CS252406B1 - Feed mixture for poultry - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the solution is to ensure a sufficient content of carotenoids in feed mixtures for poultry, especially laying hens, to achieve a favorable yolk color, which is achieved by adding biomass of microscopic green freshwater algae or their lipid fractions to the feed. The feed mixture consists of 25 to 90% by weight of cereals, 3 to 5% by weight of crushed biomass of microscopic green freshwater algae or their lipid fractions, optionally up to 20% by weight of protein concentrate, up to 35% by weight of extracted soybean meal or soybean meal, up to 5% by weight of forage dry matter, up to 5% by weight of feed fat, up to 4% by weight of milk powder and up to 1.5% by weight of biofactor supplements*

Description

The invention relates to feed mixtures for poultry, especially laying hens, enriched with the addition of biomass of green microscopic algae or their lipid fractions.

The addition of seaweed to enrich food with iodides or chlorides for pharmacological reasons is known. The addition of freshwater green algae to increase the carotenoid content is not described.

In the current conditions of large-scale poultry farming, poultry are not supplied with green fresh feed, which, with its high content of carotenoids, would ensure sufficiently intense coloring of the yolks and a natural supply of vitamins. Poultry are supplied with feed mixtures consisting of protein concentrate, extracted soybean meal or soybean meal, cereals, e.g. corn and wheat, biofactor supplements and mineral additives. Furthermore, in some cases, e.g. feed mixtures for breeding chickens, . contain additions of dried pionins in the range from 3 to 5% by weight.

Of all the listed components, only corn contains carotenoids, and only in small amounts, and dried pionins up to a maximum of 0.08% by weight*. For this reason, feed mixtures that do not contain dried pionins, and therefore feed mixtures for laying hens, have only a small amount of carotenoids, which results in a low degree of yolk coloration.

These disadvantages are eliminated by the solution according to the invention, the essence of which is a feed mixture consisting of 25 to 90% by weight of cereals, 3 to 15% by weight of mineral and other feed additives, up to 20% by weight of protein concentrate, up to 35% by weight of extracted soybean meal or soybean meal, up to 5% by weight of forage dry matter, up to 5% by weight of feed fat, up to 4% by weight of milk powder, up to 1.5% by weight of biofactor supplements and is enriched with the addition of biomass of crushed green microscopic freshwater algae or their lipid fractions to feed mixtures, e.g. freshwater green algae Scenedesmus, in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, which ensures sufficiently intense coloration of the yolks due to the appropriate content of carotenoids, which also have significant antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, thereby further increasing the nutritional value of eggs.

Compared to forage dried leaves such as alfalfa, clover, etc., microscopic freshwater green algae are very effective in terms of pigmentation effects because they contain several times more carotenoids per unit of dry biomass than forage. The reason is that the biomass of algae corresponds to the assimilation tissues of higher plants, while the biomass of the above-ground parts of higher plants also contains organs and tissues with a function other than assimilation, i.e. stems, petioles, conductive tissues, etc., which contain much less carotenoids than leaves, as assimilation tissues. In addition, during the production of dried leaves, the leaves are overdried and partially peeled off, which partially degrades the carotenoid content of forage dried leaves.

Microscopic green freshwater algae contain valuable proteins in the dry matter with a high content of essential amino acids in the range from 10 to 50% by weight, which are very well absorbed by the animal organism. They also contain carbohydrates in the range from 15 to 38% by weight and lipids in the range from 17 to 63% by weight. An important component of freshwater green algae are the green pigments chlorophylls, which contain 2% by weight, and the yellow to orange pigments carotenoids, i.e. carotenes and xanthophylls, which contain 0.5% by weight. Microscopic freshwater green algae also contain vitamins that are important for their effectiveness. In addition to vitamin A, there are 7 vitamins of group B and vitamins C, E, K and H - biotin. In addition, these algae contain microbiological elements Mg, P, Ca, Mn, Zn, Co and Cu. - '

When passing through the digestive tract of animals, most of the ca- .

rotenoids from food are broken down into vitamin A, while most xanthophylls are stored unchanged in parts of the animal organism rich in lipids _, such as egg yolk, skin, subcutaneous fat, etc. By changing the content of xanthophylls in the feed mixture, it is therefore possible to influence the resulting pigmentation of animal products, e.g. egg yolk in laying hens, broiler skin, etc.

Microscopic freshwater green algae are a very effective pigmenting additive compared to forage grasses also because most of their carotenoids are formed by pigmentingly effective xanthophylls. For example, in the algae Scenedesmus xanthophylls constitute about 80% of all carotenoids, while in forage grasses the relative proportion of xanthophylls is much lower, for example in alfalfa xanthophylls constitute only about 60% of all carotenoids.

Another reason why microscopic freshwater green algae are more suitable for pigmentation effects than forages is the fact that carotenes are degraded faster than xanthophylls in microscopic freshwater green algae due to drying and subsequent storage, while xanthophylls degrade faster than carotenes in forages. In Scenedesmus algae, the ratio of xanthophylls to carotenes increases from 3.6 to 4.6 after drying and up to 10.6 after 8 months of storage, while the very low value of this ratio in fresh alfalfa, i.e. 1.5, further decreases due to drying to 1.4 and after 8 months of storage to 1.3.

The composition of individual xanthophylls in freshwater green algae is also more advantageous in terms of pigmentation effects than in forage plants. For example, xanthophylls in Scenedesmus algae are made up of 60% lutein and zeaxanthin, i.e. xanthophylls that are deposited in the yolk with 100% efficiency. Neoxanthin, which is deposited in the yolk only by 80%, makes up 13% of Scenedesmus xanthophylls, and violaxanthin, which is not deposited in the yolk at all, makes up 11% of Scenedesmus xanthophylls. On the other hand, alfalfa xanthophylls are made up of lutein and zeaxanthin by only 42%, neolaxanthin makes up even 34% of the total xanthophyll content.

'Another advantage of using microscopic freshwater green algae in poultry feed mixtures compared to dried alfalfa is the homogeneous structure of the dried microscopic freshwater green algae from a mechanical point of view. The solid and metabolically inert parts of alfalfa stems are a problem when feeding mixtures to poultry. This problem does not occur when using algae.

Example 1

Complete mixture for laying hens

Composition in percentage by weight wheat corn extracted soybean meal protein concentrate:

fish meal 0.70 meat and bone meal 1.30 blood meal 0.10 feed yeast 0.80 extracted soybean meal 1.85 blofactor supplements 0.25 mineral feed additive mineral supplement 1.0

- feed limestone 2.9 dicalcium phosphate 3.8, wheat meal, feed wheat flour ' - 1.8 feed salt . 0.5 . microscopic freshwater green algae dried and crushed *

18.0

27.0

35.0

5.0

10.0

5.0

Example 2

Complete mixture with fat content for laying hens

Composition in percentage by weight wheat corn extracted soybean meal feed fat protein concentrate:

35.0

28.0

18.0

2.8

3.0

fish meal 0.7 meat and bone meal 0.8 feed yeast ~ 0.4 extracted soybean meal 1.0 blood meal 0.1 biofactors supplement; milk powder mineral feed additive mineral supplement 0.5 feed calcium 1.7 dipotassium phosphate 2.4 wheat scrap, wheat feed flour 1.1 food salt 0.3

0.2

4.0

6.0 microscopic freshwater green algae, dried and crushed

3.0

25240.6

Example 3

Complete mixture for fattening broilers

Composition in weight percent

wheat 13.0 corn / 12.0 extracted soybean meal 34.0 protein concentrate · 20.0 fish meal .2.8 meat and bone meal 5.2 blood meal 0.4 feed yeast 3.2 extracted soybean meal 7.4 biofactor supplements 1.0' mineral feed additive 10.0. mineral supplement 0.8 feed limestone 3.0 dicalcium phosphate ’ 3.9 wheat groats, wheat flour feed 1.8'. . feed salt .0.5 feather, feather and bone meal 3.0 poultry meal 2.0 feed fat 5.0 microscopic freshwater green algae dried and crushed 1.0

Example 4

Complete mix for raising chickens

Composition in weight percent wheat protein concentrate

89.0

0.5

fish meal - 0.10 meat and bone meal 0.15 feed yeast 0.05 extracted soybean meal ,· 0.15 blood meal - 0.05 biofactor supplement mineral feed additive mineral supplement. 0.3 feed trough ' ,. 0.9 dicalcium phosphate 0.9 wheat groats, wheat flour feed 0^6 food salt 0.3

1.5

3.0 dried forage algae microscopic freshwater green dried and crushed

5.0

1.0

Practical testing of the new feed has proven all the expected benefits. Optimal yolk colouration was achieved with a content of 3% by weight of dried freshwater green algae.

The composition of the mixture according to the invention can be used for breeding laying hens due to the coloring of the yolks and also for breeding slaughter poultry with regard to the possibility of better coloring of their skin.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Compound feed for poultry, in particular laying hens, consisting of cereals, mineral and other feed additives, possibly protein concentrate, soya meal, fodder driers, feed fat, milk powder and biofactor supplements, characterized in that it consists of 25 to 90% wt. 3 to 15 wt. % of mineral and other feed additives 1 to 5 wt. % of biomass of microscopic ground green freshwater algae or their lipid fractions, optionally up to 20 wt. protein concentrate, up to 35 wt. % extracted soya meal or soya meal, up to 5% w / w; fodder dry matter, up to 5% by weight % of feed fat, up to 4 wt. milk powder, up to 1.5 wt. biofactors.