CS267033B1 - Preparation for improvement of wood species' taking root and seedlings' general state of health - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the solution is a means to improve locomotion and overall health of planting stock and forest tree species based on mycorrhizal fungi mobilized in alginet gel, · which contains a pearlite fraction of size particles of 0.125 to 0.500 mm and live, fragmented ectomycorrhizal myoelium fungi selected from the group consisting of LACCARIA LACCATA, PAXILLUS INVOLUTUS ,. SUILLUS LUTEUS, taking the volume ratio the perlite with alginate to mycelium is 1: 1 to 8: 1 and the volume ratio of perlite to alginate is 2: 1 to 1: 1 is preferably formulated as a granulate by extrusion into a calcium chloride solution.

Description

The present invention relates to a composition for the artificial inoculation of forest tree planting material with ectorrhizal fungi, which ensures a higher uptake and growth ability of the seedlings.

At present, a vegetative inoculum (vermiculite with peat overgrown with a pure culture of an ectomycorrhizal fungus) is used in many countries around the world. Its application is complicated in particular by high volume consumption (and therefore also high demands on cultivation spaces) and demanding handling in connection with the removal of the nutrient solution. In recent years, the possibility of using immobilization of microorganisms in a pectin gel has also appeared in the artificial inoculation of woody plants (Kiersten et Bucke 1977, Biotech. Bioengin., 14, 387-397; Le Tacon et al. 1983 Ann. Sci. Forest., 40, 7 -18).

The disadvantages of the vegetative inoculum are eliminated by a composition according to the invention based on mycorrhizal fungi immobilized in alginate gel, comprising a perlite fraction with a particle size of 0.125-0.500 mm and live ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium selected from the group comprising LACCARIA LACCATA, PAX1LLUS 1NV0LLUSE with alginate to mycelium is 1: 1 to 8: 1 and the volume ratio of perlite to alginate is 2: 1 to 1: 1. to a column of 5-50% calcium chloride solution to form consistent granules which, after 0.5-24 hours of exposure to calcium ions, are washed with distilled water, dried at room temperature while initiating internal humidity and stored at 4 ° C.

The main advantages of this granular inoculum stem from a simple production technology with a significantly smaller volume, storability while maintaining the life of the fungus during the growing season and easy and fast application in nurseries with active substrate colonization and the formation of functional mycorrhizae. The mycorrhizal fungus in the granulated inoculum is better protected against drying out and attack by parasitic and saprophytic microorganisms.

The preparation of the granulated inoculum takes place in five stages:

1. not growing mycelia

2. washing and homogenizing the mycelium

3. preparation of alginate paste with mycelium

4. formation of granules in calcium chloride solution 5. washing, drying and storage of granules ad 1) Mycelium is grown in submerged cultures on various liquid broths on shakers or fermenters (corn-steep and reciprocal shaker were used).

ad 2) The mycelium is poured over several liters of distilled water and homogenized in a closed vessel into uniform particles with a size of 1-3 mm.

ad 3) Alginate paste is a mixture of 2% aqueous suspension of sodium alginate (or Agricol, used in forestry as an antidessant for wood root protection), perlite with a particle size of 0.125-0.500 mm and homogenized mycelium. It is formed by mixing a suspension of alginate with perlite in a ratio of 1: 1.5 and adding 1 part of mycelium to 4 parts of the first two components.

ad 4) Extrusion of the alginate paste through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 4 mm into a column of 5% calcium chloride solution forms granules which are exposed to calcium ions for 3 minutes. 5) The granules are washed with distilled water, dried at 22 ° C in a thin layer to surface dry while maintaining internal moisture and stored in polyethylene bottles at 4 ° C.

CS 267 033 Bl? R: the following emergency strains, stored in the collection of the Institute of Microbiology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, are suitable for preparation (there was no reduction in vitality after immobilization):

1. Laccsria laccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Cooke - lacquer varnish (order no. MBÚ ČSAV 761)

2. Psxillus involutus (Batsch ex Fr.) Fr. - Coiled Warbler (ord. no. MBÚ ČSAV 760 '

3. Suillus luteus (L. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray - Common Glider (ord. No. MBÚ ČSAV 51C)

Example 1

The ability of the inoculum to grow mycorrhizae with seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) using the symbionta Laccaria laccata and Scous pine (Pinus sylvestris) with the symbiont Suillus luteus was tested under sterile conditions.

Polyethylene bags with a volume of 250 ml, filled with substrate (peat + perlite - 4: 1) with the addition of Coniferin were sterilized by gamma irradiation and planted with seedlings while inoculating with granules. After 4 months of cultivation, the percentage of mycorrhizae of all short roots of limited growth was determined.

The results summarized in Table 1 demonstrate the ability of the granulated inoculum to form mycorrhizae with seedlings of Norway spruce and Scots pine. No mycorrhizae were found in uninoculated controls. The lower percentage of mycorrhizae formed in inoculated variants is due to unfavorable culture conditions in a sterile environment (Kropáček et al., Proc. 2nd European Symposium on Mycorhizac, Prague 1988).

Example 2

The influence of artificial inoculation on the development of mycorrhizae and equilibrium growth of pine pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) with the symbiont Suillus luteus and seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) inoculated with symbionts Laccaria laccata and Paxillus involutus in a forest nursery. At the same time, the efficiency of vegetative and granular inoculum was compared.

Inoculation with non-sterile prepared granular inoculum takes place just before sowing; p granules are scattered in a dose of 300-1000 ml / m on the beds (or in crates), filled with 2/3 of the substrate (peat + composted bark - 1: 1) with a dose of 0.5 kg / m 2 Cererite fertilizer, partially sterilized Basamide and cover with the remaining third of the same substrate. Sterilization is carried out in piles (200-1000 g Basamide / ml) and after a week of treatment under a plastic film, the substrate is ventilated for 14 days. After the growing season, the percentage of mycorrhizae from all short roots of limited growth and the dry matter ratio of above-ground and underground seedlings were found.

The results shown in Table 2 indicate the importance of the stimulatory function of mycorrhizae formed by means of a granular inoculum for the balanced growth of forest pine and Norway spruce seedlings. With a higher percentage of mycorrhizae in the inoculated variants, the values of the ratio of dry matter of above-ground and underground biomass, characterizing the equilibrium growth of seedlings, decrease. At the same time, the monitored parameters showed a higher efficiency of the granulated inoculum compared to the vegetative inoculum.

The granulated inoculum is intended for inoculation of forest tree planting material with ectomycrhizal fungi during intensive cultivation in nurseries in order to achieve higher

CS 267 033 Further deterioration * and growth ability of seedlings during afforestation was determined with extreme ecoloric po in. ink. «tmi.

Table 1

Development of mycorrhizae in seedlings grown under sterile conditions

VARIANT M (%) Pinus sylvestris Suillus luteus 24.36 Control 0.00 Picea abies Laccaria laccata 18.64 Control 0.00

Table No. 2

Growth characteristics of seedlings grown under semi-sterile conditions

VARIANT Growth characteristics M («) P Pinus sylvestris Suillus luteus 74.18 1,667 th most common Suillus luteus VG 52.76 2,270 th most common The role 42.70 2,390 th most common Picea abies Laccaria laccata 69.21 1,693 th most common Paxillus involutus 63.37 1,724 th most common Control 44.12 2,147 th most common

Legend: M (½) - percentage of mycorrhizae, P - dry matter ratio of above-ground and underground biomass, Suillus luteus VG - inoculation with vegetative inoculum

Claims (2)

A composition for improving the uptake and overall health of forest tree seedlings based on mycorrhizal fungi mobilized in an alginate gel, characterized in that it comprises a perlite fraction with a particle size of 0.125-0.500 mm and a live fragmented mycelium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus selected from the group consisting of LACCAR1A LACCATA, PAXILLUS INVOLUTUS, SU1LLUS LUTEUS, wherein the volume ratio of perlite with alginate to mycelium is 1: 1 to 8: 1 and the volume ratio of perlite to alginate is 2: 1 to 1: 1. 2. A process for preparing a composition according to claim 1, characterized in that a 1-3% aqueous suspension of sodium alginate is mixed with perlite and fragmented mycelium and passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 3-5 mm into a column of 5-50% calcium chloride solution to form consistent granules which are exposed to calcium ions for 10 minutes to 24 hours and further washed with distilled water, dried at room temperature to surface dry while maintaining internal humidity and stored at 4 ° C.