CS252019B1 - A method for producing a synthetic lubricant and / or component - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the solution is a method for producing a synthetic lubricant and/or a component of lubricating oils and lubricants based on a by-product of oxygenated organic matter from the production of cyclohexanone and/or cyclohexanol by oxidation of cyclohexane. The by-product, consisting mainly of esters, hydroxy compounds and carboxylic acids, is condensed by esterification, transesterification and/or polyesterification with at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol C6 to C11, and/or a dihydric to tetrahydric alcohol, while the obtained viscous product is physicochemically treated [by the action of adsorbents, selective hydrogenation or additivity] and/or is divided, most often by film or molecular distillation into two to four fractions. In addition to suitable tribotechnical properties, the synthetic lubricant is well applicable even under difficult climatic conditions due to its low solidification temperatures.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of a synthetic lubricant, in particular a lubricating oil or component, in particular lubricating, petroleum and synthetic oils, sealing oils and greases based on both traditional and novel mixed petrochemical feedstocks.

In addition to modern types of petroleum oils, the importance of synthetic oils is becoming increasingly important in meeting the increasing demand not only for quantity but also for their reliable function under extreme conditions, and for improving their quality for use under normal conditions. These include mainly polyalkylene glycols, respectively. polyalkylethers, oligomers and low molecular weight polymers of alkenes, alkylaromates, polyphenylethers, fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons, polysiloxanes, alkyl esters as well as arylesters of silicic acids, alkyl esters as well as arylesters of trihydrogenphosphoric acid, alkyl esters of monocarboxylic aliphatic and mono-carboxylic acids V .: Lubricants and special oils, Veda, Bratislava 1980).

Of the alkyl esters of the monocarboxylic acids, the esters of the C ₅ to C ₁₀ monocarboxylic acids and the polyols, in particular the neoalkyl polyols, and in particular trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, are of particular importance. Significant monoesters include esters prepared from 2-ethylhexanoic acid and heptanol, as well as 2-ethylhexanol and isooctadecanol. Then from isodecanoic acid and n-hexadecanol, heptanoic acid and isononanol and isotridecanol. The diol ester oils mainly include oil prepared from dipropylene glycol and n-nonanoic acid and pelargonic acid, 1,6-hexanediol with 2-ethylhexanoic, n-nonanoic, isodecanoic and isotridecanoic acids.

Of the tetraol esters, pentaerythritol esters of n-heptanoic, n-octanoic, n-decanoic, zodecanoic and isostearic acids are known. However, there is a shortage of raw material resources, which also prevents wider ester and polyester oil applications. A similar situation applies to the alkyl esters of dicarboxylic aliphatic acids [Hiekman, K. C., Sanford, C.R. Sci. Instr. 1, 140 (1930): Nikoronov Ε. M. et al. teach. trud Vses. naučno-issled. inst. pererab. nefti 42, 66 (1982)] or diester oils. A lubricant based on synthetic ester oils with polyhydric primary alcohols having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and branched monoalcohols having 3 to 18 carbon atoms is disclosed in U.S. Pat. pat. 166 032 and USSR Pat. 561519 are prepared using a mixture of acids formed as a byproduct in the oxidation of a C8-C12 cycloalkane to cycloalkanol and cyclohexanone with an oxygen-containing gas. The acids used, e.g. They are obtained from the cyclohexane oxidation product by washing the reaction product with an aqueous alkaline solution, which is then acidified with a suitable acid, and the carboxylic acids are extracted with a solvent. The preparation of the lubricant is then carried out by esterification.

These processes are complex and utilize only a small fraction of the by-products that are lost in the cycloalkane oxidation.

In accordance with one of the invention, the method of production of a synthetic lubricant and / or a component of lubricating oils, greases, based on a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds, catalyzed or uncatalyzed esterification, transesterification and / or polyesterifikáciou by-product of the oxidation of cyclohexane at least one aliphatic monohydric alcohol, C ₆ to C ₂ 4 and / or a divalent to tetravalent alcohol at a temperature of 80 to 280 ° C such that a mixture of 60 to 98% by weight of cyclohexane is used as a by-product of the oxidation of cyclohexane. esters, hydroxy compounds and carboxylic acids, wherein the viscous product obtained is physically-chemically treated, as a result of adsorbents with subsequent removal, selective hydrogenation, additivation and / or separation, generally under reduced pressure, preferably by film or molecular distillation, to two to two four fractions.

An advantage of the process of the present invention is the technical application of low-tech-economically recovered by-products from cyclohexane oxidation to a wide range of synthetic lubricants or synthetic components of other lubricating oils, lubricants and the like.

The mixture of oxygenated organic compounds allows sufficient flexibility in the way of production both from the point of view of raw materials and the requirements for technical parameters of final products. In addition, the synergistic effect of the individual components on these parameters and, last but not least, the method makes it possible to produce at least two types of synthetic lubricants, or components of lubricating oils, lubricants or sealing oils, practically simultaneously on one production plant.

The oxygenated organic product from the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and / or cyclohexanol consists mainly of monocarboxylic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic, ε-hydroxycaproic and others) and their esters, in particular cyclohexyl, lactones, dicarboxylic acids acids (mainly: adipic, glutaric, succinic and their monoesters and diesters, mainly cyclohexyl), possibly with admixtures of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. By group analysis or functional group analysis of oxygen-containing organic product, the acid number usually results from 230 + 50 mg KOH / / g saponification value = 420 + 25 mg KOH / / g; hydroxyl value = 160 + 60 mg KOH / / g; bromine number = 20 + 10 g Br / 100 g; water = 0.1 to 10 wt% K less than these values may be mainly the hyd252019 roxyl number, the higher the exceptionally the acid number and the saponification number.

Based side oxygenated organic product was dewatered and generally vysokoíekavého organic fraction, b.p. 100 to 240 ^C, usually monocarboxylic acids C, and C / "cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol. optionally, the lower-boiling lactone monocarboxylic acids. It is desirable to at least readily remove the by-product from salts of cobalt and others, whether by ion exchanger treatment. % of active clay, followed by filtration, centrifugation or at least sedimentation.

In the case of the second variant, it is also possible to pre-separate the water. and vyššietekavý moiety and at least some of the salts or directly coupled product catalyzed esterification or nekatalyzvanou, pressíerifikáclou and / or polyesterifikňciou at least one aliphatic alcohol C _i to C _18, such as hexauolora, heptanol. octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, especially, a mixture of the alcohols _R-CH C nxonácie of higher olefins of C ₇ to _C!,), dodecanol, a mixture of alcohol C; to C _n Sefol process, and also alcohols of _C? To C _{2 w} i, for the lack of higher technical-recovery options, and polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated alcohol _C. to C, · ,.

Dvcjmocným. Alcohol according to the present invention is understood to mean ethylene glycol, diethylene ly -col, three to polyethylene glycol, propylene. dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolyaddition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, partially saponified fat or partially esterified glycerol, partially esterified glycerol and pentaerythritol. Among the trivalent alcohols, glycerol and trimethylolpropane are particularly suitable; especially pentaerythritol and pentaerythritol containing dipentaerythritol.

In order to accelerate esterification, pre-esterification and possibly even polyesterification, it is suitable to use catalysts which can be strong mineral acids (trihydrogenphosphoric acid, sulfuric acid), furthermore organic sulfo acids (benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid). Catalysts based on lithium, titanium, tin, antimony, germanium, uranium, manganese and molybdenum are suitable for high selectivity and efficiency, especially at higher temperatures.

During esterification, transesterification and polyester / phosphate, water (from raw materials and reaction), lower alcohols, and other lower volatile components are separated from the reaction mixture, and " sprays " j. compounds which usually form azeotropes with both water and other high volatile components. The most common "entrainer" is a mixture of xylenes, narrower fractions of alkenes and cyclanes and the like.

The esterification, transesterification and polyesterification may be carried out in an inert atmosphere, typically in the presence of nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Similarly, especially from the point of view of the final product, it is appropriate to do the separation of products without oxygen access. The distillation of the products is generally carried out under reduced pressure, preferably by means of a film evaporator / or molecular distillation.

In particular, the production process according to the invention can be carried out in a continuous or semi-continuous manner, but can also be carried out continuously.

Synthetic lubricants (synthetic liquid and greases, oil seals and other specialty oils) can only be exceptionally applied, similar to the known ester or polyester oils, without further additives and treatments. Depending on the intended application, it is suitable to add known refining additives, such as antioxidants, metal deactivators, detergents and dispersants, anticorrosive agents, antifoams, emulsifiers and the like. In addition, they can be combined with both petroleum and other synthetic lubricants ml.

Further details as well as further advantages of the process of the present invention will be apparent from the examples.

Example 1.

Weigh 1,450 g of by-products - cyclohexane oxidation by-products, weighing in a 4 dm ³ glass flask equipped with a thermometer and a water-cooled condenser, with the following analysis: acid number - 269.2 mg KOH.g ^-1 ; saponification number = 416.2 mg KOH.g ^-1 ; hydroxyl value = 188.1 mg KOH.g ^-1 ; density at 20 degrees Celsius = 1137 kg. m ^-3 . Then 970 g of 2-ethylhexanol and 5.0 g of sulfuric acid catalyst. While purging the reaction mixture with nitrogen in an amount of 65 dm ³ , h ^-1 , the contents of the flask were heated with an electric cooker. The esterification starts mainly at a flask temperature of 150 ° C. The water from the residues together with the reaction water is condensed in a water cooler. The esterification lasts 8 h and ends at a reaction solution temperature of 205 ^° C. During the esterification, 530 g of water are released. From the crude reaction product, 180 g of unreacted 2-ethylhexanol was distilled off under reduced pressure (1.3 kPa), which was further used for esterification.

The 1,620 grams esterification product is then distilled in a laboratory molecular cdpark under 3 Pa vacuum. First, the 240 g front fraction distills off at a temperature of up to 130 ° C, the second fraction, which is the product itself - the ester oil - is obtained in an extract at a temperature of up to 190 ^° C by 800 g. The distillation residue weighed 570 g.

The obtained second fraction - a sweet yellowish ester oil - has excellent theological properties at low temperatures.

019

252

Physical properties of fraction 2:

kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C = kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C - = viscosity index = dynamic viscosity at -20.6 ° C - at -29.6 ° C = flash point = pour point = carbonization residue =

This synthetic ester oil is well miscible with both petroleum oil and gasoline. It is also a suitable component of semi-synthetic oil for two-stroke engines and multygrade oils.

Distillation residue with freezing point —34 degrees Celsius does not mix with water, separates it well, is heavier than water. It is also suitable as a sealing oil for gas tanks.

Example 2

The esterification is carried out under similar conditions to Example 1 but in a pilot plant. In a 300 dm ³ stainless steel boiler equipped with an anchor stirrer, a steam heater, a nitrogen inlet and a water cooler, weigh 80 kg of the by-product of cyclohexanone of analytical performance as in Example 1, 54 kg of 2-ethylhexanol and 0.3 kg. kg tetrabutyltltanátu. The reaction lasted 9.5 hours at a maximum temperature in the esterifier of 198 ° C and 30 kg of water were distilled off. The reaction product is then distilled under vacuum to separate unreacted 2-ethylhexanol. After 2-ethylhexanol was distilled off, the ester mixture obtained was distilled off on a pilot plant molecular evaporator with a capacity of 5 dm ^{3 of} distillate per hour.

The fraction yield is as follows: 1. A 13.5 kilogram fraction under the conditions of Example 1; 2. fraction 45.0 kg; distillation residue 31.5 kg. The obtained second fraction - ester oil - had a flash point of 158 ° C; a pour point below - 55 ° C and, in addition, physical properties similar to those of Example 1.

Example 3

The esterification is carried out by a continuous procedure in a glass laboratory column with a free volume of 0.5 dm ³ , which is connected via a bottom part to a 2-liter flask with a top part to a water cooler. 40 gh ^{-1 of by-} products, isolated mainly as distillation residues from the production of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol with the properties as in example 1, are pumped into the central part of the column esterifier equipped with a heating jacket with recirculation of the thermal carrier, filled with ceramic Rashig rings. -ethylhexanol in an amount of 18

9.940 mm ² . s “ ^t ;

3.192 mm ² . s ^- ';

90;

350 mPa. with;

270 mPa. with;

160 [deg.] C .;

below -55 ° C;

0.39 wt.

gh “ ^L. Before pumping of both components, the esterification jacket is heated to 195 ° C by circulating a heated Dubotherm heat carrier and nitrogen is introduced into the bottom of the column, which enters the cooler from the top of the column. The column reactor undergoes esterification, whereby the reaction product - essentially a mixture of 2-ethylhexyl esters, mono-, and dicarboxylic acids - flows to the flask and the water vapor together with the nitrogen flows continuously through the top of the column to a condenser where water condenses and nitrogen goes to the offgas.

The continuous esterification product is subjected to molecular evaporation distillation to obtain fractions in the following ratio: 1. fraction 13.5% by weight; a distilled product; 2nd fraction - own ester oil - 52 wt%; 31.5 wt. The molecular distillation conditions are set forth in Example 1.

Example 4

The procedure is as in Example 3, only the infeed point 18 gh ^-1 of 2-ethylhexanol, the mixture of side products from the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by oxidizing cyclohexane with a mixture of esterified fatty primary alcohol isomers C and _{J 3} C | 4 made from the oxo process of olefins _Cn to C ₁₃ , coming from the dehydrogenation of n-alkenes C and C _th | ₃ . Aliphatic alcohols, C _{J 2} and _{J 4} are C in a continuous esterification dosed in an amount of 27 gh ^-1. obtained

Fraction 1 constitutes 9.8% by weight; Fraction 2 - own ester oil - 55 wt. and a distillation residue of 35% by weight, which in turn is a suitable component in greases. Molecular distillation conditions:

Fraction I up to 135 ^c / 4 Pa

II. fraction up to 194 ° C / 4 Pa.

Example 5

The procedure is similar to Example 3, only. By-products from the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclobexanol / cyclohexanone instead of 2-ethylhexanol are esterified, respectively. diesterify with 11 gh ^-1 propylene glycol. From the crude product, unconverted propylene glycol and water-soluble fractions are washed with water, and after drying, the crude product is distilled under reduced pressure to a film evaporator, followed by molecular distillation at 3 Pa. 61% by weight of the washed crude product was distilled off. up to 197 ° C ester oils and the distillation residue is a suitable component of the duty grease.

Example 6

In a glass, four-necked flask containing 4 ^dm:! weighing 1 450 g of by-products - — distillation residues from the manufacture of cyclohexanone and / or cyclobexanol with the specification: acid number = 269,2 mg KOH / g, saponification number 416,2 mg KOH / g , hydroxyl value - 156.2 mg KOH / g, density at 20 ^° C = 1137 kg / m -1.

970 g of 2-ethylhexanol, 10 grams of tetrabutyl titanate are then added. The esterification is carried out at a temperature of 110 ^° C to 205 ^° C, the main reaction at 180 ° C to 205 ° C for 8 hours. 1,885 g of product and 535 g of water are obtained, containing a small amount of soluble low molecular weight compounds.

885 g of product are placed in a 5 L rotary autoclave, 60 g of hydrogenation catalyst, Ni, NiO on Al ₂ O are added _{: the 1} autoclave is sealed and hydrogenated to a pressure of 150 atp. The hydrogenation refining is carried out at 150 ° C for 3 hours. The catalyst is filtered off from the product obtained and passed through a column of freshly activated cation exchange and anion exchange mixtures.

Hydrogenation refining reduces the bromine value of the product from the flood of 15.1 Br ·, 100 g to 2.5 g Bin / 100 g.

170 g of unreacted 2-ethylhexanol are distilled off under reduced pressure (1.3 kPa) from the product after hydrotreating and ion exchange purification. The residue of 1580 g is then distilled on a laboratory molecular evaporator at 4 Pa.

The first fraction obtained at duty 132 0 at 200 g, the second fraction above 104 ^{degrees C} in an amount of 790 g third fraction (residue; in an amount of 590 g.

The second fraction has the following properties: acid number 1.7 mg KOH / g, saponification number 308.1, hydroxyl value 3.0 mg KOH / / g, kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C 9.939 mm ^-1 , bromine number 1.8 g _Br2 / 100 g, metal content <0.01% by weight. n _P ^ai = 1.45, d ²⁰ = 978 kg / m ³ , kin. viscosity at 20 ° C 30.9.10 · m ² · s ^-1 .

It was used in a blend with petroleum oil for high-temperature two-stroke engines (20 wt% + 80 wt% petroleum oil) with the following characteristics:

viscosity of 11 mm ^2/8 Viscosity index 110 200 Flash point C ash content of 0.2% by weight.

The distillation residue is a very viscous product, suitable as an open-gear lubricant or as a gasket oil for gas tanks. Addition of 0.1 wt. mercaptobenzimidazole as a metal trap.

Example 7

Four-necked flask to a volume of 2 dm ^3, fitted with a stirrer, temperature controller, and an inert gas inlet, the weigh 1 200 g of the distillation residue cyclohexane oxidation (acid value - 269 mg KOH / / g, saponification value = 416.2 mg KOH / g; OH number = 162 mg KOH / g; bromine number = -20.9 g Br / 100 g; water = 6.4 wt.%), 250 g 2-ethylhexanol and 1.5 wt. tetrabutyl titanate. Esterification and polyesterification at a temperature of about 200 ^° C for 8 h affords a dark-colored ester, respectively. polyester with an acid number of 4 mg KOH / g; saponification number 431 mg KOH / g and hydroxyl number 7 mg KOH / g. This product is well mixed with PP-7 gear oil in a 1: 1 weight ratio.

900 g of this product are distilled on a laboratory molecular evaporator at 3 Pa to give 3 fractions.

The first fraction at a temperature of up to 125 C - 130 grams

The second fraction at duty 185 ^y C - - 480 g

Third fraction (residue) 280 g

The second fraction has an acid number of 3.1 mg KOH / g, a saponification number of 425 mg KOH / g and a hydroxyl number of 7.6 mg KOH / g.

Example 8

From the by-products of the manufacture of cyclohoxanone and cyclohoxanoline cyclohexane oxidation, consisting mainly of valeric acid, isovaleric acid, cuprionic acid and ε-heptiroxycproponic acid, glniaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid as well as their cyclohexyl esters, other than the other KOH / g, saponification number - ----- 404.5 mg KOH / g, bromine number 25 g Br -, / 100 g,% by weight hydroxyl groups - = 0.0% by weight% by weight - 9 (5%, pnpol - 0.45% w / w) was prepared as described in Example 1 by Π fraction of ester oil having the following properties:

kinetic viscosity at 50 ^° C - = 11.84 mm ¹ .

. s @ ^-1 and at 100 DEG C. = 3.60 nm @ ^-1 ; flash point = 184 ^° C; pour point - == below -50 ° C; density at 20 ^J C ~ 966

2 kgm ~ ³ ; saponification number = 304 mg KOH / / g; bromine number = 12.5 g Br / 100 g; OH group content = 1.9 wt.

This ester oil is suitable as a base for a very high viscosity index buffer oil and special hydraulic oils characterized by very low viscosities at low temperatures.

In another variation, a mixture consisting of 20 wt. % Of the ester oil fraction and 80 wt. petroleum raffinate or petroleum oil having a viscosity of 6 to 20 mm ² . s- ^L at 100 ° C with properties: viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius = 4-16 mm ² .s ^-1 ; viscosity index = 80-120; flash point = ~ 180-250 ° C; pour point = -10 to -30 ° C; carbonization residue = 0.01 to 0.5 wt.

This ester oil serves as a basis from which oils can be prepared for two-stroke gasoline engines or for four-stroke gasoline and diesel engines by addition of additives.

Example 9

By-products, distillation residues from the production of cyclobexanone and / or cyclohexanol, as specified in Example 1, with continuous hydrogenation on a Ni, NiO scaffold catalyst to Al ₂ O _{2 :} hydrogenated at 150 ° C and 150 etc., the unsaturated compound are removed and the bromine number of the product decreased from 22 g _Br2 / 100 g to 2.7 g Br / 100g. By passing the dark product through a mixed ion exchanger column (Katex + anion exchange resin) at 90 ° C, the metals present are removed from 0.08% by weight. to max. 0.008 wt. and the color of the product is reduced to a 7 ° Hazen scale.

From the by-products so treated, azeotropic distillation of water in the form of an azeotrope with xylene (4% by weight, per product) is removed.

Then, the four-necked flask of 4 ^dm3 charged 1500 g of the purified by-product of acid value 246.0 mg KOH / g, a saponification value of 400.2 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl value 180 mg * KOH / g, a water content of 0 , 1 wash. wt., bromine number of 2.7 g Br _2/100 g, was added 7.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 150 g of pentaerythritol. Esterification and preestirification are carried out as described in Example 1, at 190 ° C for 26 h.

The product obtained is 1417 g (acid number 4,6 mg KOH / g, saponification number 393 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl value 26,2 mg KOH / g, d ₄ ^{21i (1} = 1,123 g / cm ³ , viscosity 6, 1.9 Pa, (distilled at 50 ° Cj on a laboratory molecular evaporator at 3 Pa for two fractions:

The first fraction at a temperature of up to 200 ° C - 850 grams

Second fraction (residue) - 650 g

The first fraction has the following characteristics: acid number of 2.0 mg KOH / g, saponification value 382 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl value 35 mg KOH / g, 2.5 g bromine number Br _2/100 g and a viscosity at 50 for 3, 4 Pas.

This fraction is well blended with PP-7 gear oil in a 1: 1 weight per weight, with an addition of 0.1 wt. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as an antioxidant is a suitable component of this oil. The second fraction (residue) is a liquid having a viscosity of 450 mm ² s ^-1 at 100 ° C and is suitable as an open-gear lubricant, preferably using 0.2 wt. calcium sulfonate as a corrosion inhibitor.

SUBJECT

Claims (4)

25 2 11 kgm ~ 3; saponification number - 304 mg KOH // g; bromine number - 12.5 g Br / 100 g; OH content = 1.9 wt. This ester oil is suitable as a base for very high viscosity index oil and especially hydraulic oil characterized by very low low temperature viscosities. In another variation, a mixture consisting of 20 wt. II ester oil fractions and 80 wt. a petroleum raffinate of a boronic oil having a viscosity of 6 to 20 mm 2. at 100 ° C with properties: viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius = 4-16 mm2.s_1; visco-index = 80-120; flash point = ~ 180 - 250 ° C; pour point = -10 to -30 ° C; carbonization residue ==; 0.01 to 0.5 wt. This ester oil serves as a base by which the addition of additives to the two-stroke gasoline engines or four-stroke petrol and diesel engines can be achieved. EXAMPLE 9 Byproducts, distillation residues of cyclohexanone and / or cyclohexanol, specified in Example 1, with continuous hydrogenation on a Ni, NiO skeleton catalyst to A12O. hydrogenate at 150 ° C and 150, etc. to remove unsaturated compounds, and the bromine number of the product dropped from 22 g Br 2/100 g to 2.7 g Br / 100 g. Passing the dark product through a mixed ion exchange column (Ka-tex + anion exchange resin) at 0 ° C, the metals are removed from 0.08% by weight to a maximum of 0.008% by weight and the product color is reduced to 7 ° Hazen scale, and the xylene azeotrope is removed by azeotropic distillation from the treated by-products 1912. 1500 g of purified byproduct having an acidity value of 246.0 mg KOH / g, 400.2 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl number 180 mg KOH are then introduced into a 4 dm3 four-necked flask. (g), water content 0.1% by weight, bromine number 2.7 g Br2 / 100 g, 7.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 150 g of pentaerythritol are added, and the esterification and pretreatment is carried out as described in Example 1 , at 190 ° C h. 1417 g of product obtained (acid number 4.6 mg KOH / g, saponification number 393 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl number 26.2 mgKOH / g, d42 (1 = 1.123 g / cm 3, viscosity 6.19Pa) , (at 50 ° C) is distilled on a laboratory molecular evaporator at a pressure of 3 Pa for dvefraction: First fraction at up to 200 ° C - 850grams Second fraction (residue) - 650 g The first fraction has the following characteristics: acid value 2.0 mg KOH g, saponification number 382 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl number 35 mgKOH / g, bromine number 2.5 g Br 2/100 g and viscosity at 50 ° C 3.4 Pas. This fraction is well mixed with the PP-7 gearbox in a 1: 1 weight ratio with the addition of 0.1% by weight. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as an antioxidant additive is a suitable component of this oil. The second fraction (residue) is a liquid having a viscosity of 450 mm2.s -1 at 100 ° C and is suitable lubricant for open gears, preferably 0.2 wt. sulphonate calcined as a corrosion inhibitor. P REDMET A process for producing a synthetic lubricant and / or a lubricating oil component, a lubricant, a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds, catalyzed or non-catalytic esterification, transesterification and / or polyesterification of a by-product of cyclohexane oxidation with at least one aliphatic monovalent alcohol to C24 and / or divalent to tetravalent alcohols at 80 DEG-280 DEG C., characterized in that 60 to 98% by weight of esters, hydroxyl compounds and carboxylic acids are used as the by-product of the cyclohexane oxidation; The viscous product obtained is sapphysically-chemically treated, as a result of the adsorbents, followed by their removal, selective hydrogenation, additivation and / or separation, typically in two to four fractions, at reduced pressure, preferably film or molecular distillation. THE INVENTION 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the two to four separate fractions are treated, depending on the final application, by additivation, preferably by antioxidant, detergents, dispersants, stabilizers, anticorrosive additives, antifoams. and viscosity modifiers. 3. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the by-product organic oxygen is freed from water and / or from organic matter with a boiling point of up to 240 [deg.] C. prior to condensation. 4. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary oxygenated organic product, and / or the ester and / or the polyester produced is freed from at least a substantial part of the metal compounds by the action of ion exchangers, active clays. , followed by separation, filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation.