CS241376B1 - Gasoline from hydrocarbon fractions - Google Patents

Abstract

Motor gasoline, the main component of which is the product of catalytic reforming in addition to lower-octane petroleum gasolines, isomerization and non-petroleum gasoline, with OCVM 85 to 96 with the addition of alkyl lead, consists of 30 to 60 vol. percent reformate with OCVM 88 to 94, 4 to 30 vol. % light petroleum gasoline, 6 to 36 vol. % catalytic isomerization and 4 to 30 vol. % hydrotreated hydrocarbon fraction of non-petroleum origin, boiling in the range of 30 to 210 °C, preferably 30 to 160 °C, containing 30 to 65 wt. % naphthenes and 15 to 30 wt. % aromatics with a density of 0.725 to 0.765 and 0.3 to 0.4 g of lead per liter in the form of tetramethyl and/or tetraethyl lead.

Description

The invention of motor gasoline from hydrocarbon fractions, which enables improved use of light high-octane components, e.g. isomerization and non-petroleum gasolines in motor gasolines, the main component of which is the product of catalytic reforming in addition to lower-octane petroleum gasolines and alkyl oleoyl.

Motor gasolines are still one of the main petroleum products and an increasing number of components are used in their production, not only from petroleum, but non-petroleum gasolines are also gradually appearing in formulas, whose properties differ from those of conventional petroleum fractions. These differences sometimes allow the shortcomings of current formulas to be overcome.

For non-olefin refineries without catalytic cracking units, the Cs—Cs fraction from crude oil is increasingly appearing in the isomerization scheme, where, depending on the conditions, up to 15 units of OČVM are added in the product in addition to the raw material. The low specific gravity of the high-quality isomerized product does not allow its full use and replacement of the more economically demanding reformate. This is especially true for gasolines with a medium-high octane number, for example around 88 to 92 with 0.4 g Pb/1. In such cases, the addition of lead is usually reduced and the concentration of reformate is increased. However, lead is currently the cheapest antiknock agent and in many countries around the world and also in Europe, the trends towards reducing lead are not unidirectional and definitive.

For a situation of this type, where high-octane isomerizate is available in refineries and the economic, especially energy-intensive nature of catalytic reforming causes problems, a motor gasoline according to the invention was developed.

Motor gasoline from hydrocarbon fractions, the main component of which is the product of catalytic reforming in addition to lower-octane petroleum gasolines obtained only by distillation and other components of isomers, non-petroleum gasoline and alkyl lead with OČVM 85 to 96, according to the invention consists of 30 to 60 vol. % reformate with OČVM 88 to 94, 4 to 36 vol. % light petroleum gasoline, 6 to 36 vol. % catalytic isomers and 4 to 30 vol. % hydrotreated hydrocarbon fraction of non-petroleum origin, boiling in the range of 30 to 210 °C, preferably 30 to 160 °C, containing 30 to 65 wt. % naphthenes and 15 to 30 wt. % aromatics with a density of 0.725 to 0.765 and 0.3 to 0.4 g of lead per liter in the form of tetramethyl or/and tetraethyl lead. The catalytic isomerizate has a VOC of 80 to 86 and comes from the low-temperature isomerization of the pentane-hexane fraction. Hydrotreated fractions of non-petroleum origin are gasolines produced during thermal conversion of coal, especially brown coal, and are freed from 50 to 99% of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds as well as olefins by hydrogenation refining, while the aromatics content remains the same or is increased.

By analyzing the invention, it can be found that in the production of gasoline containing medium-high concentrations of lead, it is possible to use an increased concentration of light isomerized with a high octane number without the need to use a high concentration of reformate. This is especially beneficial for lower-octane types of gasoline, where the limit value for the use of light components is the specific gravity. This ensures the amount of energy units delivered in gasoline to the consumer. The choice of non-petroleum gasoline for this purpose is based on its relatively lower content of aromatics and increased content of cyclanes. The range of composition is determined by the pressure during hydrorefining. High-pressure gasoline is more naphthenic, cleaner, but more expensive. Dilution of non-petroleum gasoline with petroleum ensures the stability of the catalyst, especially at lower pressure. The advantages of the invention are given in the presented example, but the conditions are of illustrative significance only and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Example

For the preparation of motor gasoline in an oil refinery, including distillation, hydrotreating, reforming and isomerization of the Cs—C6 fraction, three fractions listed in Table 1 were used as a basis: highly aromatic reformate, light virgin gasoline boiling up to 130 °C and catalytic isomerization of the Cs—Ca fraction. According to the standard, 0.4 g of Pb in the form of tetraethyl lead per liter could be added. In parallel, mixed tar and petroleum gasoline was also available, obtained by hydrotreating both components in a ratio of 1 : 1 cbj. It was characterized by an increased content of aromatics and naphthenes and had a higher octane number VM than light petroleum gasoline.

To demonstrate the effect of the invention, three types of motor gasolines (A, B, C) were first mixed, in which the isomer concentration gradually increased from 21 to 35% vol. (Table 2) and the reformate content decreased proportionally. According to the standard, the required VM octane number was achieved in all cases and the difference between the VM and OCMM was also satisfactory. However, the standard density of 0.720 could only be achieved at an isomer concentration below 24.5% vol. In the entire range, practically no bonus of mixing was obtained against linearity in the standard VM octane number.

Table 3 shows another series of tests (E, D, F) in which 30% by volume of blended gasoline produced by catalytic hydrogenation of a 1:1 mixture of tar and petroleum gasoline was added according to the invention. It is evident from the table that the isomer concentration can be increased from 24.5% by volume to 35% by volume without exceeding the density standard of 0.720. The reformate content is reduced to 35% by volume, i.e. by 14% absolute in the mixture.

Since the octane number depends on the lead content, the lead content can be reduced by about 10 to 20% depending on the reformate content. The substitution increases sensitivity, but still

241378 within the limits of the standard. In the concentration range of 35 to 21% vol. of isomerizate, a slight bonus in the OČVM appears, influenced by naphthenic blended gasoline. This allows for a further reduced content of lead or aromatics (reformate).

Table 1

Ingredients for the production of motor gasoline

Folder No. 1 name reformat

3 4 petroleum gasoline * j isomerized gasoline blend

Features:

from 0.783 0.689 0.643 0.753 distillation curve °C start 52 47 37 48 10% vol. 82 59 40 76 50% vol. 128. 76 44 109 90% vol. : 158 107 59 149 95% vol. 165 116 66 158 end 186/99 127/99 78/99 174/99 flavors % wt. 57.9 2.5 — 26.6 OCVM 93.1 62.6 84.1 70.4 OCM 82.6 61.0 81.6 70.0 OCVM with 0.4 g Pb/1 98.5 77.3 95.4 82.9 OÇMM with 0.4 g Pb/1 88.3 81.0 95.5 81.3

* j with approx. 10% hydrocracked gasoline from heavier oil fractions

Auí&gasoline prepared mixture no. usual message A Table? isobem B C norm composition % vol. folder 1 35 42 49 — 2 30 30 30 — 3 35 28 21 — properties dso 0.705 0.715 0.725 min. 0.720 dist. curve °C beginning 43 43 - 43 _ 10% vol. 52 50 50 max. 60 50% vol. 75 76 82 max. 110 95% vol. 151 155 154 max. 180 end/% vol. 172/99 172/99 174/99 max. 205 flavors % wt. 20.5 24.4 28.4 max. 40 OCVM 91.0 91.5 91.8 min. 90 OCM 87.2 86.7 86.1 g Pb/1 (TEOj 0.4 0.4 0.4 max. 0.4 OCVM — OČMM 3.8 4.8 5.7 max. 8.0 OCVM calc. 91.3 91.5 91.7 — OCVM bonus —0.3 0 0.1 —

Tab

Motor gasolines prepared according to the invention mixture D composition % vol.

folder 1 35 2 10 3 35 4 20 features: d20 0.720 dist. curve °C start 43 10% vol. 52 50% vol. 82 95% of the volume 156 end °C/% vol. 174/99 flavors % wt. 25.8 OCVM 92.4 OCMM 87.1 g Pb/l 0.4 OCVM — OCM 5.3 OÇMM calc. 92.2 OCVM bonus +0.2

Subject

Claims (4)

Subject 1. Motor gasoline from hydrocarbon fractions, the main component of which is the product of catalytic reforming in addition to lower-octane petroleum gasolines and other components — isomerizate, non-petroleum gasoline with OČVM and alkyl alcohol 85 to 96, characterized in that it consists of 30 to 60 vol. % reformate with OČVM 88 to 94, 4 to 30 vol. % light petroleum gasoline, 6 to 36 vol. % of catalytic isomerizate and 4 to 30 vol. % of hydrotreated hydrocarbon fraction of non-petroleum origin, boiling in the range of 30 to 210 °C, preferably 30 to 160 °C, containing 30 to 65 wt. % naphthenes and 15 to 30 wt. % aromatics with a density of 0.725 to 0.765 and 0.3 to 0.4 g of lead per liter in the form of tetramethyl and/or tetraethyl lead. 42 49 10 10 28 21 20 20 0.728 0.738 45 46 56 62 92 97 159 160 177/99 178/99 29.7 33.8 92.8 93.1 86.5 86.1 0.4 0.4 6.1 7.0 92.4 92.6 +0.4 +0.5 invent 2. Motor gasoline according to item 1, characterized in that the catalytic isomerization has a CVM of 80 to 86 and comes from the low-temperature isointerface of the pentane-hexane fraction. 3. Motor gasoline according to points 1 and 2, characterized in that the hydrotreated fractions of non-petroleum origin are gasolines produced during thermal conversion of coal, especially brown coal, and freed from 50 to 99% of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, as well as olefins, by hydrotreating, while the aromatic content remains the same or is increased. 4. Motor gasoline according to points 1 and 3, characterized in that the light petroleum gasoline comes from the distillation of crude oil, or from the hydrocracking of higher petroleum fractions.