | plants in accordance with their growth rate and in accordance with the duration of the cultures, recommends the invention #, to add a purpose-determination rule to add substances from the group to the mixture | nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, growth regulators, systemic plant protection agents, herbicide selectivity, or mixtures thereof. stabilization and can also be arranged in such a way that the addition of the center of the spheres only after a predetermined time acts in the soil in this way. ý t · 'Medium ball additives in the soil can be made very simply. The way in which it works has proved its worth! The first step is to prepare a mixture of finely divided substances of nitrogen fertilizer and optionally additives, phthalate and / or magnesium sulfate and / or clay with a sufficient amount of water and to add the medium beads to the soil. bullet construction. Furthermore, a process has been found to provide a finely divided nitrogen fertilizer and optionally additives, as well as gypsum / magnesium sulphate and / or clay with a sufficient amount of water to form a mixture and to extrude the mixture. adding medium beads to the soil.

Advantages can be seen in the fact that when using the medium additive in the soil according to the invention, the plants can be fed during their entire growing season in accordance with their nitrogen fertilizer growth rate, but according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, istop elements , plant growth regulators, and plant protection agents under ecologically and economically very favorable conditions. The application of nitrogen fertilizer plants may be limited to the actual harvesting of the medium pellets additive to the soil according to the invention. Basically, weed control can be carried out on the basis of a targeted lack of nitrogen. Harvest residues can be retained as a food source for the decubitus in other C / N rats, while the soil can be protected by non-degraded harvesting residues prior to erosion processes.

Soil additives to the soil to influence plant growth are known per se. DE 38 35 526 C1, DE 38 27 179 A1, DE 37 42 328 A1, DE-OS 19 45 108 / and sicer, in the form of medium ball additives, but other buildings and other functions. According to the invention, the dye diffuses from the interior of the beads to their surface. On the basis of the medium additive content of the medium beads to the soil, increasing with time, due to the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen -6 is almost rooted in the plant roots, with the roots of the inferior medium beads. Especially when using nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonia, the plants are pulled out to the top of the medium ball additive. After a relatively short period of time, these beads already dense with a dense net of roots and eliminate further restraints as well as nitrifiers from the evaluation of the nitrogen source. The medium spheres in the soil by the process of the invention provide a nitrogen source which is protected from any loss of nitrogen. Plants regulate the extent of their nitrogen uptake depending on their growth rate. Gypsum as the Most Significant Agent for Adding Matrix to Medium & Beads into the soil are taken up by plants as a nutrient for the sulfur or calcium supply, or they are finely dispersed and mixed with the soil in the subsequent soil treatment by the porosity that has been formed in the meantime. Thus, the following nutrient supply culture is available. EXAMPLES Example 1 49.9 wt. granulated ureas, 0.1 wt. % of finely divided dicyandiamide and 5% by wt. the gypsum is mixed and processed to add medium beads to the soil of 1.0 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. This medium ball additive is deposited about 6.0 inches below the plant parts or in the plant intermediate row. For example, cultures incorporate the medium spheres additive into the soil about 10 to 15 cm alongside the plant about 10.0 cm deep into the soil, in tree or bush cultures, to the extent of spreading their root systems. Example 2 25.0% by weight. granulated ureas, 24.8 wt. ammonium nitrate, 0.2 wt. dicyandiamide and 50% w / w wt. The mixture is mixed together and treated with medium beads into the soil with 0.1 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. Example 3 25.0% by weight. granulated urea, 24.8 wt. 0.2 wt. dicyandiamide, 45.0% by weight; gypsum and 5.0 wt. The crude brown coal is mixed together and processed to add medium beads to the soil with 1.0 to 10.0 g nitrogen. Used as well as under / 1 /. Example 4 25.0% by wt. granulated ureas, 24.8% by weight. NH 4/2 PO 4, 0.2% by weight. dicyandiamide, 25.0% by weight; gypsum and 25.0 phr. the coalite is mixed together and treated in the middle of the medium with 1.0 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. The same as under (1). Example 5 50.0% by wt. granulated ureas, 24.8% by weight. NH 4 H 2 PO 4, 0.2% by weight; dicyandiamide and 25.0% by wt. The gypsum is mixed together and processed to add medium balls of soil with 1.0 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. Used as well as under / 1 /. Example 6 50.0% by weight. granulated ureas, 24.8% by weight of NH4B2PO4, 0.2% by weight. dicyandiamide and 25.0% by wt. The gypsum is mixed together and processed to add beads to the soil with 1.0 to 10.0 g nitrogen. Thereafter, the addition of the intermediate beads to the soil after drying under vacuum is impregnated with the suspension cap oil / clay. Example 7 50.0% by wt. granulated urea, 24.8 wt. KH 2 H 2 PO 2, 0.2 wt. dicyandiamide, and 25.0 g of gypsum are mixed together and treated to medium beads with 1.0 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. Thereafter, a layer of about 1.0 to 2.0 mm of a carbohydrate / mineral / mixture mixture is applied to the medium ball additive in the soil. Example 8 25.0 wt. granular urea, 23.8 wt. KH 2 EpPO 2, 0.2% by weight. diky and iamide, 1.0 wt. hydrogel / Stockp sor 300K and 50.0% by weight. the gypsum is mixed together and processed to add medium beads to the soil with 1.0 to 10.0 g of nitrogen. Used as well as under / 1 /. List of drawings in the drawing

The only drawing shows a cross-section of the medium ball additive into the soil according to the invention, namely a matrix 2, which can consist mainly of gypsum, and a composition for nitrogen fertilizer 2.

This ball can also be rolled out as a construction ball, creating layers that are marked with a dashed line on one part of the drawing.

Claims (9)

f / .y 1. Addition of medium beads to the soil for supplying plant with nitrogen, consisting of a solid matrix sufficiently resistant to soil, of a substance from the group of gypsum, clay, magnesium sulphate or mixtures thereof, as well as from nitrogen fertilizer grains embedded in a solid matrix as a pore forming agent wherein the nitrogen fertilizer grains produce pores of 0.1 to 0.5 mm in the solid matrix by consumption in the soil. 2. The medium spherical additive of claim 1 wherein the diameter of the spheres is in the range of 15-80 mm and the nitrogen content is 0.5-10.0 g. 3. The addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pore volume after the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer grains in the soil is 50 to 75% of the ball volume. 4. Addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer is a substance selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium iodine, ammonium iodine, ammonium / magnesium sulfate or mixtures. of these substances, optionally with the addition of urea. 5. The addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that water-guiding agents in the form of hygromulus and / or hydrogels are admixed. 6. The addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that microbially decomposing substances are added. 7. The addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that substances from the group of nitrification inhibitors, inhibitors of ureas or mixtures thereof are added. -10- 8. The addition of medium beads to the soil according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that growth regulators, systemic plant protection agents, selective herbicides or mixtures thereof are added. 9. A method for producing medium spheres in the soil according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a mixture consisting of grains of nitrogen fertilizers and, optionally, additives, as well as gypsum and / or magnesium sulphate and / or clay with a sufficient amount of water, is produced and the bodies are rolled out as a ball construction. 10. A process for the production of medium spheres in the soil according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer grains and, if appropriate, gypsum and / or magnesium sulphate and / or non-glue with sufficient water is produced and molding bodies.