CS270003B1 - The way of determining tissues and their possible changes - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of determining tissues and their possible changes, e.g. for determining the quality of products or indicating the origin of tissue, which consists in illuminating the transparent tissue sample under examination with short-wave radiation with a wavelength of 10 to 2,000 nm, the radiation transmitted through the tissue sample is concentrated into a focus and the resulting system of elementary points or areas is captured by an indicating element, e.g. photographic film, paper or plate, television camera or screen for evaluation by comparative methods.

Description

The invention relates to a method for determining human, animal, plant tissues and their possible changes, for example for determining the quality of products, identifying the origin of the tissue and the like.

Identification of the origin of the tissue, and thus the organism of the plant, animal, human, plant species, animal, is very problematic, requires many years of experience, age - especially in criminology and forensic medicine - is indispensable.

Diseases of life are related to changes in material arrangement. Disease changes have, in addition to functional, also a morphological side. Excluding regressive, metabolic and progressive changes in the body, changes in inflammation, physical and chemical effects on the organiamus and others, the most important are the morphological changes in tumors. The tumor is the result of locally unregulated tissue growth, it does not fit into the overall structure of the organism. Determining its biological nature is crucial for determining further treatment.

Tumors of different types, eg thyroid gland, follicular, papillary, anaplastic, medullary carcinomas may occur in one organ, while tumors of the same type may occur in different organs, eg tubular adenocarcinoma in the lungs, liver, stomach, intestine, pancreas. One type of tumor can have different biological properties, different degrees of differentiation, from mature, very similar to the starting tissue, to a tumor whose differentiation is lost and the starting tissue cannot be determined. Therefore, the classification of tumors is very difficult. Requires long-term training, evaluators' opinions may differ diametrically.

Evaluation of product quality, eg in the meat industry, agriculture, etc., is still performed visually. This evaluation is Czech-demanding, not accurate and requires a great deal of experience.

. The subject of the invention is a method for determining tissues and their possible changes, which consists in that the examined transparent tissue sample is transmitted by short-wave radiation with a wavelength of 10 to 2,000 nm, and preferably from a light region with a wavelength of 400 to 800 nm, transmitted by the sample. the tissues are concentrated in the focus and the resulting array of elementary dots or areas given by the spatial optical two-dimensional integral transformation is scanned by an indicator member, e.g. a photographic film, paper or plate, television camera or screen for evaluation by comparative methods, e.g.

Each tissue of a certain type also has its typical two-dimensional spectrum / image with a distinct arrangement. This arrangement depends on the type of tissue and on the type and extent of its possible disease changes. The characteristic arrangement is formed essentially by two components - a component corresponding to the individual cells, mainly their nuclei, and a component given by the tissue texture.

On the other hand, the arrangement does not depend on the distribution of different tissues.

When only one cell of the examined part of the tissue has different properties, this is reflected in the image.

Spatial optical two-dimensional integral transformations have properties analogous to the one-dimensional case. The following are just a few: 1. Similarity - the larger the objects, the larger the image.

2. Symmetry - the occupancy is centrally symmetrical, which can be advantageously used for evaluation.

3. The distance from the origin is greater the smaller the elements are displayed.

Each type of human, animal or plant tissue clearly corresponds to the image given by two-dimensional spatial transformation, the typical arrangement of which characterizes the morphological type of tissue, regardless of deviations from the basic standard, if the tissue consists of pathological and normal cells, they are different regardless of their mutual distribution .

When evaluating, it is true that in the image there are contributions of characteristic frequencies of two kinds - on the one hand, higher frequencies, which are the contribution of cells, resp. their nuclei, and on the other hand the frequencies are lower, which are given by the texture of the whole tissue. It is these frequencies that are used to evaluate the type of tissue. In this case, the points closer to the center correspond to the lower frequencies, the points farther away to the higher frequencies, and also to the fact that the image can be rotated, which must be taken into account in the evaluation.

The character of the resulting images gives the assumption that the digitized images of the samples can be evaluated by non-classical methods of pattern recognition based on the use of symmetry, e.g.

CS 270003 Bl using biocomputers, neural networks, etc.

The method according to the invention can be used in the meat industry for quality control of meat, in agriculture for continuous quality control of plants, in the leather industry, e.g. for quality determination of skin, fur, etc.

Furthermore, the invention can be used in criminology and forensic medicine to identify the origin of tissues, as well as in medicine, e.g. for the classification of tumors, etc.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by means of an exemplary embodiment. Example

The invention was verified in an experiment with skin tissue, which was studied in three groups: a / normal skin with a focus on its surface layer - skin, ie epidermis, b / basocellular carcinoma of the skin, starting from the lowest layer of skin bordering on breastfeeding rhinitis - stratum basale, c / squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, arising from the layer that abuts the layer of the basal stratum spinosum.

’Surgically obtained tissue amounts were processed by the usual histological technique by dewatering and paraffin embedding, paraffin sections were stained with Victoria blue.

The experiments did not use the entire optical processor, but only the first part. A lens was inserted into the beam of parallel monochromatic light rays, resp. the lens, between it and its focus then the examined translucent object, ie a transparent object. In the focus, a two-dimensional spatial envelope of the examined object is created, given by the spatial optical integral transformation.

A helium-neon laser emitting red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a tissue cut-off of about 2x2 mm were used for the experiments. In the preparation of the preparation, the blue color was preferred, but it turns out that the contrast is sufficient for any color of the sample. In the focus of the lens, the image was captured by a television camera and displayed on the screen of the monitor from where it was photographed. This arrangement is not a condition for further information processing, but television scanning is more advantageous.

It is also possible to use other wavelengths of shortwave radiation.

Unlabeled samples were visually evaluated by experimenters and all correctly grouped.

Claims (2)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Způsob ' _f 1. Method for determining tissues and their possible changes, for example to determine the quality of products or to indicate the origin of tissue, characterized in that the transparent tissue sample under examination is transmitted by short-wave radiation of 10 to 2 000 nm, the radiation transmitted by the tissue sample is concentrated into the focus and the resulting system of elementary dots or areas is scanned by an indicator member, for example a photographic film, paper or plate, television camera or screen for evaluation by comparative methods. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the sample is transmitted by short-wave radiation in a light region with a wavelength of 400 to 800 nm.