CS215166B1 - Plants for growing plants without soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the problem of growing plants without commonly used soil and other similar substrates, while allowing the roots of plants to have enough air and to be able to carry out gas exchange during metabolism with continuous and sufficient irrigation and nutrient supply. Irrigation is ensured by capillary wicking. in a bundle of artificial, preferably glass fibers, between which parallel capillary spaces are arranged, while these bundles of fibers, through which the nutrient solution wicks, are at the end of the sieve, provided with holes for the roots of plants, while the above-ground part of the plants is above the sieve and there are air spaces between the individual bundles of glass fibers. To prevent excessive evaporation of water from the system, a foil with holes through which the plants emerge can be placed above the sieve, or a layer of perlite can be placed above the sieve, which very well absorbs the nutrient solution from the capillary spaces of the fibrous tissues and the plants can take root well, or seeds can be sown.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the cultivation of plants using self-irrigation, which is carried out by capillary action in a bundle of artificial fibers, without soil or other substrate. When growing plants without soil or other substrate, the plants have roots in a nutrient solution container. A larger, permanently impermeable container is required. Many plants are difficult to grow hydroponically, for example, roots in solution do not tolerate a greater drop in temperature, some plants require a lot of air on the roots, its cultivation is not effective. The solution must be replaced or its loading monitored continuously. Some plants do not have suitable roots, such as ferns, orchids. Seeds cannot be sown in hydroponics. Hydroponics will not create ideal conditions for growing many plants.

The aforementioned drawbacks are eliminated by the device according to the invention, in which the individual fiber bundles exiting the nutrient solution are fastened to the upper end of the plant with openings for the roots of the plants, and air spaces are provided between the individual fiber bundles. Above the sieve there is a film provided with openings for the outlet of the above-ground parts of the plants, and above the sieve there is a layer of perlite or other porous substrate, eg.

Advantages of the device according to the invention are that the nutrient solution container can be many times smaller than the growing area above the container. Plants ensure a perfect supply of water and nutrients, but also air to the roots. The water is well oxygenated, the space can be ventilated as desired. The access of air to the roots is non-existent and in this case the soil rule is not that the greater the air content, the lower the water content and vice versa. 3e perfectly ensured gas exchange and breathing roots. As a result of gravity, the water content and its binding in the fiber bundles vary according to the height, and the plants can adapt to the sweat or river.

AND

The entire system does not change during cultivation, unlike the organic substrate that is gathered, changing the physical, chemical and bacteriological properties. There is no problem with harmful anaerobic bacteria that overgrow the soil during intensive organic fertilization, and aerobic bacteria are not needed because there are enough nutrients in the system. The whole system can be easily insulated by heat and, unlike other methods, very cheaply heated in the ziranim period. You can tolerate plant roots well in the air! low temperatures. Seed sowing or seedlings can be easily arranged on the sieve surface where the ends of the fiber bundles are fixed. The slag layer on the sieve supports the formation of roots in the plant compartments.

The object of the invention is shown schematically in the attached drawing in vertical section.

The plant for soilless cultivation consists of a container 9 with a nutrient solution 10, from which a bundle of fibers 3 protrudes, which are fastened to the horizontal sieves 2 by the upper end. The bundles 3 are formed by simultaneously running individual artificial fibers 5 between which there are parallel capillary spaces 4. There are air spaces 11 between the individual bundles of fibers 3. A foil J is placed above the horizontal sieve 2. The plant 6 enters through its roots into the root space through the openings 7 in the horizontal sieve 2 and the above-ground part of the plant 6 exits the irrigation system through the openings 8 in the foil 1.

The irrigation system meets the specific needs of many plants that can be successfully grown in this way, such as orchids, cucumbers and the like.

For certain specific reasons, for example in the absence of a nutrient solution, it is possible to supplement the organic substrate which appears to be sufficient, for example, treated ground wood bark. Similarly, an inorganic substrate, such as perlite 12, may be used. Perlite 12 could be a fart greenhouse environment where a layer of perlite 12 on a horizontal sieve 2 can be replaced with a film 1 having apertures 8. Suitable fibers for said irrigation are glass, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile and others.

Claims (3)

A plant for growing plants without a fall or other substrate, wherein the irrigation is ensured by capillary wicking in a bundle of co-running artificial fibers, characterized in that the individual bundles of fibers (3) emerging from the nutrient solution (10) are fastened by an upper end with holes (7) for plant roots (6), wherein there are air spaces (11) between the individual fiber bundles (3). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a foil (1) provided with openings (8) for exiting the above-ground parts of the plants (6) is arranged above the screen (2). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that ⁵ layers of perlite (12) are deposited above the sieve (2).