CS248989B1

CS248989B1 - Device for electro-spark machining of rotating workpieces with larger diameter

Info

Publication number: CS248989B1
Application number: CS597784A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Jozef Kunc; Ladislav Senecky; Jan Nemec
Original assignee: Jozef Kunc; Ladislav Senecky; Jan Nemec
Priority date: 1984-08-06
Filing date: 1984-08-06
Publication date: 1987-03-12
Also published as: DE3528195C2; DE3528195A1; GB8519657D0; SE8503560L; GB2162781B; GB2162781A; FR2568507A1; SE8503560D0; FR2568507B1; DD259744A3

Abstract

In an electro-spark machining device supports 6 for electrode tools 5 are fixed to independent self-contained feed units. The supports are seated pivotably in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece and slidingly in a plane parallel to the axis of the workpiece. The gap 2 between tool electrodes 5 on a support 6 is the same as or larger than the thickness of the tool electrodes. <IMAGE>

Description

Vynález sa týká riešenia pre elektrojiskrové obrábanie rotačných obrobkov váčšieho priemeru, například valcov válcovacích stolíc.The invention relates to a solution for electro-spark machining of larger diameter rotary workpieces, for example roll mill rolls.

Elektroiskrové obrábanie kovových materiálov nachádza v technickej praxi stále výraznejšle uplatnenie pre niektoré svoje výhody. Jednou z uvedených jeho přednosti je schopnost vytvárať povrch bez charakteristických rýh po obrábani ako je tomu například pri konvenčnom trieskovom obrábani, alebo brúsení. Elektroiskrove obrobený povrch sa vyznačuje neorientovanou štruktúrou vzájomne sa prekrývajúcich jamok a výstupkov zvolenej drsnosti, ktorý sa s výhodou používá například pri finálnom obrábaní činnej časti valcov určených pre valcovanie hlbokoťažných a karosářských plechov.Electro-spark machining of metallic materials is becoming increasingly used in technical practice for some of its advantages. One of its advantages is its ability to form a surface without characteristic grooves after machining, such as in conventional chip machining or grinding. The electro-spark machined surface is characterized by an undirected structure of overlapping holes and projections of selected roughness, which is preferably used, for example, in the final machining of the active part of rollers intended for rolling deep-drawing and body plates.

Válce obrobené elektroiskrovo umožňujú při výrobě plechov zmenšit' výrobně odchýlky, zlepšit ich pretváratelnosť pri lisovaní, zlepšit přilnavost náterov a kvalitu konečného prevedenia ich povrchových úprav vo vyššom stupni než válce obrobené inak, například otryskáváním.Cylindrical machined electro-sparks make it possible to reduce manufacturing deviations in sheet metal production, improve their deformability during compression, improve the adhesion of the coatings and the quality of their finishes to a higher degree than the rolls machined otherwise, for example by blasting.

Na uvedenom principe elektroiskrového obrábania sa postavili viaceré obrábacie stroje, pomocou kterých sa obrobili válce s vynikajúcou rovnomernosťou kvality povrchu a u ktorých sa volbou elektrických parametrov pri obrábaní dá jednoducho riadiť tiež drsnost povrchu v širokom rozsahu. Významným prínosom uvedenej metody je tiež skutočnost, že pri elektroiskrovom obrábaní sa spravidla súčasne zlepšuje i valcovltosť a kruhovitost valcov, čo znižuje toleranciu vyvalcovaných plechov a percento nepodarkovitosti vývalkov, vyplývojúce z nedodržania geometrického tvaru a vzhladu vale®.Several machine tools have been built on the principle of electro-spark machining, by means of which cylinders with excellent uniformity of surface quality have been machined and in which the surface roughness can also be controlled over a wide range by the choice of electrical parameters during machining. An important benefit of the method is also the fact that the electro-spark machining generally also improves the cylindricality and roundness of the cylinders simultaneously, which reduces the tolerance of rolled sheets and the percentage of rolling stock resulting from non-compliance with the geometric shape and vale® appearance.

Napriek uvedeným výhodám má technológia elektroiskrového obrábania valcov u známých zariadení niektoré nevýhody. Je to například relativné nízká produktivita obrábania obmedzená v podstatě malou požadovanou drsnosťou povrchu, ktorá limituje energiu jednotlivých elektrických impulzov privádzaných na nástrojové elektrody počas obrábania. Uvedený nedostatok vystupuje zvlášť do popredia u rozměrnějších obrobkav, ktorých dížka i obvod sú nad hranicu 1 000 mm. Ďalej je to predlžovanie strojného času, sposobené nedokonalým ustavením viacerých elektrod, používaných pri obrábaní. Prvý nedostatok je u doteraz známých zariadení čiastočne kompenzovaný takzvaným viackanálovým obrábaním. Je to v podstatě súčasné obrábaníe viacerými elektródami, upevněnými odizolované v spoločnom nosiči automaticky posúvanou do záběru spoločným servomechanizmom a napájenými z viacerých samostatných prívodov prúdu z generátore elektrických impulzov. Ani uvedené opatrenie nevedie k · výraznému zvyšovaniu rýchlosti obrábania, nakolko případný chybový, například skra tový stav jednej zo společné upevněných elektród vedie k súčasnému oddialenlu ostatných, ktoré . majú normálně priaznivé podmienky pre plynulé obrábanie.In spite of the above-mentioned advantages, the electro-spark machining of rollers has some disadvantages with known devices. For example, it is the relatively low machining productivity limited by the substantially low surface roughness required that limits the energy of the individual electrical pulses applied to the tool electrodes during machining. This deficiency is particularly prominent in the case of larger workpieces whose length and circumference are above 1000 mm. Further, it is the lengthening of the machine time caused by the imperfect alignment of several electrodes used in machining. The first drawback in the prior art devices is partially compensated by so-called multi-channel machining. It is essentially a simultaneous machining of multiple electrodes mounted stripped in a common carrier automatically shifted into engagement by a common servomechanism and powered from a plurality of separate power supplies from an electric pulse generator. Nor does this measure lead to a significant increase in the machining speed, since a possible fault, for example a short-circuit condition of one of the jointly fixed electrodes leads to a simultaneous spacing of the others. normally have favorable conditions for continuous machining.

Druhý nedostatok známých riešení vyplývá z obsažnosti ustavenia viacerých elektrod, upevněných v spoločnom nosiči do' polohy, čo možno těsného susedstva s obrábaným povrchem, aby sa hned od ztó.iatku obrábania uplatnil priaznivý vplyv vtáckanálového obrábania. Nedokonalé ustavetile elektrod má za následok dočasné vyradenie od povrchu obrobku vzdialenejších elektrod z činnosti až do doby, kedy sa blízké elektrody dostatečné epotrebia a umožnia s oneskorením plynulé obrábanie všetkými v jednom nosiči upevněnými elektrodami.A second drawback of the known solutions results from the inherent positioning of several electrodes mounted in a common carrier in a position, possibly adjacent to the surface being machined, in order to exert a favorable effect of multi-channel machining immediately from the very beginning of machining. The imperfect positioning of the electrodes results in a temporary disengagement from the workpiece surface of the more distant electrodes until the nearby electrodes have sufficient wear and allow a sustained machining of all the fixed electrodes in a single carrier with delay.

Výššie uvedené nedostatky v podstatné} miere zmierňuje zariadenie pre elektroiskrové obrábanie rotačných obrobkov vačšieho priemeru podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstatou je, že nosiče s nástrojovými elektrodami sú připojené na autonomně posuvové jednotky. Medzera medzi nástrojovými elektródami je rovnaká, alebo· vačsía, ako je hrubka nástrojovej elektrody. Podstatou vynálezu je aj to, že držiak nosiča je pevne uchytený prostredníctvom nosníka na tyčiach, valivo· uložených vo vedeniach a připojených na posuvové jednotky. Do· podstaty vynálezu patří aj to, že držiak je pevne uchytený na kyvných pákách, uložených pod obrobkom. Horné konce kyvných pák sú tiahlami připojené na posuvové jednotky. Podstata vynálezu spočívá aj v tom, že držiak je pevne uchytený na pákách, ktorých horné konce sú pevne spojené so spojovacími tyčami, spojenými ozubenými segmentami, ktoré sú v ozubenom zábere s posuvovými jednotkami. Do· podstaty vynálezu patří aj to, že spojovacie tyče sú opatřené hornými čapmi s excentrom pre jemne výšková stavatelnosť držiaku. Spojovací® tyč je opatřená fixačnou poístnou skrutkou.The aforementioned drawbacks are substantially reduced by the apparatus for electro-spark machining of larger diameter rotary workpieces according to the invention, in which the tool electrode carriers are connected to autonomous feed units. The gap between the tool electrodes is equal to or greater than the thickness of the tool electrode. It is also an object of the invention that the carrier holder is fixedly fixed by means of a carrier to the bars, the roller mounted in the guides and connected to the feed units. It is also an object of the invention that the holder is fixedly attached to the rocker levers located below the workpiece. The upper ends of the rocker levers are connected to the feed units by pull rods. It is also an object of the invention to hold the holder firmly on levers, the upper ends of which are rigidly connected to connecting rods connected by toothed segments, which are in toothed engagement with the feed units. It is also an object of the invention that the connecting rods are provided with upper pins with an eccentric for fine height adjustment of the holder. The connecting rod is provided with a fixing bolt.

Zariadením pre elektroiskrové obrábanie rotačných obrobkov vačšieho priemeru sa docieli zjednodušenie obrobenia povrchu, najma velkorozměrových obrobkov, zvýšenia produktivity obrábania. Výhodou je aj úspora elektrickej energie v dosledku zlepšeni® regulácie procesu obrábania a zníženia počtu neproduktívnych skratov medzi nástrojovými elektrodami a obrobkom.The device for electro-spark machining of rotary workpieces of larger diameter will facilitate the machining of the surface, especially large-size workpieces, and increase the productivity of machining. The advantage is also the saving of electric energy as a result of improving the control of the machining process and reducing the number of unproductive shorts between the tool electrodes and the workpiece.

Na připojených výkresoch sú znáozrnené tri příkladné riešenia zariadenia, kde na obr. 1 je nakreslený priečny rez zariadenia s dvoma priamočiarymi vodiaciml mechanizmami, na obr. 2 · je nakreslený priečny rez zariadenia s dvoma výkyvnými vodiacimi mechanizmami pod obrobkom, na obr. 3 je nakreslený priečny rez zariadenia ® výkyvným vodiacim mechanizmom vedla obrobku, na obr. 4 je nakreslený pozdížny rez cez nosič nástrojových elektrod a na obr. 5 je priečny rez cez stavatelné čapy prevedenia s výkyvným vodiacim mechanizmom.Three exemplary embodiments of the apparatus are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device with two linear guide mechanisms; FIG. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a device with two pivoting guiding mechanisms under the workpiece; 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device ® by the pivoting guiding mechanism next to the workpiece; FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through the tool electrode carrier, and FIG. 5 is a cross-section through adjustable design pins with a pivoting guide mechanism.

Zariadenie pre elektroiskrové obrábanie rotačných obrobkov, vačšieho priemeru pozostáva z vane 3 (obr. 1), nad ktorou je otočne uložený obrobok 1 tak, že jeho dolná časť je ponořená v dielektrickej kvapaline 4 nachádzajúcej sa vo váni 3. Pod obrobkom 1 v dielektrickej kvapaline 4 sú umiestnené dva nosiče 6. Na každom nosiči 6 sú ma elektroizolačnej vložke 7 uložené štyri nástrojové elektrody 5, aby medzi nimi bola zabezpečená medzera 2. Nosič 6 nástrojových elektrod 5 je na oboch koncoch opatřený patkami 8, v ktorých sú naskrutkované skrutky 9 a prostredníctvom skrutiek 9 sú nosiče 6 uložené v drážkách 11 držiaka 10. Držiak 10 je pevne uchytený na nosníkoch 17 nalisovaných na tyčiach 18. Tyče 18 sú valivo uložené prostredníctvom guliek 20 vo vedeniach 19. Na tyče 18 sú připojené posuvové jednotky 16.The apparatus for electro-spark machining of rotary workpieces of larger diameter consists of a tub 3 (Fig. 1) above which the workpiece 1 is rotatably mounted so that its lower part is immersed in the dielectric liquid 4 present in the tub 3. Under the workpiece 1 in dielectric liquid 4, there are two carriers 6. On each carrier 6, four tool electrodes 5 are placed on the insulating insert 7 to provide a gap 2 therebetween. The tool electrode carrier 5 is provided at both ends with feet 8 in which screws 9 and 8 are screwed. By means of the screws 9, the carriers 6 are mounted in the grooves 11 of the holder 10. The holder 10 is fixedly fixed on the beams 17 pressed onto the rods 18. The rods 18 are roller mounted by balls 20 in the guides 19. The feed units 16 are connected to the rods.

Druhé riešenie zariadenia má nosič 6 (obr. 2) s nástrojovými elektrodami 5, zhodný s prvým riešením, pričom držiak 10 je pevne uchytený na kyvných pákách 23. Kyvné páky 23 sú pod obrobkom 1 uložené kyvné čapmi 25 na konzoliach 24 upevněných na dne vane 3. Horné konce kyvných pák 23 sú 1'avými čapmi 12 kyvné uložené na tiahlach 14, ktoré sú pravými čapmi 13 kyvné uložené na piestniciach 15 posuvových jednotiek 16. Posuvové jednotky 16 sú prostredníctvom príchytiek 28 uchytené na váni 3.The second embodiment of the device has a carrier 6 (Fig. 2) with tool electrodes 5, identical to the first solution, wherein the holder 10 is fixedly attached to the rocking levers 23. The rocking levers 23 are supported by the rocking pins 25 under the workpiece 1. 3. The upper ends of the rocker levers 23 are pivoted on the rods 14 by left-hand bolts 12, which are pivoted on the piston rods 15 of the feed units 16 by the right pivot pins 13.

Tretie riešenie zariadenia (obr. 3 a 5]má nosič 6 s nástrojovými elektrodami 5 zhodný s predchádzajúcimi riešeniami, pričom držiak 10 pevne uchýlený na pákách 22, na ktorých hornom konci je pevne uchytená spojovacia tyč 29, spojená s ozubeným segmentom 21, pričom v spojovacej tyči 29 sú otočné uložené stavatelné čapy 27, fixova né v- nastavenej polohe poistnými skrutkami 30, ktorých excentre 31 sú otočné uložené v stojinách 28 pevne uchytených na váni 3. Ozubený segment 21 je v zabere s posuvovou jednotkou 16.The third solution of the device (Figs. 3 and 5) has a tool electrode carrier 6 identical to the previous solutions, wherein the holder 10 is firmly mounted on the levers 22, at the upper end of which the connecting rod 29 is fixedly connected to the toothed segment 21. of the connecting rod 29 are rotatably mounted adjustable pins 27, fixed in the set position by locking screws 30, whose eccentrics 31 are rotatably mounted in webs 28 fixedly attached to the carriage 3. The toothed segment 21 engages with the feed unit 16.

Funkcia zariadenia pre elektroiskrové obrábanie rotačných obrobkov vačšieho priemeru je nasledovná: Nástrojové elektrody sa mimo zariadenia upevnia v elektroizolačnej vložke 7 nosiča 6 tak, aby ich činné hrany sledovali, čo možno najvernejšie obrys obrobku 1, čo sa kontroluje přiložením nástrojových elektrod 5 na povrch obrobku 1. Nosiče 6 s upevněnými nástrojovými elektródiami 5 sa vložia skrutkami 9 do drážiek 11 držiaka 10 a skrutky 9 sa l'ahko pritiahnu. Do zariadenia sa vloží obrobok 1, uvolnia sa skrutky 9 a poloha nástrojových elektrod 5 sa upraví přitlačením na nosiče tak, aby sa všetky nástrojové elektrody 5 dotýkali po celej dížke povrchu obrobku 1.The function of the apparatus for electrospark machining of larger diameter rotary workpieces is as follows: The tool electrodes are mounted outside the apparatus in the electrical insulating insert 7 of the carrier 6 so that their active edges follow as closely as possible the workpiece contour 1. The carriers 6 with the tool electrodes 5 fixed are inserted by screws 9 into the grooves 11 of the holder 10 and the screws 9 are easily tightened. The workpiece 1 is inserted into the device, the screws 9 are loosened and the position of the tool electrodes 5 is adjusted by pressing on the carriers so that all the tool electrodes 5 touch the entire length of the surface of the workpiece 1.

V uvedenej polohe sa definitívnym dotiahnutím skrutiek 9 spojí ich nosič 6 s držiakom 10. Popísaným sposobom sa zabezpečí, aby pokial' možno všetky nástrojové elektrody 5 po spustení zariadenia započali súčasne svoju obrábaciu činnosť. Vana 3 sa naplní dielektrickou kvapalinou 4. Obrobok 1 sa uvedie do otáčavého pohybu, na nástrojové elektrody 5 a obrobok 1 sa privedie napátie z viackanálových generátorov (na obr. nezakreslené) a zahájí sa vlastně elektroiskrové obrábanie. Keby napriek uvedenému postupu nezačalo obrábanie po celej dížke obrobku nástrojovými elektrodami 5, upraví sa ich priblíženie na nepracovnej straně spolu s nosičom 6 a držiakom 10 jemným natočením horného čapu 27 za chodu stroja a horný čap 27 sa v nastavenej polohe zafixuje poistnou skrutkou 30.In this position, by firmly tightening the screws 9, their carrier 6 is connected to the holder 10. As described above, it is ensured that all the tool electrodes 5 can start their machining operations simultaneously when the device is started. The bath 3 is filled with dielectric liquid 4. The workpiece 1 is rotated, the tool electrodes 5 and the workpiece 1 are supplied with voltage from the multi-channel generators (not shown in the figure) and the electro-spark machining is actually started. If the tool electrodes 5 do not start to be machined over the entire length of the workpiece despite the above mentioned procedure, their approach on the inoperative side together with the carrier 6 and the holder 10 is adjusted by gently rotating the upper pin 27 while the machine is running.

Claims

248939 A device for electro-spark machining workpieces, the larger the diameter of which is the tub 3 (FIG. 1), above which the workpiece 1 is mounted so that its lower part is immersed in the dielectric drop line 4 present in the bag. 3. Under carrier 1 in dielectric fluid 4, two carriers 6 are disposed. On each support 8, the electrically insulating insert 7 has four tool electrodes 5 so as to provide a gap 2 between them. These are provided with lugs 8 in which the screws 9 are screwed and the bolts 9 are supported in the grooves 11 of the holder 10. The holder 10 is firmly attached to the beams 17 pressed on the rods 18. The rods 18 are rolled by the bullets 20 in the conduits 19. The feed units 18 are connected to the rods 18. A second embodiment of the device has a carrier 6 (FIG. 2) with tool electrodes 5 identical to the first solution, wherein the holder 10 is fixedly fixed to the swinging levers 23. The pivoting levers 23 are mounted under the workpiece 1 by pivoted pins 23 on the brackets 24 is mounted on the bottom of the tub 3. The upper ends of the swinging levers 23 are pivoted by the pivot pins 12, which are pivoted by the right pivot pins 13 on the piston rods 13 of the feed units. 3. A third embodiment of the device (FIGS. 3 and 5) of the device 6 with the tool electrodes 3 identical to the previous solutions, wherein the retainer 10 fixed to the levers 22 at the upper end is fixedly attached to the connecting rod 29 connected to the toothed segment 21, wherein, in the connecting rod 29, a rotatably mounted adjusting pin 27 is fixed, fixed in the set position by the locking screws 30, the eccentrics 31 of which are rotatably supported in the uprights The toothed segment 21 is engaged with the displacement unit 16. The function of the electro-sparking device for rotating workpieces of the larger diameter is as follows: The tool electrodes 5 are mounted outside the device in the electro-insulating insert 7 of the carrier 6 so that their agents follow the workpiece 1 as closely as possible, which is checked by applying the tool electrodes 5 to the workpiece surface

1. Carriers 6 with fixed tool electrodes 5 are inserted by screws 9 into the grooves 11 of the holder 10 and the screw 9 is easily retracted. A workpiece 1 is inserted into the device, the screws 9 are released, and the position of the tool electrodes 3 is adjusted by pressing it on the carriers S so that all the tool electrodes touch the entire length of the workpiece surface 1. In this position, the carrier 6 is finally connected to the carrier by a definitive pulling of the screws 9 10. In the manner described, it is ensured that when all the tool electrodes 5 can start their machining operation at the start of the device. The bath 3 is filled with dielectric fluid 4. The workpiece 1 is rotated, the tool instrument electrodes 3 and workpiece 1 are energized from the multi-channel generators (not shown in the figure) and the electro-spark machining is started. If the machining of the entire workpiece length by the tool electrodes 5 does not begin, the approach of the workpiece side with the carrier 6 and the holder 10 is adjusted by slightly turning the upper pin 27 of the machine and the upper pin 27 is fixed by a locking screw 30 in the set position. SUBJECT

An apparatus for larger diameter electro-spark machining workpieces consisting of a plurality of separate power tool electrodes insulated on a common support, characterized in that the carriers (6) with the tool electrodes (5j are connected to an autonomously sliding unit (16), wherein the gap (2) between the tool electrodes (5) is equal to or greater than the thickness of the tool electrode (5).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (10) of the support (6) is fixedly secured by a beam (17) to the roller bearings (18) mounted in the guides (19), the bars (18) being connected to displacement units (16).

3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (10) of the carriers (6) is fixedly fixed to the rocking levers (23) located under the workpiece (1), the upper ends of the rocking levers (23) being a thrust unit (16) connected to the feed unit (16).

4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (10) of the carriers (6) is fixed to the levers (22), the upper ends of which are fixedly connected to the connecting rods (29) connected to the toothed segments (21) which they are sliding units (16) in the gear.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the connecting rods (29) are provided with upper pins (27) with an eccentric (31) for slightly height adjusting the holder (10), wherein the connecting rod (29) is provided with a fixative a locking screw (30). 3 sheets of drawings