CS257964B1 - Detergent with increased decontamination efficiency and facilitated wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the detergent with increased decontamination efficiency and facilitated purification of the resulting wastewater is the content of 2.5 to 50% of a mixture of anionic surfactants of the soap type and chelating surfactants of the alkylamide type of aminopolycarboxylic acid, preferably ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 10 to 90% by weight of phosphates and/or polyphosphates. The advantage of the new detergent is the fact that with its use it is possible to achieve significantly higher decontamination efficiency both in washing laundry and plastics, and in purifying the resulting wastewater.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a detergent having an improved decontamination capability and facilitating the purification of the waste water produced.

For the washing of radioactive contaminated textiles, commercial detergents are generally used in combination with conventional complexing agents, which are usually oxalic acid, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or salts thereof.

However, there have been some shortcomings in the use of commercial detergents in the practice of radiochemical workplaces. The decontamination factor, that is to say the proportion of total radioactivity of the laundered and laundered laundry or plastic, is insufficient when using conventional complexing agents, so that the part of the laundry that has not been decontaminated must be disposed of as solid radioactive waste. Another problem is the purification of the generated laundry waste water. Using conventional methods for the purification of liquid radioactive waste, summarized, for example, in J. Proost and JP Frognet's Technological progression in the management of radioactive waste, EUR 6 699 EN of 1980 or DP Korosteleva Vodnyj regime, the presence of a combination of anionic surfactants and commercial chelating agents is a total decontamination factor, so cleaning must be repeated, or more complex and costly equipment may be required.

The essence of a detergent with improved decontamination efficiency and facilitated waste water treatment consists in that in addition to any fillers, bleaches, brighteners, antiredeposition and other ingredients present, it contains 2.5 to 50% by weight of a mixture of anionic surfactants of the soap type and chelating surfactant or surfactants. aminopolycarboxylic acid alkylamide, preferably ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 20 to 90% by weight of phosphates and / or polyphosphates, the remaining remaining volume being up to 100% by weight being a mixture comprising at least one of alkaline and neutral simple single electrolytes, natural or a synthetic zeolite, an organic complexone type or salt thereof, an optical brightener, an anti-redeposition agent, and a bleaching agent.

The advantage of the new detergent is that its use can achieve substantially higher decontamination efficiency, both in the washing of laundry and plastics and in the cleaning of the resulting laundry waste water. Other advantages include, in comparison with conventional commercially available detergents, a lower cost and the fact that washing machine foam is reduced.

Example

⁶⁰ Co contaminated fabrics were decontaminated by washing using conventional commercially available detergents with addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt and washing with the detergent of the invention. The value of the decontamination factor Df when using the detergent according to the invention is Df = 250 compared to the Df = 60 achieved with commercial detergents.

The resulting laundry waste water was acidified with sulfuric acid and purified by precipitation of calcium hydroxide slurry with the addition of collectors consisting of ferric chloride and nickel ferrocyanide. The value of the decontamination factor obtained in the treatment of waste water containing a new detergent was at least 2 times higher than that of a commercial detergent and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts.

The aforementioned properties are not affected by the presence of most alkaline and neutral reactants of simple electrolytes, natural or synthetic zeolites, optical brighteners and anti-redeposition agents used at conventional concentrations. Conventional bleaching agents can, in some cases, adversely affect the efficiency of laundry wastewater treatment. Substances of the type of organic complexones and their salts have a positive to zero effect on the decontamination of laundry, but a zero to a negative effect on the treatment of waste water.

Claims (1)

object of the invention Detergent with enhanced decontamination capability and facilitated wastewater treatment, characterized in that, in addition to any fillers, bleaches, brighteners, antiredeposition and other additives present, it contains from 2.5 to 50% of a mixture of anionic surfactants of the soap type and chelating surfactant or alkylamide-type surfactants , preferably ethylenediaminetetraoot and 20 to 90% by weight of phosphates and / or polyphosphates, the remaining remaining volume up to 100% by weight being composed of a mixture comprising at least one substance of the alkaline and neutral reactant type of single electrolyte, natural or synthetic zeolite, an organic complexone or a salt thereof, an optical brightener, an anti-redeposition agent and a bleaching agent.