CS213820B1 - Method of and filter for separating soot from soot aerosol - Google Patents

Abstract

According to this method, the soot separation from the carbon black aerosol, the carbon black aerosol is fed layer of filter material, wherein the particles are distributed soot deposited in the granular layer filter media, for purified gas, and part of the purified gas is conducted periodically to regenerate the granular filtration layer countercurrent with respect to movement aerosol soot, taking the essence of this the process is to conduct the soot aerosol from above down a granular layer of filter material granular carbon black. Aerosol The carbon black is preferably passed in the progressive form current or rotationally advancing current. The granular layer is regenerated suspended by means of purified gas. Carbon black can be pre-filled with polyethylene.

Description

The invention relates to a method for separating soot from a soot aerosol, as well as to a filter for carrying it out, and can be used in industries where soot is produced or consumed.

A number of methods for separating soot from a soot aerosol, as well as a filter for doing so, are currently known.

One known method of separating soot from a soot aerosol is by passing the soot aerosol through filter cloths or metal-ceramic diaphragms. In this case, the soot aerosol is separated into solid soot particles which deposit on the surface of the filter substance and into a cleaned gas which is discharged to regenerate the filter substance in countercurrent relative to the direction of movement of the soot aerosol.

The filter for carrying out the known method consists of sections, each of which is separated by a filter diaphragm into two chambers, the first of which is connected to the inlet manifold for the supply of soot aerosol and the second to the manifold for evacuating the cleaned gas to the consumer and and which are provided with devices for automatically controlling the closing devices. ) V.P.Zujev, V.V.Michajlov, Proizdvodstvo saži.Izd. Chimija, M., 1970, pp. 141;

V.N.Užov, B.I.Mjagkov Purification of thoughtful gauze filters. Izd. Khimija, M.197O, pp. 208-221, 280-291.)

With known carbon black aerosol separation processes as well as filters for their performance, filtering agents are used whose efficiency is time-dependent. Damaged filter diaphragms through which soot penetrates are replaced with new ones. This results in _a.:, Shock costs occurs ztrárám carbon black, as well as the environmental pollution.

Another known method of separating soot from a soot aerosol is to guide the soot aerosol through a layer of particulate filter material. There is a separation of the soot aerosol: into solid soot particles settling on the particulate filter layer and to the cleaned gas which is discharged to the consumer and part of the cleaned gas is discharged periodically upstream relative to the direction of movement of the soot aerosol. regeneration of the granular filter layer.

The filter for carrying out said method of separating soot from a soot aerosol consists of sections each divided by a diaphragm on which a layer of particulate filter material, quartz sand, is arranged in two chambers, the first of which is connected to an inlet manifold for evacuating the purified gas. to the consumer, as well as for the supply of regeneration gas, which are connected to shut-off devices and provided with a device for automatic control of the shut-off devices (VNUžov, BIMyagkov: Ošetka promyšlennych gazov filtrem, Izd. Chimija, M.197O, p.268 to 271; The Purpose Gauge Purification and Aerodinamics of Polymorphic Apparel, Yaroslavl, 1975, pp. 99-106; Proceedings of the Gaza Journal after the Purification of Gazes, Yaroslavl, 1972, pp. 77-78.

The known methods of separating soot from the soot aerosol and the filters to carry it out are characterized by a high cost, which is conditional on the loss of valuable product, namely soot separated from the aerosol with particulate pollutants, and the need to increase gas velocity and pressure for regeneration granular layers of quartz sand.

215820

Furthermore, the method of separating the soot from the aerosol does not allow the soot to be completely separated from the soot from the soot aerosol, or the filter to carry out the soot, thereby causing both losses and soiling of the environment.

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method of separating soot from a soot aerosol that allows virtually complete soot separation from the soot aerosol, guarantees purity of the soot so separated, and which allows longer energy and cost separation of soot from the soot aerosol. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a filter k

Tif- '. Carrying out said method of separating soot from an aerosol of soot.

The problem has been solved and the disadvantages of the prior art methods and apparatus have been eliminated by the method of separating the soot from the soot aerosol according to the invention and the filter according to the invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of separating soot from a soot aerosol wherein the soot aerosol is passed through a particulate filter mass, wherein the soot aerosol is separated into solid soot particles settling in the particulate particulate layer and into a cleaned gas to the consumer and a portion The gas flow periodically leads to the regeneration of the particulate filter mass in countercurrent relative to the direction of movement of the soot aerosol according to the invention, characterized in that the soot aerosol is passed from top to bottom through a particulate particulate filter mass.

Preferably, the soot aerosol is conducted in the form of an advancing stream.

The soot aerosol ae may also be conducted in the form of a rotating flow.

The carbon black aerosol preferably has a temperature in the range of from 0 to 400 ° C at a vacuum of -4.9 KPa to a pressure of + 4.9 KPa, a granular carbon black granularity of 0.05 to 0.5 m / s at a granular carbon black of 0, 5 mm to 2.5 mm and a bulk density of soot ranging from 500 kg / m 2 to 1000 kg / m 2.

The granular carbon black granular layer is preferably regenerated in an interval of 5 to 60 minutes in 20 to 60 seconds in the fluidized-air concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 m / sec.

The granulated carbon black may be pre-filled with polyethylene in a weight ratio of 100 parts granulated carbon black to 5 to 50 parts polyethylene.

The essence of a filter for carrying out the method according to the invention, consisting of sections each divided by a diaphragm on which the filter substance layer is arranged, in two chambers, the first of which is connected to the inlet manifold for the soot aerosol supply and the second to the the removal of the purified gas to the consumer as well as for the supply of regeneration gas which is connected to the shut-off devices and comprises a device for automatically controlling the shut-off devices according to the invention consists in that ¹ diaphragm represents a distribution net with a 50 to 200 µm sieve and the granular carbon black layer has a height of 0.1 to 0.5 chamber height.

Between the chamber and the inlet header there is arranged a cylindrical cyclone precursor chamber coaxially with the chamber, which is opened into the chamber and connected via tangential throat to the inlet header, the diameter of the cyclone pre-chamber being 0.2 to 1.0 chamber diameter.

A pre-chamber with a rectangular cross-section is arranged coaxially with the chamber between the chamber of rectangular section and the inlet header, the smaller side of the chamber being 0.2 to 1.0 of the smaller side of the chamber.

The inlet header is channel-shaped with a longitudinally variable cross-section and converging sections which are connected to the anterior chambers, which are connected to slotted windows which lie in vertical planes smaller by the base of each converging section, with a converging angle of 10 ° to 80 °.

The process according to the invention makes it possible to separate the carbon black from the aerosol with the aim of ensuring its purity, with minimum energy costs and expense, with sufficient perfection.

The transfer and disintegration of the granular carbon black layer is prevented and the efficiency of the carbon black separation from the carbon black aerosol is reduced.

The ratio of the technological characteristics, the size of the granulated carbon blacks and their bulk density ensure better separation of the carbon black from the soot aerosol and allows to reduce the energy costs for the carbon black separation as well as the regeneration of the granulated carbon black layer.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to efficiently separate the soot from the soot aerosol as well as to reduce the energy cost for regenerating the layer of granulated soot.

The addition of polyethylene increases the abrasion resistance of the granular carbon black in the granular layer and reduces the loss on the carbon black.

The design of the filter according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate the loss of soot as well as the destruction of the granulated carbon black during regeneration of the layer, and better ratios are created for evenly distributing the aerosol over the granular carbon black granular surface.

The filter of the invention ensures the separation of the carbon black from the aerosol of the carbon black over a wide range of initial carbon black concentrations in the aerosol, as well as reducing the energy cost of regenerating the granular carbon black layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows schematically a filter according to the invention with cylindrical chambers for carrying out a method of separating soot from a soot aerosol; 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the filter according to the invention with rectangular chambers for carrying out a method of separating soot from the soot aerosol, in longitudinal section, FIG. Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5, Fig. 7 is a cross-section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 3 and Fig. 8 schematically illustrates an arrangement of a filter according to the invention; soot.

The method of separating the carbon black from the aerosol of the carbon black according to the invention is carried out as follows:

The carbon black aerosol is fed with a temperature of 0 ° C to 40u ° o and a vacuum of -4.9 kPa to a pressure of + 4.9 kPa in the direction of arrow A to the inlet port 1 (Fig. 1) of the manifold 2 (Figs. 1, 2). with converging sections X (Fig. 3) and with variable length in the length direction. Further, the aerosol is guided through the slit-shaped windows 4 located in the vertical planes of the smaller bases of each converging section χ, through the throat χ to the pre-chamber 6, from where it is passed in the form of spreading streams to the chamber 8 of sections 8 (FIG. The ecomodes 6 (FIG. 3) are designed such that its diameter d is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 of the diameter D of the chamber 6. 4, 5, 6 show a variant of the pre-chamber 6 and the chamber 6 ^{with a} rectangular cross-section, the smaller side b of the pre-chamber 6 (FIG. 5) being 0.2 to 1.0 of the smaller side B of the chamber 6.

From the chambers 2 (FIGS. 1, 4) the soot aerosol is passed at a velocity of 0.05 to 0.5 m / s with a layer g of a granular filter substance in a top-down direction, which layer of granular filter substance consists of granular carbon black of 0. 5 to 2.5 mm and a bulk density of 300 kg / m 2 to 1000 kg / m 2 and is arranged on a diaphragm 10 which represents a distribution grid with a sieve having a mesh size of 50 µm to 200 µm, is 0.1 to 0.5 chamber height 2 ·

The solid carbon black particles settle on the layer g of the particulate filter material and the cleaned gas is passed through a diaphragm 10 to the chambers 11 and to the cleaned gas collection line 12. A closing device 13 (FIG. 7) arranged on one of the section 8 (Fig. 1), the outlet opening of the chamber 11 is connected to the busbar 12 closes periodically at an interval of 5-60 minutes to 20 to 60 _and simultaneously opens the excised opening connected to a recovery gas collection line.

In this case, the cleaned gas is fed by means of a fan 15 from the collecting line 12 to the collecting line 14 and then at a speed of 0.3 to 0.1 m / s with a diaphragm. Layer 2 of the granular filter substance (granulated carbon black) is floated. The carbon black separated by the layer 2 is passed through the antechamber 6, the neck 2 and the slit window 4 together with the regeneration gas from the chamber 6 to the collecting line 2 and further through the outlet neck 16 (Fig. 3). 18 (FIG. 8) with adjusting closure 19.

The soot separated in the cyclone 18 is passed through the adjusting closure 19 to the granulation drum 20 and the gas is led from the cyclone 18 back to the inlet throat 1 of the collecting line 2 by means of a fan 21.

After 20 to 60 seconds, the layer regeneration is complete. The closure device 13 closes the inlet opening of the chamber 11 connected to the recovery gas collection line 14 and opens the orifice for outlet of purified gas from the chamber 11 to the collection line 12.

The regeneration of the granular filter substance layer is carried out successively in all filter sections 8 in the same manner. The cleaned gas in the filter is fed in the direction of arrow E (FIG. 1) by means of a fan 22 (FIG. 8) to the consumer and the final granulated carbon black product is conveyed in the direction of arrow F by an elevator 23 for storage.

To produce polyethylene-filled granulated carbon black, polyethylene in a weight ratio of 5 to 50 parts per 100 parts of carbon black is fed from the tank 24 through a metering device 25 into a gas vent between the outlet orifice 16 and the cyclone 18.

If desired, the granulated carbon black is introduced into the granular layer of the sections 8 of the window 26 in the lids of the pre-chamber 6.

the necessity of feeding the granulated carbon black into the granular layer is judged by the flow resistance of the layer at the time of its regeneration at a constant velocity of the gas supplied under the layer, which is maintained automatically by means of a slide and pneumatic drive 27.

The method of separating the carbon black from an aerosol of the carbon black of the present invention is further explained by the following examples.

Example 1

Aerosol carbon black was fed at about 400 ° C and a vacuum of about -4.9 kPa at a concentration of soot in particles of about 0.8 g / m ^ into the input socket 1 (Fig. 3) with collecting vedehí two converging sections of the convergence angle 2 ³ 10 ° and through the windows 4 through the throat 2 ^{to the} antechamber 6 and from there in the form of a rotating advancing flow into the chambers 2 of the sections 8. The diameter d of the cyclone precursor chamber 6 to the diameter D of the chamber 62 is 0.2. From the chamber 6 ^{, the} soot aerosol was passed at a velocity of 0.05 m / s with a granular layer of granular carbon black with a granule size of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm and a bulk density of 300 kg / cm 2 arranged on diaphragm 10 representing the distribution grid. with a 50 g sieve.

The ratio h of the granular carbon black layer vrstvy to the chamber height H was 0.1 and the height of the granular carbon black layer 100 was 100 mm.

The soot was separated from the aerosol in the granular carbon black layer 6, and the cleaned gas was passed through diaphragm 10 to the chambers 11 and further to the collecting duct 12. The layer regenerations were performed at 60 minute intervals with purified air. 12 into the collecting line 14 while passing through a layer of granulated carbon black at a velocity of 0.3 m / sec. The regeneration lasted 20 seconds. The carbon blacks separated in the layer 6 were passed from the chambers 6 through the pre-chamber 6, the throat 6 (Fig. 3) and the slit windows 4 together with air to regenerate the layer 6 into the collecting line 6 and further for separation in cyclone 18 ( 8). The cleaned air was discharged by the fan 22 from the manifold 12 to the atmosphere. The maximum concentration of carbon black in the purified air was 10 mg / m < 3 >.

Example 2 A carbon black aerosol was introduced at a temperature of about 200 ° C and a pressure of about 2.45 kPa at a carbon black concentration of about 2.0 g / m 2 into the inlet throat 1 (FIG. 3) of the collecting line 5 s. converging sections 8 with a convergence angle of 45 ° and further through the windows 4 through the throats 6 into the pre-chamber 6 and from there in the form of the advancing flow into the chambers 8 of the sections 8 (Fig. 8). The ratio of the smaller side 1 of the pre-chamber 6 i to the smaller side B of the chamber 6 with a rectangular cross-section was 0.6. From the chambers, the soot aerosol was guided at a velocity of 0.25 m / s with a granular layer of granulated carbon black having a granule size of 1 mm to g mm and a bulk density of 450 kg / m 2 arranged on diaphragm 10 representing a mesh screen with mesh 100 them.

The ratio h of the granular carbon black layer k to the height H of the chamber a was 0.25 and the height of the granular carbon black layer i was 100 mm.

! The soot was separated from the aerosol in the soot granular layer 6, and the cleaned gas was passed through dia fragments 10 and chambers 11 to the collecting conduit 12. The regeneration of the layer was performed at intervals of cleaned gas supplied by the fan 15 via the shut-off device 13 to the collecting conduit 14. the gas being passed at a speed of 0.5 m / s with a layer of granular carbon black. The regeneration lasted 35 seconds. The carbon black separated in the layer 6 was passed from the chambers 6 through the antechamber 6, the throat 6 (FIG. 3) and the slit windows 4 together with the regeneration gas into the collecting line 6 and further to cyclone 18 (FIG. 8). . The cleaned gas was fed to a consumer by a fan gg.

The maximum concentration of carbon black in the purified gas was 20 rng / m 2.

Example 3

The carbon black aerosol was passed at a temperature of about 0 ° C and a pressure of about 4.9 kPa at a concentration of about 3.2 g / m ^{2 of} the aerosol to the inlet throat 1 (FIG. 3) of the converging collector line 8 with converging angle θ. And through the windows 4 through the throats 4 into the antechamber 6 in the form of the advancing flow into the chambers 8 of the section 8 (FIG. 8).

the ratio of the smaller side b of the pre-chamber 6 to the smaller side B of the chamber 6 was 1.0. From the chambers, the soot aerosol was passed at a velocity of 0.5 m / s with a granular layer of granular carbon black with a granule size of 0.5 mm. . - i z_3 k ·. »! and uaruvCariana wa diaphragm 10.

representing a distribution grid having a mesh size of 200 µm. The ratio h of the granular carbon black granular layer fi to the height H of the chamber 7 was 0.5 and the height of the granular carbon black layer 2 was 100 mm.

The soot was separated from the soot aerosol in the granular carbon black layer fi and the cleaned gas was passed through diaphragm 10 and the chambers 11 to the collecting duct 12. The regeneration of the layer 9 was performed at intervals of 5 minutes using cleaned gas. guide 14 while passing at a velocity of 1.0 m / s through a layer of granulated carbon black. The regeneration lasted 60 s. The carbon black separated in the layer fi was passed from the chamber 6 through the pre-chamber 6, the neck fi (Fig. 3) and the slit windows 4 together with the regeneration gas to the collecting line 2 and further to the cyclone 18 (Fig. 8). The purified gas was passed to the consumer via a fan 22. The maximum concentration of carbon black in the purified gas was 10 mg / m 2

Example 4

The soot aerosol was passed at a temperature of about 120 ° C and a vacuum of about -2.94 kPa at a carbon black concentration of about 2.0 g / m 2 * to the inlet throat 1 (Fig. 3) of the converging header 2 with converging sections fi with converging 30 ° and through the windows 4 through the throats fi to the antechamber 6 and from there in the form of a progressing flow into the chambers 7 of the sections 8 (Fig. 8).

The ratio of the side b of the pre-chamber 6 to the smaller side B of the chamber 6 was 0.6. From the chambers, the soot aerosol was passed at a velocity of 0.3 m / s with a granular layer of granular safes with pre-filled polyethylene granules in a weight ratio of 100 parts granulated carbon black to 5 parts polyethylene having a granule size of 1 mm to 2 mm. representing a distribution grid with a 200 µm sieve. The ratio d of the layer of granular carbon black pre-filled with polyethylene to the height H of the chamber 6 was 0.3;

The soot was separated from the aerosol and the cleaned air was passed through diaphragm 10 and the chambers 11 to the collecting duct 12 in the pre-granulated safed granules layer. The regeneration of the polyethylene pre-granulated carbon black layer was performed at 10 minute intervals using purified air supplied by a fan 15 via a shut-off device 13 to a collecting line 14, being guided through a layer of granular carbon black at a speed of 0.5 m / s. The regeneration lasted 30 seconds. The carbon black separated in the layer was led from the chamber 6 through the antechamber 6, the neck fi (Fig. Fi) and the slit windows 4 together with air to regenerate the layer fi into the collecting line 2 and further to the cyclone 18 (Fig. 8). The purified air was blown through the fan 22 into the atmosphere. The maximum concentration of carbon black in the purified air was 20 mg / m @ 2.

Example 5

The soot aerosol was passed at a temperature of about 100 ° C and a pressure of about + 1.96 kPa at a concentration of carbon black in about 100 ° C. 0.5 g / a to the inlet throat 1 (FIG. 3) of the collecting line 2 with converging sections ifi with a converging angle of 60 ° and further through slotted windows 4 through the throat fi to the antechamber 6 and from there in the form of advancing flow into the chambers. through sections 8 (Fig. 8).

The pre-chamber 6 and the chamber 6 had a square cross section and the aspect ratio of the pre-chamber 6 and the chamber 6 was 1.0.

From the chambers, a carbon black with a size of granulated carbon black pre-filled with polyethylene in a weight ratio of 100 parts granulated carbon black to 50 parts polyethylene, 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, arranged on diaphragm 10, representing a distribution grid with a sieve of size ok 100 pm. The ratio h of the granulated carbon black layer h to the chamber height H was 0.2, and the granulated carbon black layer thickness fi was 150 mm.

The carbon black was separated in a layer of granulated carbon black pre-filled with polyethylene from the aerosol, and the purified air was passed through diaphragm 10 and the chamber Π Ho eHZméhrt io

The regeneration of the polyethylene-filled pre-granulated carbon black layer 2 was carried out at intervals of 15 minutes by means of purified air which was fed via a blower 15 via a shut-off device 13 to a collecting conduit 14. through a granulated carbon black layer 2 at 1.0 m / s. The regeneration lasted 40 seconds. The carbon black separated in the layer was passed from the chamber 2 through the antechamber 6, the neck 2 (Fig. 3) and the slit windows 4 together with the air to regenerate the layer 2 of granulated soot into the collection line 2 and further to the cyclone 18. (Fig. 8). The purified air was blown through the fan 22 into the atmosphere. The maximum concentration of carbon black in the purified air was 15 mg / m 2.

Claims (9)

A method of separating carbon black from a carbon black aerosol, wherein the carbon black aerosol is passed through the particulate filter bed I, wherein the particulate aerosol is divided into solid particulate carbon blacks deposited in the particulate filter bed and into a cleaned gas to the consumer; part of the cleaned gas is periodically led to regenerate the particulate layer of the filter mass in countercurrent with respect to the direction of movement of the soot aerosol, characterized in that the particulate aerosol is passed from top to bottom through a particulate layer of granular carbon black. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the soot aerosol is conducted in the form of a continuous stream. J. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon black aerosol is supplied in the form of a rotating flow. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the aerosol soot has a temperature in the range of 0 [deg.] C to aoo < 0 > at a vacuum of -4.9 kPa to a pressure of +4.9 kPa. from 0.05 to 0.5 m / s the size of the carbon black pellets of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm and a bulk density of carbon black in the range of 3 ^N 0 kg / m ³ to 1000 kg / ^m3. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the granular carbon black granular layer is regenerated at a rate of from 0.3 to 1.0 at a rate of 0.3 to 1.0 at 5 to 60 minutes in 20 to 60 seconds at a rate of 0.3 to 1.0. m / s. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon black aerosol is passed through a granular carbon black particulate filter bed pre-filled with polyethylene in a weight ratio of 100 parts granular carbon black to 5 to 50 parts polyethylene. 7. A filter for carrying out the method according to item 1, comprising sections each of which is divided by a diaphragm on which a filter substance layer is arranged, in two chambers, the first of which is connected to the inlet manifold for the soot aerosol supply and the second to the manifold. for the removal of purified gas to the consumer as well as for the supply of regeneration gas which is connected to the shut-off devices and comprises a device for automatically controlling the shut-off devices, characterized in that the dlafragma (10) is a distributor screen with a 50 to 200 mesh pm and the height (h) of the granular carbon black layer (9) is 0.1 to 0.5 of the height (H) of the chamber (7). Filter according to claim 7, characterized in that between the chamber (7) and the inlet header (2), a cylindrical cyclone chamber (6) is arranged coaxially with the chamber (7) and is opened into the chamber (7) and via a tangential throat connected to the inlet manifold (2), wherein the diameter (d) of the cyclone pre-chamber (6) is 0.2 to 0.1 in diameter (D) of the chamber (7). Filter according to claim 7, characterized in that a rectangular chamber (6) with a rectangular cross-section is arranged coaxially with the chamber (7) between the rectangular chamber (7) and the inlet header (2), the smaller side (b) of the chamber (6) is 0.2 to 1.0 times the smaller side (B) of the chamber (7). Filter according to Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the inlet manifold (2) is in the form of a channel with a longitudinally variable cross-section and converging sections (3) which are connected by β pre-chambers (6) of the neck (5) which they are attached to the windows through slit / 4 / which lie in vertical planes converging smaller bases of each section / 3 /, while konvergační angle ranging from 10 ⁰ to 80 °.