CS261083B1 - Oil for turbocharged diesel engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the solution is an optimal combination of ash and ashless antioxidant additives, as well as other performance additives, which achieves high oxidation stability and detergent-dispersant ability of the engine oil. The engine oil consists of a petroleum base oil produced by selective refining and a combination of the following additives: zinc dithiophosphate, phenolic and amine antioxidants, sulfonates, phenolates and salicylates of alkaline earth metals and succinimides and/or Mannich bases. The solution can be used in internal combustion engines.

Description

The invention relates to a motor oil suitable for turbocharged diesel engines.

For the lubrication of high-performance marine and railway diesel engines, single-stage engine oils of viscosity grades SAE 30 and SAE 40 are mainly used, and for automobile turbocharged engines, multi-stage engine oils of viscosity grades SAE J.0W/30 to SAE 20W/40 are also used. These engine oils consist of a base oil and performance additives and, in the case of multi-stage oils, also a viscosity modifier. Zinc dithiophosphates, which have an antioxidant effect and improve the anti-wear properties of the oil, sulfonates, phenolates, thiophosphonates and salicylates of alkaline earth metals with a detergent function for the removal of impurities and succinimides, which disperse the released insoluble substances. Sulfur oxides formed during the combustion of sulfur fuel are neutralized by detergents with an alkaline reserve.

To ensure reliable lubrication of powerful turbocharged diesel engines, engine oils corresponding to API CD or CCMC D2 specifications are used, which are evaluated on laboratory turbocharged single-cylinder engines Petter AVB and MWM "B ^!l . To ensure the required properties, the above performance additives are added to the engine oils in an amount of 15 to 25%.

The same level of useful properties of engine oil for turbocharged diesel engines can be achieved with a lower total dosage of additives when using an engine oil of the composition according to the invention, the essence of which is the synergistic effect of antioxidant additives.

In order to slow down the oxidation of petroleum oils, two types of additives are used: high-temperature antioxidants of the zinc dithiophosphate type, which act as decomposers of peroxides formed during the oxidation process, and low-temperature antioxidants based on phenols and amines, which act as scavengers of radicals. While zinc dithiophosphate antioxidants are contained in almost every motor oil, low-temperature antioxidants are used in lubricating oils that are less thermally stressed, such as 1-way, hydraulic, transformer and other oils. The motor oil according to the invention consists of a petroleum base oil, produced by selective refining and further refined by hydrogenation or contacting, with an aromatic carbon content of 3 to 12% by weight, with a viscosity index of 75 to 90, preferably 80, and antioxidant additives of the zinc dithiophosphate type in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, preferably

1.2% by weight, of the phenol and amine type, the weight ratio of dithiophosphates to phenols and amines being 1:0.1 to 1:0.6, preferably 1:0.2, of detergent additives: calcium sulfonates in an amount of 0.5 to 8% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight, of calcium phenolates and/or alkaline earth metal salicylates in an amount of 0.5 to 7% by weight, preferably 1 to 3% by weight, of dispersant additives: succinimides and/or Mannich bases in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight, and of a pour point depressant in an amount of 0.3 to 2% by weight. The amounts of additives mentioned refer to industrial products which contain approximately 50% of the active substance soluble in oil.

The advantage of the motor oil according to the invention over motor oils of the same level of useful properties produced by classical additive formulation is a significantly lower dosage of performance additives.

For illustrative purposes, examples of embodiments are provided that document the synergistic effect of a combination of antioxidants.

Example 1

Engine oil for turbocharged diesel engines with viscosity SAE 40 was prepared by adding selectively refined base oil, which had the following properties:

viscosity at 100 °C viscosity index flash point pour point C content _A

13.77 ^mm2 /s 84

254 °C —11 °C

7.9% by weight.

12.5% by mass was used for addition. mixture of ingredients, which consisted of 1.2% by mass. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 0.2 wt.% of methylene-bis-alkylphenol, 0.2 wt.% of alkyldiphenylamine, 1.9% wt. basic calcium sulfonate, 4.8 wt.% of low-base calcium sulfonate, 0.5 wt.% of basic calcium phenolate, 1.6 wt.% of succinimide and 1.5% by mass. polymethacrylate, resulting in an engine oil with the following properties:

viscosity at 100 °C viscosity index flash point pour point ash content TBN

16.20 mm ^a /s 93

246 °C —26 °C 1.17% wt. 7.0 mg KOH/g

The engine oil according to the invention (formulation F) was tested on a Petter AVB turbocharged diesel engine according to IP 279/77 and the results obtained are shown in Table 1. The table also shows the results of tests of the commercial engine oil M9ADSIIM and the reference engine oil (formulation Ej), which do not contain low-temperature antioxidants, or the ratio of antioxidants is different from the oils according to the invention. The comparison oils contain the following dosages of performance additives:

Oil M9ADSIIM:

0.6% wt. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate

6 1

1.9% wt. basic calcium sulfonate

5.3% wt. of low-base calcium sulfonate

0.5% wt. calcium phenolate 1.6 wt.% succinimide

Reference oil:

0.6% wt. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate

1.9% wt. basic calcium sulfonate

4.8% wt. of low base cclfcnate: calcium

0.5% wt. calcium phenolate

1.8 wt% succinimide

0.2% wt. methylene-bis-alkylphenol 0.2 wt.% of alkyldiphsylamine

Table 1

Petter AVB SAE 40 engine oil test results

formulation: oil type: M9ADSIIM commercial E reference F according to the invention 1st groove 3.3 6.3 8.7 2nd groove 7.3 9.0 9.0 3rd groove 9.3 9.1 10.0 1. bridge 8.2 8.9 9.3 2nd bridge 9.3 9.2 9.9 piston jacket 9.9 9.7 9.9 piston bottom 9.0 8.3 9.5 sum (10/7] 78.8 86.4 95.9 M9ADS1IM subphase engine oils have also been subjected to engine invention- examination MWM KD 12E method shown in Table 2. Β κ results are announced-

Table 2

MWM “B” SAE 40 Engine Oil Test Results

type of oil: M9ADSIIM according to the invention 1st groove 21 46 2nd groove 76 97 3rd groove 87 100 1. bridge 51 76 2nd bridge ⁸⁹ 100 J grooves and bridges diameter 64.0 83.9 piston jacket 92 100 piston bottom 58 72

The results of the Petter AVE and MWM “B” engine tests showed that the use of a combination of zinc dithiophosphate additives and phenolic and amine type antioxidants allows achieving CD (Petter AVB min. 5/80 on the 1st groove (sum) and CCMC D2 (MWM “B” min. 65) property levels at a relatively low total dosage of performance additives.

viscosity at 100 °C viscosity index flash point pour point C content _A

11.15 mm7s 84

245°C —10°C

8.3% by weight.

Example 2

Engine oil for turbocharged diesel engines with viscosity SAE 30 hol prepared by adding selectively refined base oil with the following properties:

For additivity, 10.9% by weight of an additive mixture was used, consisting of 1.2% by weight of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 0.1% by weight of methylene-bis-hexylphenol, 0.1% by weight of heptyldiphenylamine, 3.0% by weight of calcium phenolate, 3.5% by weight of succinimide, 2.0% by weight of calcium sulfonate and 1.0% by weight of polymethacrylate, resulting in a motor oil with the following properties:

G 1 O f! 3

viscosity at 100 °C 12.50 ^mm2 /s viscosity index 97 flash point 232 °O freezing point —30°C ash content 1.12% by weight TBN 8.7 mg KOH/g

The engine oil according to the invention (formulation

SD-3) was subjected to the Petter AVB test and the results are shown in Table 3 together with the results of a reference oil which had an identical composition but did not contain low temperature antioxidants of the phenolic and amine type.

Petter AVB SAE 30 engine oil test results

type of oil reference according to the invention 1st groove 2.3 6.6 2nd groove 8.5 9.0 3rd groove 9.5 9.6 1. bridge 8.6 9.3 2nd bridge 9.4 9.3 piston jacket 9.8 9.8 piston bottom 8.5 9.0 sum 80.9 89.4

The results clearly show that using a combination of high- and low-temperature antioxidant additives significantly improves the oxidation stability of engine oil and thus the cleanliness of the most thermally stressed parts of the engine in the area of the first piston groove.

The engine oil according to the invention is particularly suitable for lubricating turbocharged diesel engines, but also for loaded non-turbocharged engines, in which longer oil change intervals can be achieved due to the high oxidation stability of the oils.

Claims (2)

2 G 1 O f! 3 7 8 Viscosity at 100 ° C 12.50 mm2 / s Viscosity index 97 Flash point 232 ° O Pour point -30 ° C Ash content 1.12% w / w TBN 8.7 mg KOH / g The engine oil of the invention (SD-3 formulation) was subjected to the Petter AVB assay and the results are shown in Table 3 together with the reference results. oil, which, however, did not contain low-temperature antioxidants of phenolic and amino type. Test results Petter AVB engine oil SAE 30 type of oil reference according to the invention 1st groove 2,3 6,6 2nd groove 8,5 9,0 3rd groove 9,5 9,6 1st bridge 8,6 9,3 2 bridge 9.4 9.3 piston shell 9.8 9.8 piston bottom 8.5 9.0 total 80.9 89.4 1 The results clearly show that the use of a combination of high and low temperature antioxidant additives greatly improves the oxidation stability of the engine oil and the purity of the most heavily loaded engine parts in the region of the first piston groove. The engine oil according to the invention is particularly suitable for lubricating supercharged diesel engines, but also for retracted non-refillable engines in which longer exchange times can be achieved due to the high oxidation stability of the oils. OBJECT An engine oil for supercharged diesel engines with excellent antioxidant and allergenic properties, characterized in that it consists of a petroleum base oil produced by selective refining, adorafinated by hydrogenation or contacting, containing 3 to 12% by weight of aromatic carbon with a viscosity index of 75 to 90 and from the additions of antioxidant type zinc dithiophosphate in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight. and the phenol and amine type weight ratio of the dithiophosphates to the phenol and the amine is 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.6, preferably detergent as sulfonates vaporized in an amount of 0.5 to 8% by weight, the inventive calcium compounds and / or metal alkali earth salicylates in an amount of 0.5 to 7 wt.%, of succinic imides and / or Mannich bases dispersant in amounts of 1 to 10 wt. and from a thickened depressant in an amount of 0.3 to 2% by weight. 2. An engine oil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it contains zinc dithiophosphates in an amount corresponding to a ratio of di-phosphates to phenols of 1: 0.2, calcium sulphonates of 2 to 6% by weight, phenolates. calcium alkali metal and / or salicylates in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight, succinimides and / or Mannich bases in an amount of 2 to 4% by weight. Severografia, n. P. Plant 7, Most Price 2,40 Kcs