CS231347B1 - Method of extraction of volatile substances fro water - Google Patents
Method of extraction of volatile substances fro water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS231347B1 CS231347B1 CS829719A CS971982A CS231347B1 CS 231347 B1 CS231347 B1 CS 231347B1 CS 829719 A CS829719 A CS 829719A CS 971982 A CS971982 A CS 971982A CS 231347 B1 CS231347 B1 CS 231347B1
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- water
- carbon dioxide
- inert gas
- volatile substances
- extracted
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
Podstatou vynálezu je, že se vzorek extrahuje směsí inertního plynu a oxidu uhličitého, oxid uhličitý se absorbuje a zkonoentrované vyextrahované látky spolu s inertním plynem se shromaždují a homogenizují za konstantních stavových podmínek. Způsob j^ především určen k analýze vody, eejména ložisek podzemní vody, a odpadních povrchových vod.It is an object of the invention that the sample is extracted a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is absorbed and concentrated extracted substances together with inert gas are collected and homogenized under constant state conditions. In particular, the method is for analysis water, especially groundwater, and waste surface waters.
Description
Vynález ..se týká způsobu extrakce a koncentrace těkavých látek, jako ropných uhlovodíků, to je alifatických a aromatických uhlovodíků s bodem varu do 300 °C, nebo chlorovaných uhlovodíků, jakp.methylenchloridu, chloroformu, dichlorethanu, dichlorethylenu, z vody.The invention relates to a process for extracting and concentrating volatile substances such as petroleum hydrocarbons, i.e. aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons boiling up to 300 ° C, or chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, from water.
V poslední době roste zájem o rychlou a jednoduchou metodu extrakce a koncentrace těkavých látek.z vody, například ropných uhlovodíků, v souvislosti se znečištěním nejen opadních a říčních' vod/ ale také podzemních pramenů a ložisek pitné vody a rostoucími požadavky na jejich analytickou kontrolu.Recently, there has been a growing interest in a quick and simple method of extracting and concentrating volatile substances from water, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, in connection with pollution of not only wastewater and river water but also ground springs and drinking water reservoirs and increasing analytical control requirements.
Při ailálýze stopových koncentrací těchto látek je nutno je nejprve extrahovat z původního vzorku a koncentrovat před vlastním stanovením, nebo£ 1 použití velmi citlivých detektorů, jako například plamenového ionizačního při aplikaci plynové chromatografie není schopno postihnout stopové koncentrace látek v oblasti ppb /pars per bilion/ a níže.For ailysis of trace concentrations of these substances, they must first be extracted from the original sample and concentrated prior to the determination, or £ 1 using very sensitive detectors such as flame ionization using gas chromatography is unable to detect trace concentrations of substances in the ppb area and below.
K tomuto účelu se nejčastěji používá metoda extrakce většího množství vzorku vody, například i několik litrů, inertním plynem, přičemž jsou těkavé látky z plynu sorbovány v malém množství sorbentu, například aktivním uhlím nebo vrstvou speciálních organických polymerů na bázi styrenu a divinylbenzenu, pak extrahovány malým množstvím rozpouštědla, například sírouhlíku, nebo tepelně, a pak teprve podrobeny chromatografioké analýze. Je zřejmé, že uvedený postup je náročný časově a na manuální úkony, nehledě na možnost ztrát v důsledku neúplné desorpce..Most commonly used for this purpose is the method of extracting a larger amount of a water sample, for example several liters, with an inert gas, with volatile substances from the gas being sorbed in a small amount of sorbent, such as activated carbon or a layer of special organic polymers based on styrene and divinylbenzene. amount of solvent, such as carbon disulphide, or thermally, and then subjected to chromatographic analysis. Obviously, this process is time-consuming and manual, notwithstanding the possibility of loss due to incomplete desorption.
Tyto dosavadní nevýhody odstraňuje způsob extrakce a koncentrace těkavých látek z vody, jehož podstatou je, že se voda extrahuje směsí inertního plynu, například dusíku, nebo argonu, nebo hélia a oxidu uhličitého v objemovém poměru 1 i 10 až 10 000, oxid uhličitý se ze srněsi odděluje absorpcí a vyextrahované látky spolu s inertním plynem se shromaždují a homogenizují za konstantních podmínek tlaku, objemu a teploty.These disadvantages are overcome by the method of extracting and concentrating the volatiles from water, which is based on the fact that the water is extracted with a mixture of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or helium and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 1 to 10,000. it is separated from the animals by absorption and the extracted substances together with the inert gas are collected and homogenized under constant conditions of pressure, volume and temperature.
Výhodou popsaného způsobu a zařízení k jeho provádění proti používaným je odstranění mezistupně desorpce extrahované směsi ze sorbentu, možnost plné automatizace, a dosažení mimořádně vysokého stupně koncentrace výsledné směsi. Navíc je možno tento kombinovat se stávajícími postupy.The advantage of the described method and apparatus for its implementation against the used ones is the elimination of the intermediate desorption of the extracted mixture from the sorbent, the possibility of full automation, and the achievement of an extremely high degree of concentration of the resulting mixture. In addition, this can be combined with existing procedures.
Způsob podle vynálezu objasní níže uvedený příklad, znázorněný blokově na přiloženém výkrese. Příklad na přiloženém obrázku tvoří zařízení, sestávající z prvního zdroje 1^ plynu, například dusíku, argonu, nebo hélia a z druhého zdroje 2 plynu, oxidu uhličitého. Přívody z obou zdrojů 2» 2 3SOU spojeny přes nádobu 3 s vodou, dále chladič 4, absorbér 5_, sušičku £, komoru 7 se zařízením 8, například plynovým chromatografem.The method according to the invention is illustrated by the example below, shown in block form in the accompanying drawing. An example of the attached figure is a device consisting of a first gas source 1, for example nitrogen, argon, or helium, and a second gas source 2, carbon dioxide. The inlets of the two sources 2 »2 3 SOU vessel 3 connected via a water cooler further 4 absorber 5, £ dryer, the chamber 7 with the device 8, for example a gas chromatograph.
Inertní plyn, kterým je dusík, nebo argon, nebo hélium, z prvního zdroje 1_ a oxid uhličitý z druhého’ zdroje 2 jsou směšovány v objemovém poměru 1 : 1 000 a tato směs je vedena do nádoby 2 s vodou, obsahující ropné uhlovodíky v koncentraci 1 až 100 ppb. Jemně rozptýlený plyn extrahuje alifatické a aromatické uhlovodíky do θ£Ο za teploty 30 až 99 °C, unáší je přes chladič 4 a absorbér 2 oxidu uhličitého, obsahující například roztok hydroxidu sodného, sušičku £, plněnou anhydronem, do komory 7 objemu 100 až 500 ml, kde dochází k homogenizaci plynné směsi za konstantních stavových podmínek, načež.je tato směs analyzována v zařízení 8·The inert gas, which is nitrogen, or argon, or helium, from the first source 1 and the carbon dioxide from the second source 2 are mixed in a 1: 1000 volume ratio and this mixture is fed into a water-containing vessel 2 containing petroleum hydrocarbons at a concentration 1 to 100 ppb. The finely dispersed gas extracts the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons into θ Ο at a temperature of 30 to 99 ° C, carrying them through a condenser 4 and a carbon dioxide absorber 2 containing, for example, sodium hydroxide solution, anhydride-filled dryer £, into a chamber 7 of 100 to 500 ml, where the gas mixture is homogenized under constant state conditions, whereupon it is analyzed in the apparatus 8 ·
Popsaný způsob je vhodný k extrakci všech druhů vod, zejména však vod, určených k pitným účelům.The described process is suitable for the extraction of all kinds of water, especially waters intended for drinking purposes.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS829719A CS231347B1 (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1982-12-27 | Method of extraction of volatile substances fro water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS829719A CS231347B1 (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1982-12-27 | Method of extraction of volatile substances fro water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS971982A1 CS971982A1 (en) | 1984-03-20 |
| CS231347B1 true CS231347B1 (en) | 1984-10-15 |
Family
ID=5446216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS829719A CS231347B1 (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1982-12-27 | Method of extraction of volatile substances fro water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS231347B1 (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-12-27 CS CS829719A patent/CS231347B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS971982A1 (en) | 1984-03-20 |
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